<p> Cardiopulmonary Homework</p><p>Name ______</p><p>Cardiovascular System</p><p>1. Valves open in response to ______on their two sides.</p><p>2. List the chambers/vessels that the four valves connect:</p><p>Chamber Valve Chamber/Vessel Pulmonary semilunar Aortic semilunar Bicuspid Tricuspid 3. The action potentials spread from the autorhythmic cells of the intrinsic conduction system </p><p>(electrical event) to the ______cells. The resulting mechanical events cause a </p><p> heartbeat.</p><p>4. During the four phases listed below, state whether the AV and semilunar valves are open or closed:</p><p>Phase AV Valves Semilunar Valves Ventricular filling Isovolumetric contraction Ventricular ejection Isovolumetric relaxation</p><p>5. A tracing of the electrical activity of the heart is called a/an ______.</p><p>6. What do the following wave forms reflect?</p><p> a. P wave ______</p><p> b. QRS complex ______</p><p> c. T wave ______</p><p>7. Why would stroke volume increase when heart rate slows down? 8. In the following list of characteristics, put “A” for artery, “C” for capillary, and “V” for vein:</p><p>____ contain the lowest pressure ____ contain the highest pressure</p><p>____ has thick tunica media ____ thin tunica media</p><p>____ smallest of the blood vessels ____ carries blood away from heart</p><p>____ largest lumen—blood reservoir ____ has only one tunic (intima)</p><p>____ carries blood toward the heart ____ site of exchange of nutrients</p><p>9. When taking blood pressure, inflate the cuff so that blood flow is ______in the blood vessel.</p><p>Open the valve slowly, releasing the pressure. The first sound you hear through the stethoscope is </p><p> recorded as the ______pressure. When you don’t hear any sounds, this is recorded as the</p><p>______pressure.</p><p>10. What are the three main factors that influence peripheral resistance?</p><p>1. ______</p><p>2. ______</p><p>3. ______</p><p>Respiratory System</p><p>1. Fill in the missing organs of the respiratory system:</p><p>______(air enters)  nasal cavity  ______(both air and food move </p><p> through)  trachea  ______(large tubes leading to both lungs)  lungs.</p><p>2. Each lung is surrounded by two layers of serous membrane known as pleurae. These are:</p><p>______pleura; covers the surface of the lung</p><p>______pleura; lines the thoracic wall</p><p>The space in between is called the ______cavity and it is filled with ______</p><p> fluid.</p><p>This fluid assists breathing movements by acting as a/an ______. 3. Bronchial tree:</p><p>Air flows from the trachea through the ______, ______, and ______</p><p> bronchi to smaller and smaller bronchi. The trachea and bronchi contain ______to keep </p><p> the airways open. Bronchi branch into ______, which do not contain ______</p><p> but do contain more ______muscle. This allows for regulation of air flow.</p><p>4. Airways from the nasal cavity through the terminal bronchioles are called the ______</p><p> zone.</p><p>The function of this zone is to ______the air.</p><p>Is there gas exchange in this zone? ______</p><p>5. The respiratory zone contains ______where gas is exchanged. This zone consists of the </p><p>______bronchioles, ______ducts, and ______sacs.</p><p>6. The pulmonary ______carries blood that is (high or low) (circle one) in oxygen to the </p><p> lungs.</p><p>Pulmonary ______exchange gases with the alveoli. </p><p>Blood leaves the lungs in the pulmonary ______, which carry ______blood </p><p> back to the heart.</p><p>7. Name the three types of cells in the alveolus:</p><p>1. ______; simple squamous epithelium</p><p>2. ______; removes debris and microbes</p><p>3. ______; secretes surfactant. Surfactant (decreases or increases) (circle one) surface </p><p> tension, which prevents the alveoli from collapsing. </p>