Nutrition Throughout the Life Cycle

NUTRITION THROUGHOUT THE LIFE CYCLE

Our nutritional needs change throughout our life. It is important that we understand the changes our body goes through as we grow so that we can make nutritious food choices and maintain a healthy body. You have been asked to help the Freedman family determine the nutritional needs of each member of their family. The Freedman family consists of: Lara - 8 months old Michelle – 18 years old (pregnant) Sally - 2 years old Margaret – 30 years old (lactating) Kaitlin - 8 years old Andrew – 32 years old (works in an office) Jeffrey – 14 years old Robert – 78 years old

1. Each group will focus on one family member. You will need to determine which stage of the life cycle your person is currently in.

2. As a group, develop a 2 page outline containing the following:

- A description of the changes their body is going through

- An outline of the factors that could be influencing their food habits

- The RDI’s (Recommended Daily Intakes) of the major nutrients required in their stage of the lifecycle - suggest food sources that will help your person meet their nutritional requirements.

- A one day meal plan that will help to meet the nutritional needs of your person (refer to the RDI to make sure you are getting the right nutrients).

3. Your contribution to the group will be recorded on a log and is assessable.

4. Each group’s pages will be combined to form a class book. You may choose what software to use when creating your pages. You may use text, images, graphs, keywords and important facts. Consider the layout and presentation of your work. Nutrition for Early Childhood (Sally) Factors that could be influencing their food habits

In the early child hood of a girl the parents are in control of what she eats and are the ones that influence her with what she eats and the religion of the family may also be involved as some religions and cultures have strict rules on what they can and can’t eat.

Recommended Daily Intakes

CALORIE RECOMMENDATIONS 2 years olds needs about half the calories that you need everyday. It is estimated 2 year olds need only about 1000 calories per day, which is about 40 calories per inch of their height each and everyday.

Whole grains A 2 year old needs 3 intakes of grains per day, the grains that is highly recommended are; oats, cereal, bread, rice or pasta. A slice of bread or half a cup of pasta is equal to one serving.

Vegies and Fruits Fruits and vegetables are full of vitamins and minerals, which help the 2 year old to grow and keep them healthy, 2 year old need at least one cup of fruit and vegetables per day, a cup of fruits and vegetables is equal to a whole piece of fruit.

Dairy and Protein 2 year olds are supposed to have at least two cups of dairy per day e.g. one cup of milk, small cup of yogurt. 2 year old need to eat two servings of protein each day. Some foods included with protein are meat, egg, legumes, nuts or different types of seeds.

Nutrition for Childhood (Kaitlin) Nutrition throughout the Lifecycle

Kaitlin’s body is going through a few changes at this age. Her height and weight are one of the main changes she is going through. For normal growth she needs good nutrition and to have enough sleep, but most importantly regular exercise.

The Factors influencing Kaitlins food habits would mostly be down to what her parents choose for her. There are only a few other main influences that could be included, these are: any allergens she may have, the vitamins needed for an 8 year old, like calcium, protein, iron and carbohydrates or her personal preference. Money could also be an influence in what her parents choose, but Kaitlin wouldn’t know the difference.

Breakfast Oats with milk Snacks Rockmelon, Apple, Banana and a glass of Orange Juice Lunch Chicken Sandwich Snacks Strawberry Yogurt Dinner Fish with Legumes and Mixed Vegetables

Throughout the day, Kaitlin should have a variety of nutrients and vitamins, as well as lots of water and exercise. This is an ideal meal plan for Kaitlin.

The Recommended Dietary Intakes of the nutrients required in this stage of life cycle. Protien 18 - 24 g Chicken Sandwich Energy 7200 kj Rockmelon, Apple, Banana, Mixed Vegetables Calcium 800 mg Strawberry Yogurt Iron 6 - 8 mg Legumes Magnesium 110 mg Fish Vitamin B1 0.7 mg Fish Vitamin C 30 mg Strawberry Yogurt

Bibliography: Food Technology First - Lois Aspin Nutrition for Adolescence (Jeffrey) Lachie Jeff’s 14-year-old boy A description of the changes their body is going through Changes that are going on in Lachie’s body that may affect his food habits are the body is beginning to go through puberty his muscles are developing he is getting taller and heavier his body needs more food and more energy to get through a day. Teens will need more calcium and iron to help develop during this period as they will be growing very fast at this time in there life drinking plenty of water and staying hydrated is essential. During this time of his life Lachie will need more of everything e.g. Exercise, food, water, physical and mental activities. Also hair develops on the face and under the arms and on the chest and other areas.

