Media Psychology: EDUC 1080 & PSY 1050

Media Psychology: EDUC 1080 & PSY 1050 Spring, 2016 Instructor: Dr. Roger Klein Office Hours: Thursday, 11:00-12:30, or by appointment Office: Posvar Hall 5945 Phone: 648-7043 email: rklein@ pitt.edu

Note: Email is the fastest way to reach me. However, PLEASE put “Media Psychology” in the subject field.

Course Overview: The main purpose of this course is to provide students with an overview of the ways in which the media—primarily electronic media---affect the viewer psychologically. A second purpose is to examine how the science of psychology is presented in the media. An examination will be made of several psychological theories that help to explain media effects. A particular emphasis will be placed upon the following media psychology-related topics: Aggression, advertising, news, portrayals of minorities, emotion, and health behaviors.

Date Topic Jan. 7th Overview. TV as an emotional medium. Media issues, roles of media psychologists. Videos: Tragedy at Sandy Hook, Dr. Phil

Jan.14th Theory, Research and Application II Classical Conditioning and Advertising Videos: BUYology, wolves, John Watson, Katrina

Jan. 21st Theory, Research and Application I Modeling and Operant Conditioning Videos: Super Nanny

Jan. 28th Media violence I: The history Videos: ESPN, Jackass, Penn and Teller, Nightline: Ferguson vs. Strasburger, Supreme Court decision Articles: Fischoff, Huesmann

Note: Take the Implicit Association Test (IAT) for both Race and Age prior to Feb. 44h class. The URL is https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/demo/takeatest.html Click on “proceed” at bottom of the page and various test options will appear.

Feb. 4th Media Violence II

1 Videos: IAT, 20/20: Race and Sex

Watch one local Pittsburgh newscast before class on Feb. 11th

Feb.11th Broadcast News I: Information Processing, Learning Videos: WPXI

Feb. 18th Broadcast News II: Emotion, Risks

Feb.25th The work of Fred Rogers Guest speakers: Ms. Hedda Sharapan, Producer, Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood, & David Newell (Mr. McFeely) Paper # 1 due

Mar. 3rd Media Ethics and Media Psychology Videos: Dr. Drew, Bullying in the Classroom, CBS

March 10th Spring Break

March 17th Hip-Hop Music (student presentation) Paper II Due

March 24th Video Game Violence: The Debate (student presentation) In preparation entire class should read the following articles under “Aggression”: APA resolution (2015), Bushman (2011), Ferguson (2014), & Wofford (2015).

March 31st Sports & Heroes Videos: HBO: Mickey Mantle

April 7th Reality TV (student presentation)

April 14th Future issues in Media Psychology Paper # 3 due

Grading: There are 4 requirements for the course. Three papers (80%), and class attendance/participation (20%). Your typed papers are graded 50% for content and 50% for clarity, style and grammar (unless you are an International student whose native language is not English).

2 Papers: Pick three of the following. For EACH selection write a 9-10 page double-spaced paper, in your own words. Do not use materials that come from any source other than this course. Do not use online materials if they are not listed here. Special Note: For a number of these papers you are asked to interview individuals. Please be sure to read the assigned article(s) prior to your interview(s).

1. Contact a TV news health reporter in any market. Interview her/him after first reading Tanner, A.H., Friedman, D. B., & Zheng, Y. (2015) & Friedman, D. B., Tanner, A., & Rose, I. (2014) under (NEWS). Compare, contrast, & critique, integrating your interview into an analysis of the 2 articles. Note, you may have to contact Tanner and/or Friedman for the interview protocol.

2. Watch 2 Sesame Street broadcasts. Compare what you see with the article by both Fisch et al. (1999) and Mares & Pan (2013). Be sure to evaluate the broadcasts and integrate with the articles.

3. Find someone who regularly uses educational media baby/child products. Interview them and compare/integrate/critique in combination with results from Neuman et al. (2014) and Rideout (2014).

4. Watch a series of 10 TV ads directed at children. Read the Report of the APA Task Force (2004) on advertising and children at http://www.apa.org/pubs/info/reports/advertising- children.aspx Compare the ads watched with the concerns in the report.

5. Select 10 TV ads featuring women. Review the article by Baxter (2015) and combine your findings with what she reports. Compare and contrast.

