RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA
PROFORMA FOR RESGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
1. NAME OF THE : Mr. SANGAMESHWARA,
CANDIDATE AND I YEAR M.Sc NURSING,
ADDRESS GOVT COLLEGE OF NURSING,
HASSAN-573201. 2. NAME OF THE : GOVT COLLEGE OF NURSING,
INSTITUTION HASSAN-573201. 3. COURSE OF STUDY : I YEAR M.Sc NURSING,
AND SUBJECT MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING. 4. DATE OF ADMISSION TO : 26-07-2012
COURSE 5. TITLE OF THE TOPIC :“EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO ASSISTED
TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE
REGARDING HYGIENE AND SAFETY
MEASURES DURING HOSPITAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT AMONG OUT-SOURCE
WORKERS AT SRI CHAMARAJENDRA
HOSPITAL, HASSAN”.
6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK
INTRODUCTION
1 “CLEANLINESS IS NEXT TO GODLINESS.”
-Anonymous
The health care sector includes a diverse range of health facilities which have size assortment from large general and specialist hospitals to small community health centers, primary health centers, and primary health units. All these facilities are an integral part of our society with an endeavor to reduce health problems and to eliminate imminent jeopardy to people’s health.
In the course of curing health problems, the health care sector produce huge amount of biomedical waste which may be hazardous to all those who come in contact with this waste. Hazardous waste management is a concern for every health care organization.
The twenty first century witnessed, rapid mushrooming of hospitals in the public and private sector dictated the needs of expanding population. The advent and acceptance of “disposables” has made the generation of hospital waste as significant factor in today’s hospitals.
Hospital waste refers to all waste, biologic or nonbiologic that is discarded and not intended for further use. Medical waste is a subset of hospital waste; it refers to the material generated as a result of diagnosis, treatment or immunization of patients and associated biomedical research.1
Hospital wastes, if not properly managed, pose a risk to the personnel who are handling these wastes, including custodial personnel and especially
2 housekeeping staff or out-source workers because they are the persons handling medical waste while segregation, disposal and transportation.2
6.1 NEED FOR STUDY
“Health care waste management concerns us all,
Let’s work together for a healthy environment”.
Hospital waste management is a part of hospital hygiene and maintenance activities. In fact only 15% of hospital waste i.e. bio-medical waste is hazardous not the complete. But when hazardous waste is not segregated at the source of generation and mixed with non-hazardous waste, then 100% waste becomes hazardous.3
Any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis treatment, including operation or immunization of human being, or in research activities etc, is termed as biomedical waste. Day to day activities in Hospitals and other health care facilities generate lots of waste which is of biological in nature or of great concern.These wastes can transmit infections, particularly HIV, Hepatitis B and C and Tetanus, to the people who handle it or come in contact with it.
Hospital waste management is an imperative environmental and public safety issue, due to the waste’s infectious and hazardous character, segregation, collection, packaging, storage, transportation and disposal of waste were monitored and the observed problematic areas. There is a need for application of a comprehensive hospital waste management System that will ensure any potential risks hospital waste pose to public health and to the environment is minimized.4
3 As per the Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998, it is the duty of the Health Care Facilities generating bio-medical waste (BMW) to take all necessary steps to ensure that such waste is handled without any adverse effect to human health and environment. It can do so either in its own treatment facilities or ensure requisite treatment through a common bio-medical waste treatment and disposal facility. However, in order to facilitate setting up of such common treatment facilities on
Public Private Partnership (PPP) basis, the Government is implementing a Central Sector
Scheme (CSS) for providing financial assistance. Under the Scheme, 25% of the total cost of the project is provided as Central Government assistance subject to the availability of matching grant from the State government.5
The statistical information by the Ministry of State for Environment and Forests states that an estimate of nearly 4, 05,702 kg/day- 2, 91,983 kg/day of biomedical waste is generated and disposed off respectively in India during the year 2009-10.In the same year 13,037 hospitals in India violated the biomedical management rule 1998.In
