Unit 1 Reading guide Part 1, pp. 7 – 14 1. Define social contract theory. 2. Summarize Hobbes’ view of the state of nature. 3. What does Locke identify as the purpose of government? 4. How did Baron de Montesquieu affect the US form of government? 5. Define: monarchy, totalitarianism, oligarchy, democracy 6. What is political culture? Political ideology? 7. What is political equality? 8. What does American political culture emphasize? 9. Compare/contrast conservative vs. liberal ideology. Part 2, pp. 38 – 54 1. Which English philosopher greatly influenced the Declaration of Independence? What did he say about the “consent of the governed?” 2. What were the Articles of Confederation? What weaknesses made them unworkable? 3. Why was Shay’s rebellion important? 4. What was the Virginia plan? The New Jersey plan? 5. What was the Connecticut (Great) Compromise? The Three Fifths Compromise? 6. What was the purpose of the Electoral College? 7. Explain the process for removing the Chief Executive. 8. What is a federal system of government? What concerns does it address? 9. Define the following: federalism; separation of powers; checks & balances 10. What is outlined in Article I of the Constitution? II? III? 11. Be familiar with the chart on p. 45. How does Madison’s quote “ambition must be made to counteract ambition” apply to the Constitution? 12. Define: necessary & proper clause, implied powers, enumerated powers, full faith & credit clause, supremacy clause 13. Summarize the arguments of the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. 14. Why did the Anti-Federalists want the Bill of Rights included in the Constitution? 15. What were the Federalist Papers? 16. What are formal methods for amending the Constitution? What are informal methods of amending it? Part 3, pp. 90 – 112 1. Define federal, confederate, unitary 2. What powers are exclusive to the national government? Where in the Constitution are they? What are they called? 3. What is the writ of habeas corpus? 4. What is the 10th amendment? What are reserved powers? 5. What are concurrent powers? Give some examples. 6. Define bill of attainder; ex post facto laws 7. What is the privileges and immunities clause? Extradition? Interstate compacts? 8. McCullough v. Maryland: What was the issue? How did the SCOTUS rule? 9. Gibbons v. Ogden: Issue? Ruling? 10. Barron v. Baltimore: Why do you think the court interpreted the Bill of Rights as applying only to the federal government? 11. Define dual federalism. 12. What was the decision in the Dred Scott case? 13. What factors contributed to the gradual increase in the power of the federal government? 14. What did the 17th amendment do? 15. Define cooperative federalism. 16. How did the New Deal programs change the relationship between states and the federal government? 17. What is “New Federalism?” 18. How do categorical and block grants differ? 19. Define unfunded mandate. 20. What is devolution?