6. Watch the Dr. Phil show once, and read 2 print/online columns specializing in psychology (e.g., “about com” psychological column, found at http://mentalhealth.about.com/) Summarize the psychological material presented from all 3, (it is understood that the 3 areas covered will not have the same content), and then compare and critique how effectively the psychological material was presented to the public. Turn in the print/internet columns.

7. Watch 2 Prime-Time TV shows that have some degree of minority presence. Record the presence and roles of minority performers. Compare your findings with those discussed in Coulston (2013) and Doubenmier (2014) found under Issues related to Prejudice, Bias, Race.

8. Watch 3 different prime-time shows known for sexually explicit references or content. Compare each with the APA Task Force report on sexualization in girls and then one of the shows with either Yao (2009), Gomiilion (2011), or Samson & Grabe, (2012).

9. Read the articles by Mesoudi (2013), Hoewe (2014), Towers et al. (2015) Schulman (2013), Sisak and Varnick (2012), and Sonneck et al. (1994), under News. Summarize, analyze and critique the material as well as reflect on societal implications based upon your analysis.

3 10. Compare one segment of the cancelled FX comedy “Starved”, on reserve at Hillman, with the article by Dahlgren & Ro (2014), and Fernandez-Arenda et al. (2015), under eating disorders, and the eating disorder articles from the 2009 issues of the Monitor on Psychology at http://www.apa.org/monitor/2009/04/treatments.aspx and http://www.apa.org/monitor/2009/04/weight.aspx

11. Interview a friend about his/her use of the Internet for health information. Then, compare, contrast, critique, and analyze your OWN use of the Internet for health seeking information with your friend-- and Wartella (2015), under “Health”.

12. Interview two adults who are not psychology majors and who regularly watch Prime- Time dramas-- that include references to mental health issues (can be police dramas, etc.) Summarize, compare, & contrast their interpretations of how mental health is portrayed in the dramas with the article by Parrott & Parrott (2015), under Health.

13. Interview 2 late teens/young adults who were cyber-bullied. Compare, contrast and analyze their responses in comparison with Kowalski (2014), and Sampasa-Kanyinga & Hamilton (2015), under “Internet”.

14. Review (analyze, compare, contrast, critique) any 4 of the Facebook articles by Bevan et al. (2012), Deters and Mehl (2012), Drouin (2015), Hudson et al. (2015), Lee-Won et al. (2015), Park & Lee (2014), and Toma & Choi (2015). Select two peers and interview them, in-depth, with regard to any 2 of the articles, and integrate their interviews into your analysis. You are to review 4 articles, but the interviews provide depth for just 2 of them.

15. With a friend watch the TED talk presented by Cuddy (see Novel Interventions). Discuss (subjectively) the implications for you and your friend regarding future job interviews, and other issues that arise in the TED talk, and then analyze, critique, compare and contrast with the articles by Cuddy (2015) and Van Bavel (2013).

16. Find one person who currently smokes and one who uses tanning salons. Interview them about their behavior, and when done summarize the results of the articles (or have them read them) on these topics under Tele-health ---Graham (2015) and Stapleton 2015). Determine if they believe that they would be influenced by the methods in the articles. Be sure to summarize, analyze and critique the tele-health procedures and any other issues that arise.

17. Use the article by George and Odgers (2015) (under Internet) as your knowledge base and interview 2 peers, who regularly use mobile media. Integrate their responses into a full discussion, analysis, critique and comparison with the article.

18. Find two people who reached adulthood prior to 9-11-2001. Interview them about their beliefs as to how/whether intense media coverage may have contributed to negative short and long term psychological/medical reactions to the terrorist attacks. Analyze, compare, & contrast the interviews with the 3 articles by Coyne (2011), as well as the articles by Gigerenzer, (2004) Myers, (2001), Spicer-Brooks (2002) and Waxman (2011).

19. This option is available contingent upon my finding a graduate research mentor, and will be available only to 1 or possibly 2 students who are currently juniors. Design, conduct, and analyze data from a survey. Requires IRB approval. Survey results will be submitted

4 by 12-01-2016 to APA, as a proposed poster session, to the Division of Media Psychology. If accepted--- it is to be presented in Aug. 2017 in Washington, D.C. Student is expected to attend and present at APA. Counts for 2 papers. NOTE: Student will receive a “G” grade until all requirements (prior to presentation, but including full poster) are completed.

20. Two students can deliver the lecture on Hip-Hop/Rap. Counts for 2 papers. Must plan lecture with me, use multi-media, as well as review as part of the lecture, multiple (4-5) hip-hop media research articles.

