Facts About the Eyebrows and Lashes

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy

Diploma in Indian Head Massage

Practitioner’s Training Manual

W: www.wsbht.co.uk E: [email protected] T: 01793 73 77 33 M: 07824 337333

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 2 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © CONTENTS

1. Aims & Objectives

2. Course Details

3. Introduction to Indian Head Massage

4. Hygiene, Health & Safety

5. Professional Ethics & Standards of Practice

6. Massage Benefits, Mediums & Movements

7. Client Consultation

8. Contra-Indications

9. Contra-Actions

10. Aftercare

11. Equipment & Products

12. Storage & Insurance

13. Massage Routine

14. Chakras

15. What Happens Next?

16. Contact Details & Recommended Reading

17. Self Assessment

18. Notes

19. Accreditation

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 3 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © 1. AIMS & OBJECTIVES

AIMS The aim of this manual is to teach students the basics of health and safety, the background, benefits, treatments, consultation, contra-indications, contra-actions, aftercare, equipment and products needed. The student will also learn the movements and techniques required to perform a professional treatment during the practical sessions.

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this course are that by the end it the student will be able to perform a professional treatment in a safe and hygienic manner in a commercially acceptable time, along with experience of carrying out a consultation with the knowledge of the background, benefits, consultation, contra-indications, contra-actions, aftercare, equipment and products needed.

WSHBT advise you to read this training manual thoroughly along with other research before you take part in your practical session.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 4 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © 2. COURSE DETAILS

During this course you will learn how to perform a professional Indian Head Massage treatment.

You will learn how to:  prepare the treatment area  prepare the client for treatment  carry out a client consultation  carry out an Indian Head Massage  provide aftercare advice.

You will also study:  the history and philosophy behind Indian Head Massage  benefits of the treatment  massage movements  client consultation  contra-indications  contra-actions  aftercare.

Once you have successfully completed, you will receive The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy Diploma in Indian Head Massage, accredited by The Guild of Holistic Therapists.

Good luck and enjoy!

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 5 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © 3. INDIAN HEAD MASSAGE INTRODUCTION

The History of Indian Head Massage

As the name suggests, Indian Head Massage (IHM) has its origins in India and dates back over 5000 years. Originally used as a grooming technique in India, it has developed in the West to be a popular complementary therapy used by many for many different reasons. It can be performed anywhere as it can be applied through the clothes.

The treatment was brought from India to Britain in 1973 by an osteopath and massage therapist, Narendra Mehta, who was studying physiotherapy. He discovered that massages in Britain did not involve the head and consequently returned to India in 1978 to research the physiological benefits of IHM. Studying IHM and recording the skills used, Mehta developed the treatment to suit Western tastes. He named this treatment “Indian Champissage” from the Indian word “Champi” meaning “head massage”. Both Indian Head Massage and Champissage are used today.

In the West, IHM has evolved as part of a stress management programme and incorporates pleasant smelling oils massaged into the neck and shoulders, as well as the back, arms, scalp and face.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 6 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © Benefits of an Indian Head Massage

Apart from the pampering aspect of the treatment, massage has many physiological and emotional benefits. IHM is known to:

 improve blood flow to the head and neck  improve lymphatic drainage  relieve muscular tensions  relieve physical and emotional stress  improve joint mobility  promote deep relaxation  help improve muscle tone  help relieve eyestrain  help relieve deep congestion in the head  relieve stress and anxiety  create a feeling of balance and well-being.

The majority of people only worry about their hair's health when it starts to look dry or thinning. When the body is subjected to ill health or stress, the hair is often affected and can become dry. Healthy hair should be promoted from childhood with the help of regular massage, and Indian women use oils such as coconut or almond to help nourish the hair and to keep its shiny appearance.

How Often Should We Have An IHM?

This will depend on the client and the reason for treating. Some conditions respond well after one or two treatments. It is advisable to have an IHM treatment once a month as a preventative measure.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 7 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © 4. HYGIENE, HEALTH & SAFETY

Maintaining a high standard of hygiene is essential. Not only from a health and safety perspective, but clients will not return if the salon, treatment area, or equipment are not clean.

It is a legal requirement for employers to display an approved health and safety poster or to supply employees with an equivalent leaflet or information.

It is recommended that you get copies of the following from your local council:

 Health and Safety in the Workplace  Trade Descriptions Act  Data Protection Act  Sales of Goods Act  COSSH Regulations and Risk Assessment (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health)  Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1982  The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992  The Workplace Regulations 1992  The Manual Handling Regulations 1992  The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992  The Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992  The Electricity at Work Regulations 1992  Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981  RIDDOR – The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases & Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995  Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997  Consumer Protection Act 1987.