Karnataka 62241 kg/day- 62241 kg/day of biomedical waste is generated and disposed off respectively during the year 2009-10. In the same year 344 hospitals violated the biomedical management rule 1998 in Karnataka. 5
The annual report of biomedical waste management given by Pollution control
Board, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh states that, as on 31st March 2010, hospitals and nursing homes in the town of population below 30 lakhs, generated 65,231.26 kg/day of biomedical waste and 47,130.487 kg/day of biomedical waste was treated among which
510 Health facilities violated the BMW rules 1998.6
4 At present with advancement of medical science most of the hospitals/nursing homes are now equipped with latest instruments for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. One of the most important aspect associated with hospitals is the safe management of the wastes; generated from these establishments, which contains human anatomical wastes, blood, body fluid, disposable syringe, used bandages, surgical gloves, blood bags, intravenous tubes etc.7
The Bio-medical waste generated from various sources has become a problem and much attention is being given worldwide to find out solution of this problem. The main concern lies with the hospital waste generated from large hospitals/nursing homes as it may pose deleterious effects due to its hazardous nature. Bio-medical wastes, if not handled in a proper way, is a potent source of diseases, like AIDS, Tuberculosis,
Hepatitis and other bacterial diseases causing serious threats to human health. Hence prime attention is needed for its safe and proper disposal. A large number of out-source
Housekeeping Workers are being employed for this purpose. 7
A study undertaken in a Tertiary Care Centre at Mumbai between the years 1998 and 2003 among 380 Health Care Workers. The results of the study revealed that, 45% of nurses, 33% of attendants, 11% of doctors and 11% of technicians had needle stick injuries. On source analysis, 23, 15 and 12 were positive for Hepatitis B surface antigen
(HBsAg), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Analysis of the source of injuries revealed that known sources accounted for 254 injuries, and unknown sources from garbage bags and Operating Theatre instruments accounted for
126 injuries. The study recommended for the safe and scientific disposal of Hospital
Wastes.8
5 Another study undertaken in the year 2009 with the objective of examining the current prevalence of Needle stick and sharps injuries (NSSIs) among housekeeping workers engaged in the handling and disposal of biomedical waste (BMW) at government and private hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. The study results depicted that, 90.2 % of housekeeping workers were warned of the dangers associated with waste and 83.7 % had attended educational programs on biomedical waste (BMW) management and injury prevention at their hospital in the preceding year. 16.3 % had not been trained in biomedical waste management .The study recommended need to formulate strategies to improve the working conditions of health care workers, discourage the excessive use of injections, and increase their adherence to universal precautions.9
The major factor responsible for the health hazards during handling hospital wastes was improper supervision by the authority concerned. There was also a lack of awareness on the consequences of unhygienic disposal of the hospital waste and absence of training facilities for the concerned staff. Information about proper waste management process is needed to improve hospital waste management. Hospital waste management is an important and necessary component of environment health protection.10
As per study conducted in Kenya, training of hospital attendants improved compliance to hepatitis B vaccinations and use of personal protective equipment when handling health-care waste and reduction on injuries from health-care waste. Therefore it concludes that it is necessary for healthcare workers training curricula to include health and safety issues while managing hazardous health-care waste as well as establishes the need for healthcare institutions to conduct continuing education on health and safety in the management of health-care waste.11
6 The medical waste causes many diseases and hazards among public.
Inappropriate collection and transportation procedures for infectious waste which jeopardized the safety of staff and patients. Housekeeping staff and hospital attendants are the persons involved in handling, segregation, disposal, transport of medical waste. In the light of above facts the Investigator felt that inappropriate segregation and disposal practices were the dominant problem which is causing problems to the out-source workers with their safety and hygiene. So the investigator felt a great need to educate the out-source workers regarding hygiene and safety measures during hospital waste management.