An outline of the factors that could be influencing their food habits Some Factors that could influence Lachie’s food habits are: Afternoon activities, School, Weekend sport, Body changing (eating more), Going out, Work (first job). Lachie’s feelings may also affect his food habits e.g. If he’s sad he may tend to eat unhealthy junk food which will cause him to gain weight. The RDI’s (Recommended Daily Intakes) of the major nutrients required in their stage of the lifecycle

Average recommended intake for boys aged 14 RDI Protein 65g Dietary fiber 28g Thiamin ½mg Riboflavin 1.3mg Niacin 16mg Foliate 400mg Vitamin A 900mg Vitamin C 40mg Calcium 1300mg Zinc 13mg Iron 11mg Magnesium 410mg

A Healthy One-Day Meal Plan for Lachie Jeff’s Protein, iron, calcium and energy are the main nutrients that a 14 year-old- male needs for a day. Breakfast Nutrients: Cooked Oats/Porridge with a Carbohydrates glass of orange juice Calcium Fibre Protein

Snack Nutrients: Fruit Salad consisting of Carbhydrates watermelon, pineapple, apple, Energy orange, grapes etc. in its natural Fiber juices Vitamin C

Lunch Nutrients: A Chicken salad sandwich Protein consisting of Chicken breast, Carbohydrates whole meal bread, lettuce, Fiber cucumber, tomato and avocado Vitamin C

Snack Nutrients: Mango yoghurt with dry muesli Carbohydrates Protein Calcium Dinner Nutrients: Kangaroo Steak, mash potato, Iron steamed vegetables (carrot, Calcium green beans and broccoli) Foliate Potassium Also a 14-year-old boy should consume about 3.5 litres per day to keep hydrated.

Bibliography http://www.medicalonline.com.au/medical/nutrition/rdi.htm http://www.kelloggs.com.au/Home/Nutrition/DICalculator/tabid/104/Default.aspx http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Physical-Development-Age-1219.topicArticleId- 26831,articleId-26792.html http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Eating_tips_for_teenagers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake Nutrition during Lactation (Margaret) Recommended daily intake. Lactating (breast feeding) women Nutrients lactating protein +16g energy +2000-4000 KJ calcium +700 mg iron +12-16 mg magnesium +70 Vitamin B1 +0.4mg Vitamin C +45mg

Meal plan for Margaret For lactating women appropriate foods are essential for breast feeding so I have put together a little table for appropriate foods. This sample meal plan is an example of how to fit your nutrition needs (from the previous page) into a day’s eating: Breakfast ½ cup orange juice 1 poached egg with Mushrooms & tomato and tomato source Morning tea Fruit flavored yoghurt A piece fruit Lunch Tuna & salad sandwich I piece fruit Cup of tea Dinner Roast Lamb or roast beef Vegetables one potato Custard/milk/yoghurt

What are the changes her body is going through? The changes she is going through are growing breasts, softening of the breasts, weight changing and sensitive breasts. What influences their food habits? The things that influence their food habits are things such as weight, the way they look, preferences, social practices, media, religion, technology, their location, not wanting to change the taste of the milk and money. Nutrition for adults (Andrew)

A Description of the Changes Their Body is Going Through:

*Diet related illnesses may occur because of Andrew’s low level of nutrition.

During adulthood, the body stops growing which means that we do not need as much carbohydrates. However, we need to maintain a health and nutritional diet to avoid health diseases such as:  Anemia, osteoporosis, rickets, high blood pressure, high cholesterol.

It is also important that energy intake by adults is not too high as it is very easy for adults to gain weight, especially for Andrew because due to his job, he does close to no exercise.

Proper nutrition helps to ensure that your body stays healthy and that you do not experience any major health problems. Poor nutrition (which Andrew may be experiencing) can be defined as lack of essential vitamins or minerals or even an excess amount of unhealthy nutrients. Poor nutrition causes a lot of different health problems in both adults and children, which leaves Andrew at risk.

Factors that are influencing Andrew’s food habits:

*Andrew works in an office, this means that his food habits are really effected in many ways. Some of these factors include: - Since Andrew spends his whole day working in an office, little time is provided to allow him to sustain a healthy and nutritional diet. Not enough time is allowed for Andrew to have a break and obtain healthy meals. This is turn affects his food habits and his diet dramatically as he purchases ready-to-go, unhealthy, and greasy foods.