All businesses are required by law to comply with the following health and safety acts, which are monitored and managed by The Health & Safety Executive (HSE) www.hse.gov.uk

 Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 This protects your rights either as an employer or employee. The law states that the employer must provide a safe working environment, provide health and safety training for staff, produce a written policy of the company’s health and safety policy, and ensure that anyone on their premises is not exposed to any health or safety risks.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 8 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual ©  Trade Descriptions Act 1972 This act is particularly relevant to therapists as it relates to how the goods or services are described in any kind of advertising or promotional material. The act makes it illegal to mislead the public in any way or make any false claims about what you are able to do.

 Data Protection Act 1984 This is only relevant if you are storing information about your clients on a computer. If so, you must register your business on the Data Protection register.

 Sale of Goods Act 1994 This act protects your clients’ rights by insisting that any goods or services sold must be of a satisfactory standard, be suitable for the purpose described, accurately described, and provided in a reasonable time and for a reasonable price.

 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Act (COSHH) 1989 This act provides guidance on dealing with chemical substances that could enter the body and cause skin irritations, allergies, burns etc.

 Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1982 The local authority is responsible for registering and licensing any businesses where invasive treatments, i.e. body piercing, epilation, acupuncture take place on the premises. This is to ensure that all equipment is sterilised, only fully qualified therapists are carrying out the treatments, waste products (especially needles) are disposed of correctly.

 The Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1992 This act outlines the responsibilities of the owner/manager of the business to protect the well-being of all who visit the premises, to keep a record of all checks they have made and also of any first aid treatments carried out on their premises.

 The Workplace Regulations 1992 These regulations govern the appearance of all parts of the workplace, not just the treatment rooms. This would include suitable toilet facilities which are kept clean and tidy with adequate soap, towels, hot & cold running water etc. Proper ventilation, the areas are well lit, the area is at a comfortable temperature, is clear of all waste material (keep the walk ways clear of clutter), has up to date fire fighting equipment, has drinking water available.

 The Manual Handling Regulations 1992 This relates to the appropriate posture when lifting to reduce the risk of injury and to safely carry out manual tasks required in the workplace.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 9 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual ©  The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 This act requires you to provide the correct safety/protective equipment to carry out a particular task.

 The Health & Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 These regulations are relevant to anyone using a computer and require you to get regular eye tests, take regular breaks, and use the correct height adjusted chair.

 The Electricity at Work Regulations 1992 This governs the use of electrical equipment in the workplace and ensures that any equipment is checked at least once a year by a qualified electrician. Any faulty equipment is removed from service, and written records are kept should an inspector wish to see them.

 Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981 No matter how small your business is there must be first aid treatment available should an injury take place.

 RIDDOR – The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases & Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 This outlines the correct procedure to adopt if a workplace accident occurs. An accident book is a must.

 Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997 This ensures that the safety of all those present is considered and planned for should a fire take place.

 Consumer Protection Act 1987 This is designed to look after your clients’ interests and protect them from any product deemed unsafe.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 10 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © Salon/Treatment Area Hygiene

 Clean the salon thoroughly, daily.  Clean the treatment area before and after every client.  Use clean fresh smelling towels for each client, (dirty linen must be laundered at a minimum of 60◦C).  Creams, lotion and sprays should be dispensed from purpose-specific pump or spray bottles where possible, otherwise use a clean disposable spatula to remove products from bottles/jars.  Replace all lids after removing products from the bottles/jars.  Sterilise all tools.  Empty bins and dispose of contents accordingly.  Check all the plugs and wires on electrical equipment and make sure they conform to British Standards, and are professionally checked annually.  Make sure all fire exits are clear and accessible.  Make sure your client’s personal belongings are safe.  Protect client’s clothing by using towels. The towels may also be used to preserve the client’s modesty during the treatment.  Read all labels and follow all manufacturer’s instructions.  Know the hazardous warning signs.  Store products safely and in accordance with safety data sheets.  Report any faulty equipment/goods to your supervisor or supplier.  Have a first aid kit that complies with the Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 11 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © 5. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS & STANDARDS OF PRACTICE

A Therapist should:

 maintain the highest standard of professional conduct.  provide services in an ethical and professional manner in relation to clientele, business associates, health care professionals and the public.  practice within the professional boundaries of the practitioners training.  ensure client comfort and safety.  protect client privacy.  respect client confidentiality.  maintain anonymity of the client when discussing the client’s case with other professionals, unless written consent is obtained.  have adequate professional insurance.  never claim to cure a condition.  never treat a client with a condition that is contra-indicated to the treatment.  keep all records of treatments complete and up to date.  explain the treatment and answer any questions and queries prior to carrying out the treatment on the client.  never treat a minor or disabled person without prior consent from a parent or carer.  treat all clients in a professional manner at all times regardless of their colour, sex or religion.  refer clients to other professionals/GP where required.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 12 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © Standards of Practice

The practice of good ethics is essential to the reputation of the field of beauty therapists and the welfare of the clients and practitioners of the therapies. The following is a statement of standards and ethics for therapists, including standards of ethical and proper behaviour.