6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Review of literature is a key step in research process. It refers to an extensive, exhaustive and systematic examination of publication relevant to research project. One of the most satisfying aspects of the literature review is the contribution it makes to the new knowledge, insight and general scholarship of the researchers.12
A study was conducted to document the handling practice of waste among 60
Health Care Establishments (HCE) at Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2006 using observation, inventory, questionnaire, survey and formal and informal interviews. A number of specific questions were asked of nurses, hospital managers, doctors, and cleaners to elicit their knowledge. The study results showed that HCE generated a total of 5,562 kg of wastes per day. It was found that salvage used sharps, saline bags, blood bags and test tubes for resale or reuse. The study concludes that the HCE Manpower should be trained
7 to overcome the short comings like lack of awareness and improper management of medical wastes.13
A study was conducted to analyze various issues like quantities and proportion of different constituents of wastes, handling, treatment and disposal methods in various health-care units (HCUs) of Nagpur, India. The study results revealed that, the waste generation rate ranged between 0.5 and 2.0 kg/ bed/ day. It is estimated that annually about 0.33 million tonnes of waste are generated which consists of 30-35% of bandages, linen and other infectious waste 7-10% of plastics , 3-5% of glass, 0.3-0.5% of disposable syringes and other general wastes accounted for a 40-45. The study suggested a waste-management plan for health-care establishments.14
A study conducted on solid waste management practices apart from field surveys, the generated hospital waste was weighed to compute the generation rates and was followed through various management practices to the final disposal. The findings revealed a major policy implementation gap between the national government and the hospitals. The findings further revealed that there is no proper separation of wastes according to their classification as demanded by the national government. The mean percentage composition of the waste was found in the following decreasing order: general waste (60.74%) > medical waste (30.32%) > sharps (8.94%). The mean generation rates were found to be 0.60 kg per patient per day.15
A case study was conducted on biomedical waste management at KLE Society’s
J. N. Hospital and Medical Research Center, Belgaum, India. The study results observed that, the personnel working under the occupier were trained to take adequate precautionary measures in handling these bio-hazardous waste materials, the process of
8 segregation, collection, transport, storage and final disposal of infectious waste was done in compliance with the Standard Procedures, the final disposal was by incineration in accordance to the set Standards. This hospital also extends its facility to the neighboring clinics and hospitals by treating their produced waste for incineration.16
A Retrospective study was conducted aimed at examining the prevalence of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids in a tertiary care hospital among 103
Health Care Providers (HCP) at New Delhi, India. The study results revealed that 74.3% of the exposures were due to non-compliance with universal precautions and were thus preventable. The study concluded that HCP need to be sensitized regarding hospital waste management, management of occupational exposure and continued follow-up.17
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011, in government health institutions at Gondar town to find out the incidence of HBV and HCV among 100 medical waste handlers and 100 non-clinical waste handlers using structured questionnaires and their venous bloods were collected and the serums were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C antibody using rapid
Immunochromatography assay. The study results revealed that, HBV was detected in 6
(6.0%) and 1 (1.0%) and HCV in 1 (1.0%) and 0 (0.0%) of medical waste handlers and non-clinical waste handlers, respectively. It was found that Prevalence of HBV and HCV were significantly higher in medical waste in relation to non-clinical waste handlers. The study recommended for the proper disposal of Bio medical Wastes.18
A cross sectional study was conducted with the objective of assessing the level of awareness about the various aspects of biomedical waste and disposal practices by the medical practitioners among 30 hospitals with more than 30 beds at from Sabarkantha
9 district, Gujarat with random selection. Doctors were aware of risk of HIV and Hepatitis
B and C, whereas auxiliary staff (ward boys, ayabens, and sweepers) had very poor knowledge about it. The study concluded that there is an immediate and urgent need to train and educate all auxiliary staff to adopt an effective waste management practices.19
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was done in 2009 with a view to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of hospital staff regarding biomedical waste management (BMW) among 500 subjects of 47 randomly selected Hospitals at
Karimnagar, Andhra Pradesh. The results revealed that, 131 (26.2%) were housekeeping and 266 (53.2%) study subjects knew about BMW correctly, of which 138 (51.8%) were nurses, 114 (42.85%) were technicians and 14 (5.26%) were housekeepers. The nurses were having better knowledge and attitude, and also practiced BMW management better than the housekeeping and technical staff. The study concluded that regular training of nursing, technical and housekeeping staff should be done and system of monitoring should be evolved.20
A study was conducted to determine awareness of biomedical waste (BMW) management policies and practices among 160 staffs (80 dentists and 80 auxiliary staff) in dental hospital/clinics in Amritsar, India. To whom a questionnaire was distributed regarding policies, practices and awareness relating to
BMW. The resulting data were statistically tested using the chi-square test for differences between the dentists and auxiliary staff. The results of this study have demonstrated a lack of awareness of most aspects of BMW management among dental auxiliary staff and a lack of awareness of some aspects among dentists. The results provide
10 the hospital authorities with data upon which they can develop a strategy for improving
BMW management.21
A carefully designed survey of medical waste management in healthcare establishments (HCEs) and other waste disposal operatives was undertaken in the year
2011 at Dhaka, Bangladesh. The data gathered by observation, formal structured interview and informal dialogue. Sampling strategies included formal representative sampling and adaptive sampling. Operatives dealing with waste were untrained, and without even a basic understanding of the hazards involved. Personal protective equipment was inadequate in most cases which led to frequent accidental injuries. The study results showed lack of knowledge has resulted in mismanagement of medical waste and concluded that knowledge can be enhanced by informative trainings on medical waste disposal. 22
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
“ A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO ASSISTED
TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING HYGIENE AND
SAFETY MEASURES DURING HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AMONG
OUT-SOURCE WORKERS AT SRI CHAMARAJENDRA HOSPITAL, HASSAN”.