21. Two students can deliver the lecture on Reality TV on. Counts for 2 papers. Must plan lecture with me, use multi-media, as well as review as part of the lecture multiple (4-5) reality TV research articles.

22. Two-four students can participate in the debate on violent video games. Counts for 2 papers. Must plan lecture with me, use multi-media, as well as review, as part of the debate, a portion of research articles, by category, under Aggression.

23. Compare Bushman and Ferguson on the impact of sex and violence on advertising recall/purchases. Articles under “Advertising”.

24. Interview 3 women who have been exposed to cosmetic surgery advertising. Compare, contrast, & analyze their reactions in light of the results of Ashikali, E., M. et al. (2015, December 14), under Advertising.

READINGS BELOW: The following readings are to be used with the above exercises and selected class lectures.. All journal articles are accessible through Pitt online “e journals” or by using the link provided with the article title. Occasionally, after the semester begins, APA changes a link. The article is still available but you need to go to their website and search.

A few of the articles have statistical and/or methodological designs that go beyond the scope of this class. You are only to summarize articles in terms of the “gist” of the article---not the statistical/methodological aspects.

Addiction:

Demerci, K. et.al. (2015). Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. Journal of Behavioral Addictions 4, 85–92.

Kuss, D. J. (2013). Internet gaming addiction: Current perspectives. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 6, 125-137. Published online 2013 Nov 14. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S39476

Young, K (2009). Internet addiction: Diagnosis and treatment considerations. J Contemporary Psychotherapy 39, 241–246

Advertising:

5 Ashikali, E-M. et al. (2015, December 14). The impact of cosmetic surgery advertising on women’s body image and attitudes towards cosmetic surgery. Psychology of Popular Media Culture. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000099.

Baxter, A. (2015). Faux activism in recent female-empowering advertising. Elon Journal Of Undergraduate Research In Communications, 6, 1-3. Retreived 12-12-2015 from http://www.studentpulse.com/articles/1133/faux-activism-in-recent-female-empowering- advertising

Brocato, D., E., et. al. (2010). Television commercial violence: Potential effects on children. Journal of Advertising, 39, 95-107.

Bushman, B., (2005). Violence and sex in television programs do not sell products in advertisements. Psychological Science, 16, 702-708.

Ferguson, C. J., et al. (2010) Violence and sex as advertising strategies in television commercials. European Psychologist 15, 304-311.

Kunkel,D., et.al. (2004). APA Task Force on Advertising and Children. Retrieved 7-5-05. http://www.apa.org/pubs/info/reports/advertising-children.aspx

Schmidt, S. & Eisand, M. (2015). Advertising repetition: A meta-analysis on effective frequency in advertising. Journal of Advertising, 44, 415-428.

Yoon, H.J. & Kim, Y. (2014). The moderating role of gender identity in responses to comedic violence advertising. Journal of Advertising, 43, 382-396.

Aggression, Violence, Video Games, Cyber-Bullying & Fear:

Video Games DO have an impact:

American Psychological Association. (2015). Resolution on video game violence. Retrieved 12- 12-2015 from http://www.apa.org/about/policy/violent-video-games.aspx

Anderson, C. A., et al. (2010). Violent video game effects on aggression, empathy, and prosocial behavior in Eastern and Western countries: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 151–173.

Boxer et al. (2015). Video games do indeed influence children and adolescents’ aggression, prosocial behavior, and academic performance: A clearer reading of Ferguson (2015). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10, 671-673.

Bushman, B., J. & Anderson C., A. (2015). Understanding causality in the effects of media violence. American Behavioral Scientist, 59, 1807–1821.

Bushman, B., J. (2011). The effects of violent video games. Do they affect our behavior? International Human Press. Retrieved 12-27-2015 from http://ithp.org/articles/violentvideogames.html

6 Huesmann, L., R. (2007) The impact of electronic media violence: Scientific theory and research. Journal of Adolescent Health 41, 6, Supplement #1 S6–S13.

Hummer, T., A. (2015). Media violence effects on brain development: What neuroimaging has revealed and what lies ahead. American Behavioral Scientist, 59, 1790–1806

Ivory, A., H., & Kaestle, Christine E. (2013). The effects of profanity in violent video games on players hostile expectations, aggressive thoughts and feelings, and other responses. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 57, 224-241. DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2013.787078.