A Therapist should:

 conduct herself/himself in a professional, honest, and ethical manner.  promote professionalism.  establish goals with each client and evaluate the outcome at the end of each session.  promote the therapies within the community.  promote therapies with healthcare professionals and other practitioners.  truthfully and accurately represent their credentials, qualifications, education, experience, training and competence relevant to the practice.  maintain confidentiality of the client.  undertake continual professional development to enhance their skills.

A Therapist will:

 take a full medical history on the client's first visit.  discuss and record any health problems, contra-indications, symptoms or diagnosis from a conventional medical practitioner.  use this information to decide whether treatment is suitable for the client.  explain the treatment to the client.  give a full and professional treatment.  give full and correct aftercare advice.  write up full details of the treatment on the client's record card.  on the client's next visit, discuss and record any changes that they may have noticed in their symptoms.  refer the client to their GP if necessary.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 13 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © Skills and Personal Qualities

A Therapist should:

 be comfortable touching people.  be a good communicator, able to explain treatments to clients and ask appropriate questions.  have good listening skills.  be able to make clients feel relaxed and comfortable.  have empathy with clients.  be able to respect professional boundaries.  know when to advise clients to seek conventional medical advice.  keep accurate written records.  respect confidentiality.  have business skills if they are self-employed.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 14 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © 6. MASSAGE BENEFITS, MEDIUMS & MOVEMENTS

BENEFITS OF MASSAGE

The shoulders, neck and head can hold a great deal of tension and pain. Carrying heavy loads and typing at the computer would be common examples. An IHM can relax a person and relieve pain in the body.

Massage will:

 stimulate blood circulation, bringing essential nutrients to the area  provide pain relief and a reduction of muscle tension  remove waste products  exfoliate the skin and add moisture from the medium  improve skin colour  aid joint mobility  help keep the skin soft and supple aided by massage mediums  relax the client.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 15 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © MASSAGE MEDIUMS

Massage mediums are products used to allow the smooth flow of movements over the skin during the massage. The medium chosen depends on the client's skin type, the reason for massage and the client's requirements. In IHM we usually use oil.

Almond oil – Being high in nutrients, this oil has a warming effect on the body and is useful for stimulating hair growth. It also helps to reduce muscular pain and tightness.

Sesame oil – High in minerals and iron. This helps to nourish and protect the hair. It is excellent for dry skin and hair. It can also help to reduce swellings and alleviate muscular pain.

Mustard oil – One of the most popular oils used in North West India. The smell is pungent and its effects are very warming on the body. Mustard oil can break down congestion and swelling in tense muscles and help relieve pain.

Coconut oil – Very moisturising on the skin and hair. It also helps relieve inflammation and can be useful for dry, brittle hair and hair that has become lifeless due to chemical and physical stress.

Olive oil – Has a strong smell and increases heat in the body, which can help reduce swellings.

Jasmine oil – Has a very pleasant smell which increases body heat and moisturises the skin.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 16 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © MASSAGE MOVEMENTS

The following massage movements are the most common used in an IHM.

Effleurage This movement is performed with light even pressure, in a rhythmical, continuous way. The pressure can be varied according to the underlying structures and muscle bulk but should never be very heavy. This movement will prepare the tissues for deeper massage and link up individual manipulations. Effleurage is used at the beginning and end of the massage routine and is also known as the linking movement.

You use the palmar surface of the hand, which contours round the shape of the body, using even pressure and a good rhythm.

The effects of the effleurage movement are as follows:  relaxes the muscles  increases the blood circulation, which improves the skin temperature, therefore improving the colour  increases the lymphatic circulation, which will aid the absorption of waste products  aids desquamation, which helps to remove dead skin cells  aids relaxation  prepares the muscles for further treatment  relaxes contracted, tense muscle fibres.

Petrissage Petrissage is deeper than effleurage and is only performed on warm, relaxed muscle tissue.

The movement may be performed with the palmar surface or the fingers or thumbs. The movement must be performed slowly and rhythmically. The pressure must be increased or reduced according to muscle bulk and the degree of tension.

The effects of the movement are as follows:  The skin is stimulated, improving cellular functions and regeneration.  Increases the blood circulation, which improves the skin temperature therefore improving the colour.  Increases the lymphatic circulation, which will aid the absorption of waste products.  Aids desquamation, which helps to remove dead skin cells  Larger contracted muscles are relaxed.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 17 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual ©  Muscle tone is improved through compression and relaxation of the muscle fibres.

Frictions This is done with the cushion part of the fingers or the palm of the hand. Friction is always followed by effleurage, which soothes the area, and is ideal for removing toxins and loosening hardened tissue around joints and tendons. It is extremely useful carried out in circular motions, usually clockwise, with several circular motions being used before the thumb is moved on to another area.

Friction is carried out using a firm movement and moves the skin over the underlying tissue.

