Assignment 10 Species Relationships

1. Essay (3 points)

Using the organisms in the sponge community, describe two food chains. Each chain must have at least three organisms in it--when describing each chain, start with the lowest trophic level. One of your food chains must include the sponge.

2. Essay (2 points)

Convert your food chains in question 1 into a food web by adding at least one primary or secondary consumer. Indicate clearly where the new organism fits and how it links the two food chains together.

3. Multiple select (3 points)

Pick three of the following members of the sponge community that are most likely to be primary consumers:

___ tunicate

___ barnacle

___ flatworm

___ fire worm

___ brittlestar

___ nudibranch

___ crab

___ sponge

4. Multiple select (3 points) Pick three of the following members of the sponge community that are most likely to be tertiary consumers: ___ small crustaceans, like the isopod ___ fan worm ___ crab ___ burrowing annelid filter-feeder ___ nudibranch ___ tunicate ___ cnidarian ___ sponge 5. Multiple-choice (1 point)

Which group of animals in the sponge community (if any) can be placed at all three consumer levels? brittlestar crab flatworm tunicate none of these

The next two questions are based on the malaria animation:

6. Essay (2 points) Persons suffering from malaria have repeated attacks of fevers and chills. If the patient is not treated with appropriate drugs, each attack tends to be more severe than the previous one. Write a short essay explaining why this happens.

7. Essay (4 points) There are several examples of parasitic relationships in the life cycle of the protist that causes malaria. Write a short essay that describes two examples of parasitism related to this disease. For each example, indicate how one species benefits and how the other is harmed.

The next question refers to the diagram of the Chinese liver fluke life cycle :

8. Multiple-choice (1 point) The Chinese liver fluke has two intermediate hosts in which larval stages live. The host that releases cercariae into the water is a snail human fish mosquito adult fluke

9. Essay (3 points) We sometimes find nematodes of unknown species in the digestive tract of bluegill that we dissect. Are these worms parasites or commensals? Write a short essay that indicates the difference between these two species relationships. If the nematode is a commensal, what benefit might it derive from living within a fish?

The next question is based on Table 2 : 10. Multiple-choice (1 point) If you had to rank the Ohio parasites in order of prevalence, which species would rank as most prevalent across all five bodies of water?

Posthodiplostomum minimum Proteocephalus ambloplitis Camallanus oxycephalus Spinitectus micracanthus All four species are equally prevalent.

The next two questions are based on Table 3 :

11. Multiple-choice (1 point) What effect(s) besides bleaching occurred when the sea anemones were kept in the dark?

Many of the anemones died. The base of all anemones decreased in size. The "head" of all anemones decreased in size. Both the base and "head" of all anemones decreased in size. The base and "head" of all anemones increased in size.

12. Essay (2 points) From the data in Table 3, it appears that the larger sea anemones may have fared better during the experiment. Write a short essay that explains how you would test this hypothesis. Hint: Would you examine base or head diameter changes? Would you examine absolute or relative (%) changes in diameters?

The last two questions are based on the videos that show life around deep-sea, thermal vents.

13. Multiple-choice (1 point) How do the tube worms that live around deep-sea vents survive?

They perform chemosynthesis. They perform photosynthesis. They eat the nearby shrimp and crabs. They acquire nutrients from symbiotic bacteria. They scrape bacteria from rocks around the vent.

14. Multiple-choice (1 point) How do the shrimp that live around deep-sea vents survive?

They perform chemosynthesis. They perform photosynthesis. They eat the nearby tube worms. They acquire nutrients from symbiotic bacteria. They scrape bacteria from rocks around the vent.