Lynch, T., & Martins, N. (2015). Nothing to fear? An analysis of college students fear experiences with video games. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media., 59, 298-317. DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2015.1029128.

Rothstein, H. R., & Bushman, B. J., (2015). Methodological and reporting errors in meta-analytic reviews make other meta-analysts angry: A commentary on Ferguson (2015). Perspectives on Psychological Science September, 10, 677-679.

Yao, M.Z., Mahood, C., & Linz, D. (2010). Sexual priming, gender stereotyping and likelihood to sexually harass: Examining the cognitive effects of playing a sexually explicit video game. Sex Roles, 62, 77-88.

Video Games do NOT have an Impact

Breuer, J., Vogelgesang, J., Quandt, T., & Festl, R. (in press). Violent video games and physical aggression: Evidence for a selection effect among adolescents. Psychology of Popular Media Culture.

Consortium of Scholars. (2013). Scholars’ open statement to the APA Task Force on violent media (delivered to the APA Task Force, 9/26/13). Retrieved 12-28-2015 from http://www.christopherjferguson.com/APA%20Task%20Force%20Comment1.pdf

Engelhardt, C., Mazurek, M., Hilgard, J., Rouder, J., & Bartholow, B. (in press). Effects of violent video game exposure on aggressive behavior, aggressive thought accessibility, and aggressive affect among adults with and without autism spectrum disorder. Psychological Science. Psychological Science OnlineFirst, published on June 25, 2015 as doi:10.1177/0956797615583038. Retrieved 12-27-2015 from http://pcl.missouri.edu/sites/default/files/Engelhardt.etal_.PsySci.2015.pdf

Ferguson, C. J. (2015a). Do angry birds make for angry children? A meta-analysis of video game Influences on children’s and adolescents’ aggression, mental health, prosocial behavior and academic performance. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10, 646-666.

Ferguson, C.J. (2015b). Does movie or videogame violence predict societal violence? It depends on what you look at and when. Journal of Communication, 65, 193-212.

7 Ferguson, C., J. (2015c). A tale of two metas: The video game controversy continues. The Amplifier Magazine, Fall/Winter 2015. Society for Media Psychology and Technology, Division 46 of The American Psychological Association. Retrieved 12-18-2015 from: http://div46amplifier.com/2015/12/18/a-tale-of-two-metas-the-video-game-controversy- continues/

Ferguson, C.J. (2015d). Pay no attention to that data behind the curtain: On angry birds, happy children, scholarly squabbles, publication bias, and why betas rule metas. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10, 683-691.

Ferguson, C.J, and Olson, C., K. (2014). Video game violence use among “vulnerable” populations. The impact of violent video games on delinquency and bullying among children with clinically elevated depression or attention deficit symptoms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 127-136.

Ferguson, C. J. (2014). Are violent video games really to blame? International Human Press (August 3rd 2014). Retrieved 12-027-2015 from: http://ithp.org/articles/areviolentvideogamesbad.html

Ferguson, C.J., (2013). Violent video games and the Supreme Court: Lessons for the scientific community in the wake of Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association. American Psychologist, 68, 57-74. Retrieved 12-12-2015 from http://christopherjferguson.com/SCOTUSPaper.pdf

Glasscock, J. (2014). Contribution of demographics, sociological factors, and media usage to verbal aggressiveness. Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications 26, 92-102.

Granic, I., Lobel, A., & Engels, R. (2014). The benefits of playing video games. American Psychologist, 69, 66–78.

Uncertain about violent video game impact:

Ferguson, C. J., & Konijn, E. A. (2015, January 19). She said/he said: A peaceful debate on video game violence. Psychology of Popular Media Culture. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000064. Retrieved 12-27-2015 from http://christopherjferguson.com/She%20Said %20He%20Said.pdf

Fischoff, S. (1999). Psychology’s quixotic quest for the media-violence connection. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association. Boston. http://www.calstatela.edu/faculty/sfischo/violence.html

Gentile, D. A. (2015). What is a good skeptic to do? The case for skepticism in the media violence discussion. Perspectives on Psychological Science September, 10, 674-676.

8 Markey, P., M. (2015). Finding the middle ground in violent video game research: Lessons from Ferguson (2015). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10, 667–670.

Przybylski, A., K. (2014). Who believes electronic games cause real world aggression? Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking, 17, 228-234.

Valkenburg, P.,M. (2015). The limited informativeness of meta-analyses of media effects. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10, 680-682.