The effects of the movement are as follows:  releases harmful toxins, which may have built up in the body  loosens hardened tissues around joints and tendons  breaks down and removes unwanted deposits.

Tapotement Tapotement is a technique that involves a percussion movement such as cupping, tapping, hacking and pounding.

Tapotement is a stimulating manipulation that operates through the response of the nerves. The strongest effect of tapotement is due to the response of the tendon reflexes. The hands should be kept close to the body, no more than one inch from the body. The movement should be rapid, light, sharp and springy, with the hands loose at the wrists. The forearm muscles contract and relax in rapid succession to move the elbow joint into flexion and then allow it to quickly release.

The effects of the movement are as follows:  increases circulation  stimulates the skin and muscle reflexes  helps create the desired effect of a massage.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 18 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © 7. CLIENT CONSULTATION

A consultation is a one-to-one talk with your client. Here you will find out very important and confidential information that will help you to advise and give clients the best treatment.

Always introduce yourself to your client. The consultation is often carried out in the room in which you are working and should be carried out before the client gets undressed in case there is any reason that they cannot be treated.

There are three skills required as part of the consultation:

1. Observation - what can you observe about the client? Are they nervous, extrovert, holding their body in such a way that might give indications for treatments, poor posture etc? 2. Verbal Questioning – gain the information required. 3. Physical Examination – what can you physically see and feel on the client? This third part is only carried out once you have assessed that, so far, the client is suitable for treatment.

Approximately 15 minutes should be allocated to carry out the initial consultation. Ideally you should be sitting face to face or next to your client to create an open atmosphere. Avoid barriers such as a couch or a table coming between you.

Holistic treatments treat the individual as a whole, taking into consideration general well-being, i.e. health, emotional, physical and mental states. You need to explain carefully to the client why you are carrying out a consultation.

Use open questions to tactfully encourage the client to give you information that you need rather than interrogating them and asking lots of direct and often personal questions. Use the record card as a prompt rather than a list to tick off.

Record Keeping

Records must be maintained for a number of reasons:  They provide contact details in case you have to alter or cancel an appointment.  So that you can monitor the client’s progression.  To track any aftercare advice that you have given the client.  As a backup in case the client has an adverse reaction to a treatment.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 19 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual ©  Another therapist should be aware of what treatments and products the client has had.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 20 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © Important Information

The following information should be recorded for all clients:

 Personal details: Full name, address, contact number, GP’s name and address.

 A detailed medical background including: Specific contra-indications These should be noted accordingly. You will probably find as you go through that the client will lead you rather than you having to read off a list, as this can be quite unnerving for the client. Medication What medication are they taking and for what condition? If a client is taking medication it will give you clues to their health. Are they consulting a GP on a regular basis or under a consultant and if so for what condition? If so you may need to check further their suitability for treatment. Have they had recent surgery? You will need to consider scar tissue, and there may be post-operative precautions you need to take. Many people find it takes a while to get anaesthetic out of their system and may feel low. Life changing illnesses Includes: arthritis, cancer, any disablement, AIDS, epilepsy, diabetes, stroke and depression. Accidents What implications do these have? Have they had to have surgery? Do they need referral to other professionals? Will your treatment plan need adjusting?

 Other Information: Physical fitness How fit is the client? A client may think they are fit and many will say they are fitter than they really are. A resting pulse will give you a guide. The client’s occupation and lifestyle These factors will give you a rough indication of free time and budget to consider before negotiating a treatment plan. This information will give you clues as to where the client may have stress and muscular tension. Life changing conditions Includes: puberty, pregnancy, menopause, retirement, bereavement,

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 21 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © divorce and any illness.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 22 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © Hobbies It may be useful to find out the client’s interests, this will also give you an idea of levels of activity and spare time. Personality, temperament and emotional state Not the sort of question you can ask but you can make a mental note of it. These factors will help to indicate which oils or zones to work on further. Disclaimer and date Always add a disclaimer and the client’s signature to verify that the information the client has given you is, to the best of their knowledge, true and correct.

Client records can be stored electronically or filed manually and should be updated at every visit. If record cards are not updated and do not contain a history of services and dates, you may find your insurance invalidated.

Records cards must be kept for three years, as medical claims can be made up for up to that period. If a client is under 21 years of age, it is recommended that their record card be kept until they are 21 years of age.

Client confidentiality must be protected at all times. If a salon holds computerised records, they must register with the Data Protection Register. If a salon only holds written records, this does not apply, but they must uphold the principles of the Data Protection Act and comply with the following:

 All info information must be accurate and necessary to the service or treatment to be performed.  Individual client records must be available for the clients to view if requested.  All information must be stored securely by password protected computer file.

Any contra-indications and possible contra-actions must be identified and discussed prior to the service. In the case of medical referral, the practitioner should keep a copy of the GP’s letter with the client’s record card.

Always allow the client the opportunity to question and clarify any points before signing the record card.

