Chapter One: the Meeting of Cultures

Unit 1 Study Guide

Every Unit study guide should be a way for you to look over and review major terms, events, people, etc. IF you feel like you need to or want to, you may fill in this study guide, so you will not have to carry around your book. However, it will not be collected and you will not use it on the test. For each term, place, person, event, etc. consider the 5 W’s. (Who, what, when, where, and why? (AND hoW)? In APUSH, the expectation is that you will know the who (was involved), where (they were from), and what (happened), but this course is really about analyzing the WHY AND HOW? So, for example, you should know who the Incas were, where they lived, and what they did. However, the course wants you to pay closer attention to how they developed, or why they became a major empire? Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures

Aztecs (Tenochtitlan)

Tribes of the Far West “third” of what is today the United States

Tribes of the Great Plains of what is today the United States

Tribes of the Eastern “third” of what is today the United States

(Differences between all of the above)

Where on the Map did the Spanish Settle?

Why were they first?

Bubonic plague

Rise of Protestantism / Decline of Holy Roman Empire

The “waves” of exploration and settlement

Conquistadores

 Cortez  Pizarro  Desoto  Columbus

Spanish incentives

Spanish weapons (sword, cross, germs) Crops and livestock

Enconmiendas

St. Augustine and Santa Fe

Different concepts of “slavery” between Africans and Europeans

Groups that controlled the slave trade in different centuries

Where on the map did the English Settle?

Mercantilism

Martin Luther

John Calvin

English Reformation + Henry VIII

*** Defeat of the Spanish Armada ***

English experience in Ireland à Transplantation philosophy in America

Where on the map did the French settle?

Coureurs de bois

Seignuries

Where on the map did the Dutch settle?

Henry Hudson

Patroons

New Amsterdam

Queen Elizabeth: Gilbert, Raleigh and Roanoke

Questions:

Were natives as “primitive” as Europeans believed them to be?

The “moral” question of Columbus? (From purple section of text and Zinn)

What were some of the differences between Spanish, English, Dutch and French settlements?

Chapter Two: The English Transplantations

Four major points, themes from this chapter

Number one:

Compare and Contrast two different “transplantations”

South: Chesapeake Bay Colony (London Company) Jamestown

North: Massachusetts Bay Colony (Massachusetts Bay Company) –

Different places / different people / different incentives = different societies

Was one more successful than the other? Why?

Number two:

The impact of political and religious shifts in England upon the fledgling colonies (aka *“England’s Religious Hurricane”*)

Number three:

In the Northern colonies, what were the positive and negative aspects – as well as effects – of the strictly theocratic society?

Number four:

In the Southern colonies, what were some of the causes and long lasting effects of indentured servitude?

Terms:

Jamestown failures – Starving time

John Smith

“adventurers” “planters” and “indentured servitude” tobacco headright system

Sir William Berkeley

Nathaniel Bacon

The beginnings of slavery: Sugar in the Caribbean

In the Massachusetts Bay region it was two different groups, in two different places -- whereas Jamestown settlers came in different waves in almost the same area. #1 = Scrooby Group, went to Netherlands first

Wanted to break away from Anglican Church

“Saints and Strangers”

Mayflower Compact

First European Thanksgiving in what is today the United States? Cabeza deVaca in Texas?

William Bradford

#2 = Massachusetts Bay Company

No intentions of breaking away from Anglican Church

John Winthrop

Boston

“City upon a Hill” society

Freemen

1634 Elections

Exodus from Massachusetts – WHY? different reasons

*Connecticut – Thomas Hooker defied Mass Bay law established Hartford, later New Haven established… would be more harsh

*Rhode Island – Roger Williams… first government on planet Earth to have a 100% religious tolerance policy… established city of Providence

*Anne Hutchinson – Outspoken woman = deviant

Third colony = Maryland = Catholic (James wanted to appease/get rid of Catholics)

Charles II – New Charters

 Carolinas – two very different parts  New Amsterdam à New York  Pennsylvania: Quakers – William Penn  Georgia: James Oglethorpe and his ideals

Navigation Acts: Why have them? Did they work? Connection to mercantilist philosophy

Chapter 3: Society and Culture in Provincial America This is a chapter that focuses on social circumstances and ideologies more than specific terms. Try to get as much detail as possible as to what life was like living in this atmosphere.

Specifically, what was life like for women in each region? Why?

Specifically, what was life like for a slave in the Early Colonial era? Why black slaves were imported more to the South than to the North?

Stono Rebellion

Why the Witchcraft Phenomenon?

Where were the largest cities? Why?

The Great Awakening

Denominationalism

George Whitefield

Jonathan Edwards

The Enlightenment

Locke, Spinoza, Descartes, Voltaire, Rousseau à Jefferson, Franklin, Madison

*Great Awakening philosophy vs. The Enlightenment philosophy*

Why are these two philosophies opposed to one another?

AND Again, same as Chapter 2, but now with more information.

Compare and Contrast two different “transplantations”

South: Chesapeake Bay Colony (London Company) Jamestown

North: Massachusetts Bay Colony (Massachusetts Bay Company) –

Different places / different people / different incentives = different societies

Was one more successful than the other? Why