Wofford, T. (2015). APA says video games make you violent, but critics cry bias. Newsweek (Tech and Science), 08/20/2015. Retrieved 12-20-2015 from http://www.newsweek.com/apa- video-games-violence-364394

Children:

Fisch, S., Truglio, R., & Cole, C. (1999). The impact of Sesame Street on preschool children: A review and synthesis of 30 years’ research. Media Psychology, 1, 165-190.

Mares, M. L. & Pan. Z. (2013). Effects of Sesame Street: A meta-analysis of children’s learning. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 34, 140-151.

Neuman, S.B. et al., (2014). Can babies learn to read? A randomized trial of baby media. Journal of Educational Psychology, 106, 815-830.

Rideout, V. (2014). Learning at home: Families’ educational media use in America. The Joan Ganz Clooney Center. Retrieved 12-11-2015 from http://www.joanganzcooneycenter.org/wp- content/uploads/2014/01/jgcc_learningathome.pdf

Eating Disorders:

Fernandez-Aranda et al. (2015). The use of videogames as complementary therapeutic tool for cognitive behavioral therapy in bulimia nervosa patients. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking, 18, 744-751.

Dahlgren, L & Ro (2014). A systematic review of cognitive remediation therapy for anorexia nervosa – development, current state and implications for future research and clinical practice. Journal of Eating Disorders 2014, 2. Retrieved 12-12-2015 from http://www.jeatdisord.com/content/pdf/s40337-014-0026-y.pdf

Health:

9 Parrott, S., & Parrott, C. T. (2015). Law and disorder: The portrayal of mental illness in U.S. crime dramas. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 59, 640-657. DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2015.1093486.

Ruppel E., K. & McKinley, C., J. (2015). Social support and social anxiety in use and perceptions of online mental health resources: Exploring social compensation and enhancement. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking, 18, 462-467.

Wartella, E. et.al. (2015). Teens, health and technology: A national survey. Center on Media and Human Development. School of Communication, Northwestern University. Retrieved 12-12- 2015 from http://cmhd.northwestern.edu/wp- content/uploads/2015/05/1886_1_SOC_ConfReport_TeensHealthTech_051115.pdf

Internet and social media: Blackwell, C., K., Lauricella, A., R. Conway, A., & Wartella, E. (2014). Children and the Internet. Developmental implications of website preferences among 8-12 year old children. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 58 1-20. DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2013.875022

George, M., J. & Odgers, C. L. (2015). Seven fears and the science of how mobile technologies may be influencing adolescents in the digital age. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10, 832–851.

Bevan et al. (2012). Negative emotional and cognitive responses to being unfriended on Facebook: An exploratory study. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 1458-1464.

Byrne, S., Katz, S. J., Lee, T., Linz, D., & McIlrath, M. (2014). Peers, predators, and porn: Pre- dicting parental underestimation of children’s risky online experiences. Journal of Computer- Mediated Communication 19, 215–231. doi:10.1111/jcc4.1204

Deters, F. & Mehl, M. (2012). Does posting Facebook status updates increase or decrease loneliness? An online social networking experiment. Social Psychology and Personality Science, 4, 579-586.

Drouin, M. et al. (2015). Facebook or memory: Which is the real threat to your relationship? Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking, 18, 561-566.

Hudson, M., B. et al (2015). Examining how gender and emoticons influence Facebook jealousy. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking, 18, 87-92.

Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G.W., Schroeder, A. N.& Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin,140, 1073-1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035618

10 Lee-Won, R. et al. (2015). Hooked on Facebook: The role of social anxiety and need for social assurance in problematic use of Facebook. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking, 18, 567-574.

Park, N., & Lee, S.(2014). College students’ motivations for Facebook use and psychological outcomes. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 58, 601-620. DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2014.966355.

Sampassa-Kanyinga, H. & Hamilton, H., A. (2015). Use of social networking sites and risk of cyberbullying victimization: A population-level study of adolescents. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking, 18, 704-710.

Toma, C., L. & Choi, M. (2015). The couple who Facebooks together, stays together: Facebook self-presentation and relationship longevity among college-aged dating couples. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking, 18, 367-372.

Music:

Cundiff, E. (2013). The influence of Rap and Hip-Hop music: An analysis on audience perceptions of misogynistic lyrics. Elon Journal Of Undergraduate Research In Communications, 4, 1-4.

