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Arun Joshi As an Adept in Effecting a Focus on the Predicament of Modern Man, Especially His Alienated Self in the Contemporary Indian Milieu: an Appraisal

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Arun Joshi As an Adept in Effecting a Focus on the Predicament of Modern Man, Especially His Alienated Self in the Contemporary Indian Milieu: an Appraisal © June 2019 | IJIRT | Volume 6 Issue 1 | ISSN: 2349-6002 Arun Joshi as an Adept in Effecting a Focus on the Predicament of Modern Man, Especially His Alienated Self in the Contemporary Indian Milieu: An Appraisal DR. C.Ramya M.B.A, M.A, M.Phil, Ph.D, Asst.Professor, Department of English, E.M.G. Yadava College for Women, MADURAI – 625 014, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract- The paper aims at delineating the predicament become an integral part of Indian reality thereby of modern man, in Arun Joshi’s novels. He is one of the showing full cognizance of the changing facets of supreme novelists, his journey of fictional works is Indian Life. based on the sense of alienation and existential One of the avowed objectives of Indo-Anglian predicament. Arun Joshi has successfully revealed the writers of fiction is the creative interpretations of subtleties and complexities of contemporary Indian milieu through his writings. scenes and situations, men and matters in India. Every culture has its own image, consequently the Index Terms- Self-alienation, Self-realization, artistic endeavour to project it has its positive value. inscrutable, impermanence, discrepancy, rootlessness, Culture is reflected in the modes of life of people, social fabric their thought processes, their innermost urges and I. INTRODUCTION longings, their fulfillments and frustrations. It signified certain innate compulsions peculiar to the What is commonly held is that fiction transmutes the way of life of a community. Certain modes and ways facts of life. The Novel, as a literary genre, is new to of feeling became characteristic of the psyche of a India. Epics, lyrics, dramas, short stories and fables people and formed part of their cultural pattern. have their more respectable ancestors. There were, of These cultural patterns developed through a process course, isolated marvels like Bana‟s Kadambari and of individualities and enabled the people to evolve Subandhu‟s Vasavadatta. The development of the their identity. Writers wished to give an Indian novel in English can be traced from its individualistic expression to those urges which issued experimental stage to realistic to psychological. The from their cultural consciousness. Though human real beginning of the novel was with the work of the experience was universal, it grew out of a specific, great Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (1838-1894), unified, homogeneous cultural pattern. Indian writers whose first published work Rajmohan’s Wife (1864) in English were, thus, invariably involved in was in English. The sad plight of the widow in the formulating and projecting the Indian image. Hindu society was to prove a recurrent motif in The Indian novel in English gained its form, content Indian fiction. Ramesh Chandra Dutt‟s The Lake of and respectability at the hands of “The Big Three” of Palms (1909) is the study of the social life in Bengal. the Indo-Anglian fiction namely Mulk Raj Anand, S.K.Ghosh‟s The Prince of Destiny : The New R.K.Narayan and Raja Rao. Anand‟s novels are Krishna (1909) portrays a union of the highest ideals poems of suffering portraying impassionately the of the East and the West. Ahmed Ali‟s Twilight in inequality, poverty and exploitation of characters Delhi (1940) is a picture of Muslim Life in modern who were real individuals, lovable, thwarted, Delhi. Kumara Guru‟s fictional studies are a mild sometimes grand, sometimes weak and thoroughly protest against the Westernization of the soul of India Indian. R.K.Narayan, the most prolific among the that is now in progress. Kumara Guru‟s fiction is an three, did not leave any field out of his novels and extraordinary blend of social criticism and special they were as varied as business, education, money- pleading. Thus, the Indian novel in English has now lending, journalism, sweet making and painting. The IJIRT 148153 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 381 © June 2019 | IJIRT | Volume 6 Issue 1 | ISSN: 2349-6002 typical protagonist of R.K.Narayan began as a fallen situations, limit situations and crisis angel and came through the quest of truth, evolving situations; death consciousness and the gradually the necessary vision. Raja Rao‟s works need to defend oneself against it; the victim were marked by his philosophy, intricate reflections hero who creates his own values from within” (P 81). on life and spirituality. Raja Rao‟s The Serpent and the Rope emerged as a richly ambiguous novel where Arun Joshi could be considered as a pioneer of sort varied layers of experience sublimated into a vision who dared to experiment with a foreign philosophy in of life. The novel was considered as a potent the Indian context. As an outstanding novelist of