On the following pages are examples of consultation forms which you can adapt to suit you.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 23 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © Private & Confidential Client Consultation Form

Client Details Client Ref: Telephone Number: Address: Mobile Number: Occupation: Postcode: Date of Birth: Email: Gender:

Medical History Do you or have you ever suffered from: High/low BP, depressive illness, pacemaker, epilepsy/fits, panic attacks, stroke, anxiety, diabetes, migraine/head pain, asthma, heart disease, pregnancy, operation, phlebitis, infectious illness, dysfunction of the nervous system, varicose veins, localised inflammation, bruising, open wounds, scar tissue, swelling, arthritis

Allergies: Addictions: Phobias: Women ~ Date of last period: What therapies have you experienced to date?

GP Referral Required? GP Name: Practice Name: Telephone Number: Address:

General Health / Lifestyle General Health: Energy Levels: Stress Levels: Sleeping Patterns: Hours per day: Weight: Height: Diet:

Alcohol: …… units per week Water: …… litres per day Smoker: Yes/No …… per day Hobbies, relaxation and exercise (type/frequency):

Additional Comments:

CLIENT STATEMENT & AGREEMENT I acknowledge that all the information on this consultation sheet above my signature is accurate and correct to the best of my knowledge. I accept full and complete responsibility for my own emotional and/or physical well being both during and after this therapy and/or training session. I agree to inform the therapist of any changes to my circumstances during any subsequent treatments. I realise that any advice given to me to carry out between sessions is important and I agree to make every effort to carry this out. I understand that no claim to cure has been made and realize that treatments should not replace conventional treatments.

Signed: (Client) Date:

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 24 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © Private & Confidential Client Treatment Record

Client Ref: ………………………………………….

Date: Treatment:

Comments:

Have there been any changes to your circumstances, medication and general health since your last treatment?

Client declaration: I declare that the information I have given is correct and to the best of my knowledge I can undertake treatments without any adverse effect. I have been fully informed about contra-indications and I am therefore willing to proceed with treatment. Signed (Client): Date:

Date: Treatment:

Comments:

Have there been any changes to your circumstances, medication and general health since your last treatment?

Date: Treatment:

Comments:

Have there been any changes to your circumstances, medication and general health since your last treatment?

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 25 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © Signed (Client): Date:

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 26 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © 8. CONTRA-INDICATIONS

A contra-indication is the presence of a condition which may make the client unsuitable for a treatment. The treatment may not be able to take place or the treatment may need to be adapted.

When treating a client, if they show signs of any contra-indication, tactfully refer them to their GP for treatment/advice. Never tell your client what contra- indication they may have even if you are sure you know what it is. You may be wrong!

If you are ever unsure about a contra-indication then do not treat the client, refer them to their GP. This way you are always protecting yourself and the client.

Be very careful when dealing with contra-indications. It is a controversial subject and you never want to leave yourself open for further implications.

We also have to consider other clients, always make sure that your place of work, implements, and you, are very clean to avoid cross infection.

There are certain conditions that will prevent treatment occurring, or require a letter of approval from the client’s GP. These are as follows:

 High/Low blood pressure – clients should have medical referral prior to treatment, even if they are on medication. There is a risk of a thrombosis (blood clot) which could travel to the brain.  Epilepsy – due to the complexity of the condition, medical advice should always be sought before treating a client. There is a theoretical risk that over stimulation or deep relaxation could provoke a convulsion (this has never been proven in practice).  Diabetes – this condition requires medical referral, as a client with diabetes is prone to arteriosclerosis (hardening of the walls of the arteries).  Severe circulatory disorders and heart conditions – medical clearance should always be sought before treating a client. Increased circulation may overburden the heart and can increase the risk of a thrombus.  Recent haemorrhage – this is excess bleeding, either internally or externally. Any massage should be avoided due to the risk of blood spillage from blood vessels.  Fever – there is a risk of spreading infection as a result of increased circulation. During a fever, the body temperature rises to fight the infection.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 27 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual ©  Cancer – medical treatment should always be sought before treating a client. There is a risk of spreading certain types of cancer through the lymphatic system. Once medical clearance has been given, treatments can help relax and support the immune system.  Undiagnosed lumps, bumps, swellings – the client should be referred to their GP for a diagnosis. Treatments such as massage may increase the susceptibility to damage in the area by the pressure and motion.  Varicose veins – clients may be more prone to thrombosis, so clearance from the GP will be necessary.  Medication – caution is advised in clients who take heavy dosages of drugs. This could affect their response to treatment, making it stronger due to the increased elimination of the drugs from the bloodstream.  Recent operation – depending on the site of the surgery it may be necessary to seek medical advice.  Acute infectious disease – due to being highly contagious.  Intoxication – the increase in blood flow to the head can cause dizziness.  Thrombosis or embolism – there is a theoretical risk that a blood clot may become detached from its site of formation and be carried to another part of the body.  Recent scar tissue – massage should only be applied once the tissue is fully healed and can withstand pressure.  Severe bruising – should be dealt with as a localised contra indication.  Allergies – ensure that any oils or products used do not contain substances to which the client is allergic.  Pregnancy - it is advisable to avoid treatment during the first three months. Some pregnant women may experience dizziness, so caution should be taken after the treatment.  Elderly - pressure should be altered when treating elderly clients as they are more susceptible to bruising.  Children - a lighter pressure should be given for children. Always have a parent present when treating.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 28 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © 9. CONTRA–ACTIONS

Contra-actions are reactions of a client caused by a treatment taking place.