Greitemeyer, T. (2009). Effects of songs with prosocial lyrics on prosocial thoughts, affect, and behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45, 186–190.

Pieschel, S., & Fegers, S. (2015). Violent lyrics= aggressive listeners? Effects of song lyrics and tempo on cognition, affect, and self-reported arousal. Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods and Applications. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864- 1105/a000144

Robinson, C. (2014). Dreams & nightmares: What hip-hop can teach us about Black youth. In the Public Interest. American Psychological Association, May 2014. Retrieved 12-12-2015 from http://www.apa.org/pi/about/newsletter/2014/05/hip-hop.aspx

Wright, C., L., & Craske, M. (2015). Music’s influence on risky sexual behaviors. Examining the cultivation theory. Media Psychology Review, 9. Retrieved 12-12-2015 from http://mprcenter.org/review/musics-influence-on-risky-sexual-behaviors-examining-the- cultivation-theory/

Daredia, K., Zehra, N. & Rasheed, S. (2013). Psychological effects of viewing news channels among adult population of Karachi, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry 2, 24- 32. Retrieved 12-20-2015 from http://www.zu.edu.pk/images/pdf/pjmd/Pakistan%20Journal %20of%20Medicine%20and%20Dentistry%202013,%20Vol%20%202%20(01)%2024-32.pdf

Feinstein, A., Audet, B. & Waknine, E. (2013). Witnessing images of extreme violence: A psychological study of journalists in the newsroom. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

11 Open, 5, 1–7. DOI: 10.1177/2054270414533323. Retrieved 12-20-2015 from http://shr.sagepub.com/content/5/8/2054270414533323.full.pdf+html

Friedman, D. B., Tanner, A., & Rose, I. (2014). Health journalists’ perceptions of their com- munities and implications for the delivery of health information in the news. Journal of Community Health, 39, 378–385

Hoewe, J. (2014). Memory of an outgroup: (Mis)identification of Middle Eastern-looking men in news stories about crime. Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications, 26,161-175.

Lee, A., M. (2013). News audiences revisited. Theorizing the link between audience motivations and news consumption. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 57, 300-317. DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2013.816712.

McNaughton-Cassill, M. E., & Smith., T.S. (2002). My world is OK, but yours is not: Television news, the optimism gap, and stress. Stress & Health 18, 27-33.

Mesoudi, A. (2013). Mass shooting and mass media: Does media coverage of mass shootings inspire copycat crimes? International Human Press, February 11th, Retrieved 12-27-2015 from http://ithp.org/articles/mediacopycatshootings.html

Schulman, A., N. (2013). What mass killers want—and how to stop them. The Wall Street Journal, 10-08-2013, The Saturday Essay. Retrieved 12-27-2015 from http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303309504579181702252120052

Sisak, M & Varnik, A. (2012). Media roles in suicide prevention: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9, 123-138. Retrieved 12- 27-2015 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3315075/

Sonneck, G. et al. (1994). Imitative suicide on the Viennese subway. Social Science and Medicine, 38, 453-457.

Tanner, A.H., Friedman, D. B., & Zheng, Y. (2015). Influences on the construction of health news: The reporting practices of local television news health journalists. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 59, 359-376. DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2015.1029123.

Tewksbury, D., & Riles, J. M. (2015). Polarization as a function of citizen predispositions and exposure to news on the Internet. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 59, 381-398. DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2015.1054996.

Towers S, et al. (2015). Contagion in mass killings and school shootings. PLoS ONE 10, (7) e0117259. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117259. Retrieved 12-27-2015 from http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action? uri=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0117259&representation=PDF

Novel Interventions: Power Posing:

12 Cuddy, A., J., C. (2012). Your body language shapes who you are. TED talk, June, 2012. Retreived 12-12-2015 from https://www.ted.com/talks/amy_cuddy_your_body_language_shapes_who_you_are?language=en

Cuddy, A. J.,C., Wilmuth, C. A.; Yap, A.J. & Carney, D. R. (2015). Preparatory power posing affects nonverbal presence and job interview performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100, 1286-1295.

Van Bavel. J. (2013). The dark side of power posing: Cape or kryptonite? Scientific American, Nov. 21. Retrieved 12-12-2015 from http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/mind-guest-blog/the- dark-side-of-power-posing-cape-or-kryptonite/

Issues related to Prejudice, Bias, Race, & Ethnicity:

Bond, B. J., & Compton, B. L. (2015). Gay on-screen. The relationship between exposure to gay characters on television and heterosexual audiences’ endorsement of gay equality. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 59, 717-732. DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2015.1093485.

