2012-2013 ENG I Final Exam Review Sheet Semester One

2012-2013 ENG I Final Exam Review Sheet ** Semester One

Directions: Complete the review sheet on your own paper.

Section I: Literary Devices (Use pages R1-R19 in the back of the literature book) Define the following terms and be able to recognize examples of each: a. Simile- a comparison using like or as b. Metaphor- direct comparison, often using a form of a verb “is” c. Allusion- a reference to a well known piece of literature, history, etc. d. Imagery- language that appears to the five senses; creates a picture in the reader’s mind. e. Diction- word choice f. Personification- giving human characteristics to inanimate objects or animals g. Irony- the contrast between reality appearance and reality, or what you would expect to happen and what actually happens h. Onomatopoeia- words that imitate the sounds they describe i. Dialogue- conversations between characters j. Mood- the feeling the reader gets from a piece of literature (mood could be suspenseful, romantic, frightening, sentimental, mysterious, etc.) k. Tone- the author’s attitude toward their subject matter (tone could be sarcastic, humorous, matter-of-fact, formal or informal, child-like, etc.)

(A) Find an example of each device from #1 in the literature book (any poem or short story we have read this year). Make sure to add your quotation marks and page numbers. From The Most Dangerous Game:

a. Simile: “… giant rocks with razor edges crouch like a sea monster with wide- open jaws.” b. Metaphor: “Rainsford stood blinking in the river of glaring gold light that poured out.” c. Allusion: “Then he sat down, took a drink of brandy from a silver flask … and hummed a bit from ‘Madame Butterfly.’” d. Imagery: “…the dank tropical night … was palpable as it pressed its thick warm blackness in upon the yacht.” e. Diction: “… the jungle weeds were crushed down and the moss was lacerated; one patch of weeds was stained crimson.” f. Personification: “… cliffs dived down to where the sea licked greedy lips in the shadows.” g. Irony: “He was finding the general a most thoughtful and affable host, a true cosmopolite.” h. Onomatopoeia: “the sea rumbled and hissed” i. Dialogue: “Don’t be alarmed,” said Rainsford, with a smile which he hoped was disarming. “I’m no robber. I fell off a yacht. My name is Sanger Rainsford of New York City.”

Section II: Short Stories (“The Most Dangerous Game” on page 22, “The Harvest” on page 188)

 In The Most Dangerous Game, who is the protagonist? Rainsford  In The Most Dangerous Game, who is the antagonist? General Zaroff  Identify the main conflict in The Most Dangerous Game. Man vs. Man (Z. trying to kill R.)  Draw a plot diagram and label the exposition, inciting incident, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution for The Most Dangerous Game.

Exposition: The story introduces the island as the setting; the characters Rainsford and General Zaroff.

Rising Action: General Zaroff tells Rainsford that he hunts more dangerous game, or humans.

Climax: When Rainsford jumped off the cliff to avoid General Zaroff.

Falling Action: General Zaroff goes into the house to get ready for bed and Rainsford pops up.

Resolution: When Rainsford kills General Zaroff and “had never slept in a better bed.

 How does the author of The Harvest establish the mood and tone of the story? Sensory language that describes the setting and the characters  What is the setting of The Harvest and why is it important? Harvest time (end of September/ beginning of October) in a farming town. Soon the ground will freeze, but the town has “an aura of peace and death.” This is the time of year that Don Trine likes to “feel the earth.”  What is the result of the boys’ spying on Don Trine in The Harvest? They discover that he is taking walks alone and digging holes so he can “feel the earth” ( it is both physical and spiritual for him).

Section III: Plot Structure (Use page 9 in the literature book, and your plot diagram notes)

 Draw and label a plot diagram.  Know the following terms. Be able to identify them in a short story. a. Exposition- introduces the story’s conflict, character, and settings b. Rising Action- builds suspense and adds complications to the conflict, leading up to the climax c. Climax- the point of highest emotional pitch; usually a turning point in the story (a shift in tone or mood) d. Falling Action- the logical result/s of the climax e. Resolution (Denouncement)- the final outcome of the story (how it all turned out)

Section IV: Media Literacy (Use pages p.370-371 in literature book and your Art of Rhetoric Notes)

