Cardiopulmonary Homework

Name ______

Cardiovascular System

1. Valves open in response to ______on their two sides.

2. List the chambers/vessels that the four valves connect:

Chamber Valve Chamber/Vessel Pulmonary semilunar Aortic semilunar Bicuspid Tricuspid 3. The action potentials spread from the autorhythmic cells of the intrinsic conduction system

(electrical event) to the ______cells. The resulting mechanical events cause a

heartbeat.

4. During the four phases listed below, state whether the AV and semilunar valves are open or closed:

Phase AV Valves Semilunar Valves Ventricular filling Isovolumetric contraction Ventricular ejection Isovolumetric relaxation

5. A tracing of the electrical activity of the heart is called a/an ______.

6. What do the following wave forms reflect?

a. P wave ______

b. QRS complex ______

c. T wave ______

7. Why would stroke volume increase when heart rate slows down? 8. In the following list of characteristics, put “A” for artery, “C” for capillary, and “V” for vein:

____ contain the lowest pressure ____ contain the highest pressure

____ has thick tunica media ____ thin tunica media

____ smallest of the blood vessels ____ carries blood away from heart

____ largest lumen—blood reservoir ____ has only one tunic (intima)

____ carries blood toward the heart ____ site of exchange of nutrients

9. When taking blood pressure, inflate the cuff so that blood flow is ______in the blood vessel.

Open the valve slowly, releasing the pressure. The first sound you hear through the stethoscope is

recorded as the ______pressure. When you don’t hear any sounds, this is recorded as the

______pressure.

10. What are the three main factors that influence peripheral resistance?

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

Respiratory System

1. Fill in the missing organs of the respiratory system:

______(air enters)  nasal cavity  ______(both air and food move

through)  trachea  ______(large tubes leading to both lungs)  lungs.

2. Each lung is surrounded by two layers of serous membrane known as pleurae. These are:

______pleura; covers the surface of the lung

______pleura; lines the thoracic wall

The space in between is called the ______cavity and it is filled with ______

fluid.

This fluid assists breathing movements by acting as a/an ______. 3. Bronchial tree:

Air flows from the trachea through the ______, ______, and ______

bronchi to smaller and smaller bronchi. The trachea and bronchi contain ______to keep

the airways open. Bronchi branch into ______, which do not contain ______

but do contain more ______muscle. This allows for regulation of air flow.

4. Airways from the nasal cavity through the terminal bronchioles are called the ______

The function of this zone is to ______the air.

Is there gas exchange in this zone? ______

5. The respiratory zone contains ______where gas is exchanged. This zone consists of the

______bronchioles, ______ducts, and ______sacs.

6. The pulmonary ______carries blood that is (high or low) (circle one) in oxygen to the

lungs.

Pulmonary ______exchange gases with the alveoli.

Blood leaves the lungs in the pulmonary ______, which carry ______blood

back to the heart.

7. Name the three types of cells in the alveolus:

1. ______; simple squamous epithelium

2. ______; removes debris and microbes

3. ______; secretes surfactant. Surfactant (decreases or increases) (circle one) surface

tension, which prevents the alveoli from collapsing.