6.3 OBJECTIVES
1. To assess the existing level of knowledge regarding hygiene and safety measures
during hospital waste management among out-source workers.
11 2. To prepare and administer video assisted teaching programme on knowledge
regarding hygiene and safety measures during hospital waste management among
out-source workers.
3. To assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge
regarding hygiene and safety measures during hospital waste management among
out-source workers.
4. To find the association between the post test knowledge scores of hospital waste
management among out-source workers and their selected demographic variables.
6.3.1 HYPOTHESES
H1-There will be significant difference between the mean pre-test and post-test knowledge scores regarding hygiene and safety measures during hospital waste management among out-source workers.
H2- There will be significant association between post test knowledge score of out-source workers and their selected demographic variables.
6.3.2 VARIABLES
a) Independent variable: Video Assisted Teaching Programme regarding
hygiene and safety measures during hospital waste management.
b) Dependent variable: knowledge of Out-source Workers on hygiene and
safety measures during hospital waste management.
c) Demographic variables: Age, gender, education, income, years of
experience, sources of information available at Sri Chamarajendra hospital,
Hassan.
6.3.3 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
12 a) Knowledge: Knowledge refers to the number of correct response given by the respondent to questions of structured interview schedule regarding hygiene and safety measures during hospital waste management.
b) Effectiveness: It refers to the extent to which video assisted teaching programme achieved the desired outcomes in terms of gain in knowledge scores.
c) Video assisted teaching programme: It refers to an organized teaching programme to impart knowledge with the help of video of 30 min duration regarding hygienic and safety measures during hospital waste management, for out-source workers.
d) Out-source workers: Out-source workers are the house keeping staff hired by an out-source agency on contract basis, working at the Sri Chamarajendra hospital,
Hassan.
c) Hospital waste: Waste generated from hospitals, during the patient’s diagnosis, treatment and immunization. It includes sharp wastes, pathological wastes, solid wastes, liquid wastes, incineration ash, chemical wastes etc.
d) Management: It refers to the proper handling, classification, segregation and disposal of hospital waste.
e) Safety and hygienic measures: Refers to measures taken by out-source workers in order to prevent hazards of hospital waste management to self and to the community.
6.3.4 ASSUMPTIONS
1. The out-source workers may have some knowledge on hygiene and safety
measure during hospital waste management.
13 2. Structured interview schedule may be an appropriate tool to assess the knowledge
of out-sources workers.
DELIMITATIONS
a) The study is delimited to knowledge of out-source workers regarding hygiene and
safety measures during hospital waste management at Sri Chamarajendra hospital,
Hassan.
7. MATERIALS AND METHOD 7.1. Source of data Out-source workers at Sri Chamarajendra
Hospital, Hassan. 7.2. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION 7.2.1 Definition of study subject Out-source workers working at Sri
Chamarajendra Hospital, Hassan 7.2.2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria. a) Inclusion criteria a) Out-source workers who are working at sri
chamarajendra hospital, Hassan.
b) Out-source workers who are willing to
participate in the study.
c) Out-source workers who are present at the time
of data collection b) Exclusion criteria a) Out-source workers who are not available at
the time of data collection. Research approach Quantitative Evaluative approach
7.2. Research design One group Pre test- Post test Pre experimental
3 design.
14 Group Pre- Intervention Post-
test test
S O1 X O2
Key: S- Single group.
O1- Pre test knowledge assessment
X- Video assisted teaching programme (intervention)
O2- Post test knowledge assessment 7.2.4 Setting Sri Chamarajendra Hospital, Hassan. Population Out-source workers who are working at Sri
Chamarajendra Hospital, Hassan. 7.2.5 Sampling technique Purposive sampling which is a type of non
probability sampling will be adapted to draw
samples. 7.2.6 a) Sample size Sample will include 50 out-source workers of Sri
Chamarajendra Hospital, Hassan b) Duration of the study 4-6 weeks. 7.2.7 Tool of research The Structured Interview Schedule will be used to
collect data from the samples which consist of
two parts.
Part-I: Demographic data of Out-Source workers
consists of age, sex, religion, education, income,
years of experience, sources of information
available.