You must explain to your client what/if any reactions to expect during/after a treatment.

With all contra-actions tell your client that if they do not improve within 24 hours to get in touch with their GP for advice.

Below is a list of what contra-actions that could occur during or after Full Body Massage treatment:

 light headedness  headache  extreme tiredness  heightened emotions  feelings of alertness  aching and soreness to muscles.

It is important to explain that these symptoms are part of the healing process, sometimes called a “healing crisis”. The symptoms will pass and are an evident sign that the treatment has been beneficial.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 29 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © 10. AFTERCARE

It is very important to give your client clear instructions about what to expect and what to do at home in order to get the best from their treatments. This will help prolong the effects of the treatment.

Explain to the client the following points:

 drink plenty of water to aid flushing out toxins  avoid eating a large meal for several hours as the body needs energy for healing  avoid smoking  avoid alcohol, tea and coffee  rest.

If olive oil has been used on the hair, it is best practice to leave it in overnight with the head wrapped in a towel.

When the hair is washed, advise the client to use shampoo on dry hair first, which will break down the oil, wash that out, then wash as normal.

It is essential to emphasise the importance of aftercare.

Clients must be provided with clear written aftercare instructions to prevent adverse reactions and know how to deal with them.

The client should sign to confirm that they will follow the aftercare regime and, if they are unwilling to do so, the treatment should not be carried out.

It is always good practice to give your clients a leaflet explaining the advice, this way you make sure they know and understand what to expect.

Finally, ask the clients for feedback on the treatment; fill in their record card on your findings and ask when they would like to rebook.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 30 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © 11. EQUIPMENT & PRODUCTS

The beauty of carrying out an IHM is that very little equipment is required.

Some therapists decide to purchase a massage chair, whereas others will use a chair and a rolled up pillow to support the client.

The use of oil, if the client so wishes, is needed to lubricate the skin and to put in the hair. Expensive aromatherapy oils need not be used, instead choose hair oil, which we supply at the School or can be purchased from many small convenience stores.

It is important to have a variety of oils to select from.

A good supply of clean towels will be needed, and a uniform or appropriate clothing if you require.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 31 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © 12. STORAGE & INSURANCE

STORAGE

Make sure you receive a copy of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) from your suppliers. All staff must be trained on the use of products and equipment. Training manuals and information leaflets should be accessible to all staff.

Store your products correctly by following the guidance on the MSDS.

Carry out a risk assessment on each product or COSHH report if required.

Keep products in original containers where possible and ensure any decanted products are fully labelled in smaller, purpose built containers.

Keep all flammable products out of direct sunlight and at room temperature or below.

Mobile therapists must make suitable travel arrangements to avoid spillage and ensure safe working practice, and be professional in appearance.

INSURANCE

There are several types of insurance that are potentially relevant to you as a therapist. The most important are the ‘Professional Indemnity Insurance’ and ‘Public Liability Insurance’. Both of these are necessary in the unlikely event that a client decided to sue you.

 Public Liability Insurance - This covers you if a member of the public, i.e. a client or passerby is injured on your premises or if their personal property is damaged in any way.

 Professional Indemnity Insurance - This protects you should a client decide to sue you claiming personal injury or damage as a result of treatments carried out by you.

 Employer’s Liability Insurance - This is only necessary if you hire others to work for you. This type of insurance would cover you should a member of your staff have an injury on your premises.

 Product Liability Insurance - This insurance is important if you plan to use, manufacture or sell products as part of your business. This will protect you in the event that a client is dissatisfied with the product or experiences a reaction to using the product.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 32 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual ©  Car Insurance - If a car is used for business purposes, ensure that this is covered by the policy and that theft of equipment is included.

Ensure that the client is seated comfortably with their feet directly on the ground, legs uncrossed. Have your oil positioned directly next to you to prevent leaving the client. Apply oil to your hands if working on bare skin.

Starting position - Stand behind the client with your hands over the top of the shoulders. Ensure that your client has their legs uncrossed and their feet flat on the floor. Always remain in contact with the client throughout the treatment. Ask the client to take three deep breaths to help them prepare for the treatment.

When carrying out an IHM, the chakras can be worked on in the following way at the beginning or end of the routine.