 Which term refers to emotion, which to ethics, and which to logic?

a. Ethos- ethics b. Pathos- emotions (ex. empathy) c. Logos- logic

 Use your notes from “The Art of Rhetoric” video to briefly explain how each of the following rhetorical appeals can be used in advertising. Give a specific example of each. (Make sure you are able to identify how each is used in an advertisement.)

a. Ethos- appeal to ethics; establishes creditability or character of the product. (Ex. celebrity endorsement, brand association, expert testimonials) b. Pathos- appeal to emotion; provokes an emotional response (Ex. excitement, sex appeal, sentimentality, prevention of negative emotions, etc.) c. Logos- appeal to logic/reason; tells exactly what product is/does and how it is used (Ex. product details, health benefits- usually seen in print ads or websites.

Section V: Grammar, Mechanics, Writing and Style (Use the Writing Coach grammar book and your grammar packets to define these terms - p.392-398)

 For the semester exam, you will need to be able to define and identify the following types of sentences. Use the Writing Coach to define and write down an example for each:

a. Compound Sentence- 2 or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating junction (ex. It is raining, so we are going to the movies.) b. Complex Sentence- 1 independent clause and 1 or more dependent clauses (ex. Because the movie starts at five, we should leave soon.) c. Compound-Complex Sentence- Two or more independent clauses and at least 1 dependent clause (ex. If we leave any later, we will miss the previews, and I want to see them.) d. Imperative- sentence gives an order or a direction and ends with either a period or exclamation mark. (This is an outrage!) e. Declarative- sentence states an idea and ends with a period. (Ex. London is a city in England.) f. Interrogative- sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark. (Ex. In which countries do tigers live?) g. Exclamatory- a sentence that conveys strong emotion and ends with an exclamation point (Ex. This is an outrage!)

 Write the definitions of the 8 Parts of Speech and make sure you are able to identify them in a sentence (p.294-330 in the Writing Coach and in your grammar packets!)

a. Noun- is a part of speech that names a person, place, or thing, or idea.

(Ex. Person-Uncle Mike, neighbor, girls, Bob); (Ex. Place- library, garden, Dallas, kitchen, James River); (Ex. Thing- chair, pencil, duck, daffodil); (Ex. Idea- technology, independence, recession, democracy)

b. Pronoun- are words that stand for or replace nouns

#2 Antecedents are nouns or words that take the place of nouns to which the pronoun refers.

#3 Personal pronouns refer to the person speaking (1st person), the person spoken to (2nd person), or the person, place, or thing spoken about (3rd person).

Personal Pronouns

Singular Plural

1st person I, me, my, mine us, we, our, ours

2 nd person you, your, yours you, your, yours

3 rd person he, him, his they, them

she, her, hers

it, its c. Verb- a verb is a word or group of words that expresses time, while showing action, a condition, or the fact that something exists.

#2 An action verbs tells what action someone or something is performing. (Ex. run, jog, jump, dance, move)

#3 A linking verbs is a verb that connects its subject with a noun,, pronoun, or adjective that describes the subject. (Ex. Is, was, were, appear, feel, smell, be, been).

#4 A transitive verb directs action toward someone or something named in the same sentence. (Ex. We ate chicken. We played soccer.)

#5 An intransitive verb does not direct action toward anyone or anything named in the same sentence. (Ex. The fan shouted loudly. The secretary wrote quickly.)

d. Adjective- is a word used to describe a noun or pronoun or to give it a more specific meaning. (A list of common prepositions are listed in purple grammar packet)

e. Adverb- an adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. (Adverbs modifying verbs; where, when, in what ways, to what extent)

f. Preposition- relates the noun and pronoun that appears with it to another word in the sentence.

h. Interjection- is a word that expresses feeling of emotion and function independently in a sentence. (Ex. ah, dear, hey, ouch, wow, etc..)

i.. Conjunction (FANBOYS)-is a word used to connect other words or group of words (ex. but, or, and)

 Know ALL of the editing marks and how to use them (attach your editing sheet to your papers, or copy them from a neighbor.)

 Write down the meaning of each root. You must be able to identify the meaning of words using the roots. (I will give you 20 roots and their meanings to study)

 Be able to identify a properly written Open Ended Response (See rubric)