Part-II: Structured questionnaires are used to
assess the out-source workers knowledge on
hygienic and safety measures during hospital
15 waste management. Pilot study Pilot study will be conducted on 10% of sample
size to find out feasibility of conducting study
and design and plan of statistical analysis. The
subjects of the pilot study will not be included in
the main study. 7.2.8 collection of data The investigator personally will conduct
interview to assess the knowledge with structured
interview schedule on hygienic and safety
measures during hospital waste management, and
video assisted teaching programme regarding
hygiene and safety measures during hospital
waste management will be conducted on the same
day. After 7 days post test will be conducted by
using same structured interview schedule. 7.2.9 Method of data analysis The data will be analyzed by means of descriptive
and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics 1. Frequency and percentage distribution will be
used to analyze demographic data of out-source
workers.
2. Mean, percentage and standard deviation will
be used to assess the level of knowledge of out-
source workers on hygiene and safety measures
during hospital waste management. Inferential statistics 1. Paired “t” test will be used to assess the
effectiveness of video assisted teaching
16 programme
2. Chi-square test will be used to analyze the
association between the knowledge on hygienic
and safety measures during hospital waste
management among out-source workers and their
selected demographic variables.
7.3 Does the study require any investigation or interventions to be conducted on patients or other humans or animals?
Yes, with prior consent, video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding hygiene and safety measures during hospital waste management will be used as an intervention.
7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution? 1. Yes, written Permission will be obtained from the concerned person and authority of the institution before the study. 2. Privacy, Confidentiality and anonymity will be guarded.
3. Scientific objectivity of the study will be maintained with honesty and impartiality.
17 8. LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Park K. Textbook of preventive and social medicine. 19th ed. Jabalpur: M/s Banarsidas Bhanot publications; 2007.p.647-644.
2. Seema sood. Textbook of Microbiology for nurses. 2nd ed. Elsevier Publication; 2006.p.82-4.
3. CC Lee, GL Huffman, RP Nalesink, (1991). Medical Waste Management
Environment Science and Technology; 25(3): 360(2007).
4. Rutala WA, Weber DJ. Disinfection, sterilization and control of hospital waste
and principles & practice of infectious disease.4th ed. Churchill Livingstone;
2005.
5. Press Information Bureau Government of India. Ministry of Environment and Forests. 2011 August 29; 16:37 IST. Available from: http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=75223
18 6. MP Pollution control Board Bhopal. Annual report of biomedical waste
management as. 2010 March 31st. Available from:
http://www.mppcb.nic.in/pdf/BMW/BMW_AR_2010.pdf
7. Bio-medical waste management. Bio-medical waste (management and handling)
rules 1998. Available from: http://www.mppcb.nic.in/bio-
medical_waste.htm#bio-medical waste management.
8. Mehta A, C Rodriguez, S Ghag, P Bavi, S Shenai, F Dastur. Needle stick injuries
in a tertiary care centre in Mumbai, India. Journal of hospital infection. 2005 Aug;
60(4):368-73. Available from:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195670105000307
9. Lakbala P, Azar FE, Kamali H. Needle sticks and sharps injuries among
housekeeping workers in hospitals of Shiraz, Iran. BMC Res Notes. 2012 Jun 7;
5:276. Doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-276. PMID: 22676775.
Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22676775.
10. Shahid Mahmood, Najam-ud-Din, Jibran Mohsin, Hassan Javed. Practices
regarding hospital waste management at public and private sector hospitals of
Lahore. jun.2011; 17: 115. Available from:
http://www.annalskemu.org/journal/index.php/annals/article/viewFile/283/237
11. Nkonge Njagi A, Mayabi Oloo A, Kithinji J, Magambo Kithinji J. Knowledge,
attitude and practice of health-care waste management and associated health risks
in the two teaching and referral hospitals in Kenya; 2012 Dec; 37(6):1172-7. Doi:
19 10(11).1007/s10900-012-9580. PMID: 22752531. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=PMID%3A%2022752531.
12. Denise F polit, Cheryl Tantano beck, Text book of nursing research. 8th ed.
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2008.
13. Hassan MM, Ahmed SA, Rahman KA, Biswas TK, Pattern of medical waste
management existing scenario in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. BMC
PublicHealth. 2008 Jan 26; 8:36. Doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-36. Available
from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18221548
14. Patil AD, Shekdar AV. Health-care waste management in India.
J Environ Manage [Internet]. 2001 Oct [cited 2013 Jan 04]; 63(2):211-20.[cited
on dec 2012]. PMID: 11721600. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed.