- We can assume that Andrew is financially stable. This in turn means that he can afford to supply his family with nutritional meals that are full of vitamins and minerals.

- Since Andrew is located in an office, we can assume that he does not have many available healthy restaurants nearby to purchase nutritional foods. Being isolated in an office leaves little time to go and purchase healthier options rather than purchasing greasy foods from the office cafeteria. RDI table with food suggestions.

Protein 55 g Energy 10,900-13700 kj Calcium 800 mg Iron 7 mg Magnesium 320 mg Vitamin B1 1.1 mg Vitamin C 40 mg

Nutrients such as Vitamin B12, Folate, Calcium, Vitamin D, Potassium, Magnesium, Fibre and Omega 3 are all important nutrients in an adults diet. Eating things like:

 Fish and eggs (which is high in vitamin B12.

 Fruit and vegetables (which is high in Folate).

 Low-fat milk and cheese (high in calcium).

 Yogurt and cereals (which are high in Vitamin D).

 Bananas and prunes (which are high in Potassium).

 Whole grains and beans (which are high in magnesium).

 Nuts and beans (which are high in fibre).

 Fresh fish like salmon (which is high in omega 3). These nutrients help to keep an adults diet stable and healthy. Meal Plan Meal Nutrients Breakfast Fruit salad (oranges, apple, bananas, strawberries, Vitamin C, B1, A, calcium, kiwifruit, pineapple) with lite vanilla yogurt protein Snack Muesli bar with dried fruit Fiber, carbs, vitamins A, B1, C, minerals Lunch Chicken mango salad with cashew nuts Protein, vitamins A, B1, C, potassium Snack Cheese and crackers Protein, calcium, vitamin B Dinner Steak and vegetables (potato, pumpkin, broccoli, carrot, Protein, iron, vitamin A, beans, corn) potassium, phosphorus Desert Custard with peaches Calcium, vitamins A, B Magnesium Bibliography.

 Livestrong- the limitless potential of you. http://www.livestrong.com/article/285871-health-problems-caused-by-poor-nutrition/ Date visited: 29/8/12

 Adult nutrition http://www.diet.com/g/adult-nutrition Date Visited: 29/8/12  http://www.healthalternatives2000.com/fruit-nutrition-chart.html

 http://www.healthalternatives2000.com/nut-seed-nutrition-chart.html

 http://www.healthalternatives2000.com/vegetables-nutrition-chart.html  Nutrition Australia ralia.org/national/resource/nutrition-and-older-adults Date visited: 29/8/12

 Food technology textbook Date visited: 28/8/12 Nutrition for the Elderly (Robert)

Changes the body is going through As this stage in the life cycle the body has stop growing .He will not need as much energy as he did when he was an adult but still needs to keep up his vitamins, minerals iron and calcium to. He needs to maintain bone health and keep his immune system healthy incase they catch a bug and to maintain the physical health of his body. He needs to maintain a healthy diet and constant light exercise such as lawn bowls or gardening , if he does not maintain this diet he will decline and may develop such diet related diseases such as diabetes or high cholesterol .

Factors influencing Roberts Food Habits People over the age of 55 are at risk of eating food that is not high nutrition. They often have finances that are limited, because at that age of 55+ the majority of people are not employed and are on a pension. Commonly foods that are high in nutritious are also high in price.They would also find it much more difficult to prepare nuritional foods because of problems later no in life such as arthritis and dementia. One Day Meal Plan Breakfast:Porridge with honey and Nutrients:Carbohydrates,Vitamins banana With tea Snack: Fruit salad with watermelon, Nutrients: Vitamins and Calcium. mandarin, Strawberries, rockmelon, orange and Yogurt Lunch:Ham and salad sandwich with Nutrients:Protein, Minerals and ham, lettuce,tomato,cheese and Calcium mayonnaise Snack:Sao with Cheese and Tomato. Nutrients: Carbohydrates, Calcium , Minerals Dinner: Minestrone Soup with bacon, Nutrients: Protein, Vitamins, Minerals, lettuce, celery, carrot, Chicken and Iron,Carbohydrates two pieces of wholemeal sourdough bread

Recommended Daily Intake for Robert Protein 55g Energy 7400-1100 kj Calcium 800 mg Iron 7 mg Magnesium 320 mg Vitamin B1 0.9 mg Vitamin C 40 mg

Biblography Workbook. http://www.helpguide.org/life/senior_nutrition.htm