Colston, C.,E.(2013). Seeing the unseen: Underrepresented groups in prime-time television. (2013). Senior Honors Theses. Paper 331. Eastern Michigan University. Retreived 12-12-2015 from http://commons.emich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1330&context=honors

Doubenmier, D.,R. (2014) The portrayal of interracial relationships on television programs for teens. Pepperdine Journal of Communication Research, 2. Retreived 12-12-2015 from http://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=pjcr

Schmidt, A., & Coe, K. (2014). Old and new forms of racial bias in mediated sports commentary. The case of the National Football League draft. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 58, 655-670. DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2014.966364.

9-11 and Terrorism

Coyne, J.C. (2011a). September 11, 2001: Did Americans suffer virtual trauma from television coverage? Psychology Today, The Skeptical Sleuth, Posted 9-2-2011. Retrieved 12-12-2015 from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-skeptical-sleuth/201109/september-11-2001-did- americans-suffer-virtual-trauma-television

Coyne, J.C. (2011b). After 9/11: The mental health crisis that never came. Psychology Today, The Skeptical Sleuth, Posted 9-06-2011. Retrieved 12-12-2015 from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-skeptical-sleuth/201109/after-911-the-mental-health- crisis-never-came

Coyne, J.C. (2011c). Was there an epidemic of heart problems after 9/11/2001? Psychology Today, The Skeptical Sleuth, Posted 9-09-2011. Retrieved 12-12-2015 from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-skeptical-sleuth/201109/was-there-us-epidemic- heart-problems-after-9112001

13 Gigerenzer, G. (2004). Dread risk, September 11, and fatal traffic accidents. Psychological Science, 15, 286-287.

Myers, D. (2001). Do we fear the right things? American Psychological Society Observer, 14, 3. http://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/1201/prescol.html

Spicer-Brooks, M. (2002). The psychological impact of terrorism coverage: Creating a Prozac nation? http://www.poynter.org/dg.lts/id.4700/content.content_view.html

Waxman, D. (2011). Living with terror, not living in terror: The impact of chronic terrorism on Israeli society. Perspectives on Terrorism, 5. Retrieved 12-12-2015 from: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/living-with-terror/html

Sexual Identity and Behavior:

American Psychological Association (2007). American Psychological Association Task Force on sexualization of girls. Retrieved 5-07. http://www.apa.org/pi/wpo/sexualization.html

Gomiilion, S., C., & Giuliano, T., A. (2011). The influence of media role models on gay, lesbian, and bisexual identity. Journal of Homosexuality, 58, 330–354.

Samson, L., & Grabe, M.,E. (2012). Media use and the sexual propensities of emerging adults. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56, 280-298. DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2012.678512.

Sports:

Hall, Alice E. (2015). Entertainment oriented gratifications of sports media. Contributors to suspense, hedonic enjoyment and appreciation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 59, 259-277. DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2015.1029124.

Nylund, D. (2004). When in Rome: Heterosexism, homophobia, and sports talk radio. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 28, 136–168.

Telehealth:

Borelli, B. & Ritterband, L, M. (2015). Introduction: Special issue on eHealth and mHealth: Challenges and future directions for assessment, treatment, and dissemination. Health Psychology, 34, Supplement, 1205–1208

Ebert, D., D., et al. (2015). Restoring depleted resources: Efficacy and mechanisms of change of an Internet-based unguided recovery training for better sleep and psychological detachment from work. Health Psychology, 34, Supplement, 1240–1251.

Graham, A. L., et al. (2015). Use of an online smoking cessation community promotes abstinence: Results of propensity score weighting. Health Psychology, 34, Supplement, 1286– 1295.

14 Stapleton, J. L. et al. (2015). Randomized controlled trial of a Web-Based indoor tanning intervention: Acceptability and preliminary outcomes. Health Psychology, 34, Supplement, 1278–1285.

Special Needs Students: If you have a disability for which you are or may be requesting an accommodation, you are encouraged to contact me and the Disability Resources and Services, 216 William Pitt Union, 412 648-7890/412 383-7355 (TTY), as early as possible in the term. DRS will verify your disability and determine reasonable accommodations for this course.

Please feel free to discuss any concerns that you might have.