1. Crown - Place your crossed hands over the top of the head, without touching the head. Imagine drawing out negative energy and it passing out of your body. 2. Third eye - Carry out the above, but with your hands in front of the forehead. 3. Throat - Repeat the above over the throat.

(Some clients and therapists feel a warm feeling when carry out this procedure.)

Back and shoulders:-

1. Smoothing - With your right hand on their shoulder, use your left hand and palm stroke from shoulder blade down to elbow and back around the shoulder blade x 6. Repeat on the opposite side. 2. Heel rub - In the same position as number 1, use the heel of your hand and rub around shoulder blade in a c/backwards c shape x 6. Repeat on the opposite side 3. Repeat number 1 on both arms. 4. Spine release - Using the knuckles of your two fingers over the spine, press in, and release, press and release, sliding down as far as the chair will allow to the bottom of the spine and then slide back up x 2. 5. Chopping – use both hands at the same time but working in opposite directions. Work an upside down triangle shape across back from shoulder to shoulder, then down to base of spine (to cover trapezius muscle) and down to a point x 6. 6. Hacking – same shape as chopping, but using sides of hands in fast motion 7. Sweep - starting from base of spine, sweep hands up over back, finishing at shoulders x 6.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 34 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © 8. Thumb sweeps to the neck - place fingers near collarbone, and carry out small circle thumb motions over shoulders x lots. 9. Finger pulls - anchor thumbs at shoulder. Carry out small circle fingers motions over front of shoulders x lots (be careful of protruding collarbones). 10. Pick up and squeeze – pick up shoulders, hold and let go x 3. 11. Repeat number one to both arms

Arms:-

1. Kneel at the side of the client. Massage front of their arm from the shoulder down to the elbow (biceps). 2. Massage back of arm (triceps). 3. Move to the opposite arm and carry out number 1 and 2 4. Heel roll – standing behind the client, drag heel of hand around arm, working down to elbow, slide back up, repeat x 6 5. Thumb slide - slide your thumbs down the front of their arms to the elbows, as you slide up release your thumbs and use your hands on the backs of their arms, repeat x 6

Neck:-

1. Scissor motion – standing behind the client, turn their head to the side and support their head in your other hand. Carry out tiny scissor motions from shoulders up to the back of the ear over x 6. 2. Circular motion - same as above but carry out tiny circular motions x 6. 3. Thumb sweeps – same as above but use tiny thumb motions across shoulders x 6. 4. Smooth neck – get the client to incline their head forward and totally support the head with your other hand. Starting at the top of the spine, splay your fingers wide, narrow as you get to the hairline, then slide back down x lots. 5. Occipital pressure – place your thumb just below the occipital bone and pull head back twice onto your thumb.

Scalp:-

1. If oil is being used, apply a small amount to the crown of the head. 2. Shampoo motion – carry out, big, deep and firm circular motions so that you feel the scalp move slightly. 3. Ruffle hair – get your fingers inside the hair and ruffle it. 4. Pressure points - tilt their head to one side and support with your other hand. Imagine tram lines running over the head, with 3 fingers, push, release slide, making lines down the head, continue all over head. 5. Finger rub – in the same position as number 4, use three fingers and vigoursly rub in same area x 3.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 35 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © 6. Heel of hand rub – in the same way as number 5 but using the heel of your hand rub in same area x 3. 7. Smooth through – imagine combing the hair with your hands. 8. Rain drops – light pitter patter on the head. 9. Jumping frog – with your fingers on the head, snap your fingers together and lift. Cover the whole head. 10. Squeeze and lift – with your hands placed at the back of the ears and your fingers facing up, squeeze and lift. 10. Same as above but place your hands above the ears with fingers facing forward. 11. Same as above but place your hands are front of the ears, with fingers facing up. 12. Repeat number 2 Shampoo motion.

Face:-

1. Smooth over – place your hands in prayer position at the chin and sweep up to the forehead, twist hands and slide back down to chin - repeat x 6. 2. Finger pressure - starting at the top of the forehead in the middle. Using two fingers of both hands, image lines across the forehead. Work from the centre out to the side of the head. Follow down to the eyebrows. 3. Eyebrows – follow the eyebrows with the flats of your fingers, applying slight pressure x 3. 4. Eye sockets – apply light pressure around the eye sockets using the flats of your fingers. 5. Cheeks – apply pressure around sinus area working up towards the temples x 6. 6. Temples – apply tiny, light circular friction to the temples. 7. Ear lobe – apply tiny, light circular friction to the ear lobes. 8. Repeat number 1.

To finish

Place your hands on the clients’ shoulders, applying a little weight. Wash your hands, offer the client a glass of water and give aftercare advice.

Throughout our body we have main energy centres that are connected to major organs or glands that govern body parts. Each of these main energy centres are referred to as a chakra. Chakra is a Sanskrit word which means wheel. A chakra is a wheel-like spinning vortex that whirls in a circular motion forming a vacuum in the centre that draws in anything it encounters on its particular vibratory level.