15. Nemathaga F, Maringa S, Chimuka L. Hospital solid waste management
practices in Limpopo Province, South Africa: a case study of two hospitals.
Waste Manag [Internet]. 2008[Cited 2013 Jan 03]; 28(7): 1236-45. Epub 2007
Dec 3.Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18060760.
16. Gayathri V Patil, Kamala Pokhrel. Biomedical solid waste management in an
Indian hospital a case study. Eu pubmed central. 2005[cited 2013 Jan];
25(6):592-99. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2004.07.011
17. Aggarwal V, Seth A, Chandra J, Gupta R, Kumar P, Dutta AK. Occupational
exposure to human immunodeficiency virus in health care providers: a
retrospective analysis. Indian J Community Med. 2012 Jan; 37(1): 45-9. Doi:
20 10.4103/0970-0218.94024. PMID: 22529540. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=PMC3326807.
18. Anagaw B, Shiferaw Y, Anagaw B, Belyhun Y, Erku W, Biadgelegn F, et al.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among medical waste handlers at
Gondar town Health institutions, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2012 Jan
22; 5:55. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-55. PMID: 22264306. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22264306
19. Pandit NB, Mehta HK, Kartha GP, Choudhary SK. Management of bio-
medical waste: awareness and practices in a district of Gujarat: Indian J
Public Health. 2005 Oct-Dec; 49(4): 245-7. PMID:16479910.Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16479910
20. Mohd Shafee, NB Kasturwar, N Nirupama. Study of Knowledge, Attitude and
Practices Regarding Biomedical Waste among Paramedical Workers. Indian J
Community Med. 2010 April; 35(2): 369–70. PMCID: PMC2940212.Available
from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2940212/.
21. Narang RS, Manchanda A, Singh S, Verma N, Padda S. Awareness of
biomedical waste management among dental professionals and auxiliary staff in
Amritsar, India. Oral Health Dent Manag [Internet] . 2012 Dec [Cited 2013 Dec];
11(4):162-9. Pub Med PMID: 23208592. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23208592.
22. Masum AP, William Thomas O, Mosharraf HS. Assessment of occupational and
environmental safety associated with medical waste disposal in developing
21 countries: A qualitative approach. Science direct [Cited 2013 Jan]; 49(8-9).
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2011.04.001.
22 9. Signature of the candidate
10. Remark of the guide Employees managing hospital waste faces the risk of fatal health complications. Proposed research work is highly relevant and helps to enhance the knowledge of hospital out-source workers regarding prevention of health Hazards by using safety and hygienic measures.
11.11.1. NAME & DESIGNATION MR.A.E RAMESHA OF GUIDE LECTURER, MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING, GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING, HASSAN. 11.2. SIGNATURE
11.3 CO GUIDE(IF ANY) 11.4 SIGNATURE 11.5. HEAD OF THE SMT. S. DAMAYANTHI DEPARTMENT PRINCIPAL AND HOD MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING, GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING, HASSAN.
11.6. SIGNATURE
11.7. Remark of the principal This study is bonafide and genuine research and helpful to the society. S. DAMAYANTHI Mobile no: 9886506426 Email: [email protected]. 11.8. SIGNATURE
23 ETHICAL COMMITTEE CLEARANCE
1. TITLE OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO ASSISTED DISSERTATION TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING HYGIENE AND SAFETY MEASURES DURING HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AMONG OUT-SOURCE WORKERS AT SRI CHAMARAJENDRA HOSPITAL, HASSAN.
2. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE SANGAMESHWARA AND ADRESS 1st YEAR M Sc NURSING. GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING, HASSAN 3. SUBJECT 1st YEAR M Sc NURSING MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING 4. NAME OF THE GUIDE Mr. A.E RAMESHA LECTURER MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING, HASSAN. APPROVED / NOT APPROVED YES APPROVED (If not approved, suggestions)
Smt. S DAMAYANTHI Mrs. A U JAYAMMA Principal and HOD HOD Medical Surgical Nursing Obstetric & Gynecological Nursing Government college of nursing, Government College of Nursing, Hassan. Hassan.
Mrs. SHOBA DEVAMANE Mrs. ANITHA G K HOD HOD Pediatric Nursing Community Health Nursing Government College of Nursing, Government College of Nursing, Hassan. Hassan. Mr. K V RAVEENDRAKUMAR LAW EXPERT HOD Smt. S DAMAYANTHI Psychiatric Nursing Principal and HOD Government College of Nursing, Medical Surgical Nursing Hassan. Government college of nursing, Hassan.
24