response to the promise or threat of cultural collision. human predicament, Joshi brought out four novels so The great masters were followed by a host of such far. 1. The Foreigner (1968), 2.The Strange Case of punishment writers as Bhabani Bhattacharya, Billy Biswas, (1971), 3.The Apprentice (1974) and Manohar Malgonkar, Kamala Markandaya, Ruth 4.The Last Labyrinth (1980). These novels form a Prawer Jhabvala, Khushwant Singh. These novelists sort of “corporate cluster” and they are “quest not only enriched the fictional world with their quarters” (Prasad 25). The very first novel The contributions but also gave stability and prestige to Foreigner evoked the central theme of a foreigner, a the Indo-Anglian fiction. Referring to the fiction of man without roots, suffering from loneliness, anxiety recent writers, K.R.Srinivasa Iyengar commented and alienation. The subsequent novels were in fact, thus: “They have given ample evidence of vitality, extensions of the previous themes. The focus of Arun variety, humanity and artistic integrity” (P 518). Joshi was on the predicament of modern man in The arrival of Nayantara Saghal, Anita Desai and contemporary Indian milieu. Arun Joshi marked a new phase in the Indo-Anglian Born in 1939, Arun Joshi had a brilliant academic fiction. The Indian novels in English seemed to move career. He obtained an Engineering degree from the away from the traditional fields and caught up with University of Kansas and a degree of Industrial the modern western novels. The camera eye of the Management from M.I.T, Cambridge, Massachusetts. novelist now got shifted from the outer world to the For a brief period in 1957, he worked at a mental inner recesses of the mind and heart. Arun Joshi, one hospital in the United States. After returning to India of the modern Indian novelists in English in surge of in 1962, he joined D.C.M. in a managerial capacity new themes had “renounced the larger world in on the recruitment and training side. Joshi came favour of the inner man by engaging himself in a from an enlightened family. His father, an eminent surge for the essence of human living” (P 124). The botanist, was Vice-Chancellor of Punjab University post-independent writers like Anita Desai and Arun and later of Benares Hindu University. He got Joshi focused their attention for the first time on the married in 1964 and had three children, two girls and inner psyche of men and women. The emphasis has one boy. His wife Rukmani, an entrepreneur herself”, certainly shifted from the socio-political has a respect for writers and understands them” environments to the minds of the characters. It is (Mathai 8). possible to trace existential tendencies in these As known to me and all, in the modern age, man novelists. Existentialism is an anti-intellectual suffers not only from war, persecution, famine and philosophy of life holding that man is free and ruin, but also from an inner problem, a conviction of responsible. According to Ruby Chatterji, isolation, randomness and meaninglessness in his existentialist literature tended to emphasize the way of existence. Even the great genius is necessity following recurring themes: moulded by culture, ideals, mental and moral tendencies of the society into which the writer is born “Man alienated from an absurd world: and the character of what he produces is therefore to the individual estranged from society; a larger extent determined by these. In this sense, one the individual‟s isolation and subjectivity, has to regard every writer as a product of his time. his guilt, his struggles to distinguish Arun Joshi, influenced by the problem of the self, between inauthentic and authentic selves; deals with the theme of alienation in his fictional his assertion of personal freedom through world. No doubt, Arun Joshi is good at bringing out irrevocable choice, particularly in extreme in all his novels the inner crisis of modern man. A IJIRT 148153 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 382 © June 2019 | IJIRT | Volume 6 Issue 1 | ISSN: 2349-6002 certain awareness of man‟s rootlessness and the establish a tenuous relation among different solutions consequential loneliness and anxiety is the key note put forth by him but there is no progression of of Joshi‟s unique vision of the predicament of thought from novel to novel” (P 62). modern man in contemporary Indo-English fiction. Reading The Foreigner is not a smooth experience. Quite honestly speaking, Arun Joshi has tried to Instead, to read this novel is to be emotionally present in his novels solutions to problems arising out disturbed. The hero of the novel, Sindi Oberi, like the of one‟s awareness of the purpose of meaning of life. other heroes of Joshi, is a lonely misfit in the world The source of Joshi‟s novels is nothing but actual life in which he has to exist and face the meaningless of – experience‟ and he feels a need to shape his existence. Though he is not religious or saintly, he is experiences and a need to discover the reality which human enough to learn lessons taught to him by life‟s lies hidden in the actuality of his own life.
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