It is said that our body contains hundreds of chakras that are the key to the operation of our being. These “spinning wheels” draw in coded information from our surroundings.

Coded information can be anything from a colour vibration to an ultra-violet ray to a radio-wave or micro-wave to another person’s aura. In essence, our chakras receive the health of our environment, including the people we are in contact with (that’s why other people’s moods have an effect on us!). Our chakras also radiate an energy of vibration.

A person can collect energy from several different levels of vibration, including colour, which are utilised in various parts of the body.

It is also believed that we have seven main chakra centres and that each main centre is connected to our being on several different levels, ie physical, emotional, mental and spiritual.

On the physical level each chakra governs a main organ or gland, which is then connected to other body parts that resonate the same frequency.

Every organ, gland and body system is connected to a chakra and each chakra is connected to a colour vibrational frequency. For example, the heart chakra governs the thymus gland and it is also in charge of the functioning of the heart, lungs, bronchia system, lymph glands, secondary circulatory system, immune system, as well as the arm and hands. The heart chakra resonates to the colour green.

The seven main chakra centres are aligned along the spinal column. If there are disturbances on any level, this shows in the chakra’s vitality level. Also, each of the seven main chakras is their own intelligence centre. This means that each chakra is not only associated with our physical health, but also controls aspects connected to our emotional, mental and belief system.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 37 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © To help balance a chakra, whether on an emotional, intellectual, physical or spiritual level, we need to bring in the chakra (colour) vibration, which resonates at the same frequency.

When one part of a chakra centre is out of sync it may eventually affect its other parts and possibly its neighbouring chakra.

When a chakra centre is out of balance it generally means that it is over-active or under-active, or possibly congested or blocked. If this happens it is usually felt on a mental, emotional or physical level.

In the study of the anatomy of the aura it is important to understand the significance of the chakra system and the language of colours expressed in the aura.

The names of the seven main chakras and the master organ that each one governs are detailed in the diagram below.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 38 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © The Flow of Energy

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 39 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © Chakras and Colour Frequencies

RED 1st Chakra ~ Base/Root Chakra ~ Adrenal Earth, survival, grounding, stillness. Contains the primary 8 cells that have all of the knowledge of creation and remain the only cells in your body that do not change in your lifetime. It grounds us in the physical world.

ORANGE 2nd Chakra ~ Spleen/Sacral Chakra ~ Gonad Relates to our sexual and reproductive capacity. Blockage manifests as emotional problems or sexual guilt.

YELLOW 3rd Chakra ~ Solar Plexus Chakra ~ Pancreas Seat of Emotions. Gives us a sense of personal power in the world. Blockage manifests as anger or a sense of victimisation.

GREEN 4th Chakra ~ Heart Chakra ~ Thymus Blockage can manifest as immune system or heart problems, or a lack of compassion.

BLUE 5th Chakra ~ Throat Chakra ~Thyroid Tied to creativity and communication. Feels pressure when you are not communicating your emotions properly.

INDIGO 6th Chakra ~ Brow/Third Eye Chakra ~ Pituitary Often connected to the forehead. It is a physical eye at the base of the brain with the capabilities of looking upward. Clairvoyance, psychic abilities, imagination, dreaming.

VIOLET 7th Chakra ~ Crown Chakra ~ Pineal Connects you with messages from higher realms. Can be experienced as a pressure on the top of the head. Spiritual connection, understanding, knowing, bliss, God.

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 40 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 41 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © 15. WHAT HAPPENS NEXT?

Well done, you now have the knowledge to practise your IHM at home. You will need to practise on as many different clients as possible to gain experience and confidence.

You will need to ensure that you can:

 carry out an in-depth consultation and recognise contra-indications  perform an IHM treatment in 45 minutes  give aftercare advice.

You will need to complete your file of evidence and produce written evidence that you have treated at least three different clients, with at least three treatments each.

Include:

 a completed consultation form for each client  a written evaluation of each treatment carried out.

Read all your theory notes.

Complete the file of evidence as your underpinning knowledge.

When you feel confident (usually after 3-4 weeks) you will be required to come back to the school, discuss the case studies and file of evidence, and carry out two observed treatments.

When you have passed you will receive your Diploma in Indian Head Massage. This will allow you to obtain insurance and carry out professional treatments.

The school is available for support and guidance during and after your training. Further training or refresher sessions are available if required.

Well done and enjoy!

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy 42 Diploma in Indian Head Massage Training Manual © 16. CONTACT DETAILS & RECOMMENDED READING

CONTACT DETAILS

Head of Holistics : Allie Maisey

Address : 706 Delta Office Park Welton Road Swindon Wiltshire SN5 7XS

Telephone : 01793 73 77 33

Mobile : 07824 337333

Email : [email protected]

Website : www.wsbht.co.uk