Biology Cell Labs

Cell Unit Objectives

Upon conclusion of this unit the learner will: 1. Demonstrate the proper care and use of the microscope as an aid in the investigation of cell structure. 2. Explain the importance of cells as the basic units of structure and function of all of living things by identifying cell parts and their functions. 3. Explain equilibrium in terms of osmosis and diffusion.

Vocabulary you should be familiar with: Chromosomes Nucleus Chloroplast Nucleolus Centriole Nuclear membrane Cell Wall Diffusion Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth Osmosis and rough) Plasmolysis Ribosome Exocytosis Lysosome Endocytosis Golgi Body Phagocytosis Vauole Equilibrium Cytoplasm Concentration Gradient Mitochondria Active Transport Cytoskeleton Passive Transport Cell membrane Biology Cell Labs

Name ______Hour _____

HW DUE Monday SEPTEMBER 8

Lab 1 Due:______Microscope Pre-Lab 0 1 2 3 Exploration Drawings 1 and 2 0 1 2 3 Questions 1 and 2 0 1 2 Follow up Questions 0 1 2

Homework Due:______Cell parts & Questions 1-4 0 1 2 3 functions Questions 5-10 0 1 2 3

READ CHAPTER 5 in Text book by Tuesday

______/ 16 possible points 1. Crayon

4. Deck of card

2. Calculator

5. Jolly Rancher

3. Coin

5. Key 8. Dice

6. Checker

9. Crème Saver

7. Hot Wheels Car wheel

Lab 1 Microscope Mania Prelab Questions: Label all parts on this Compound microscope:

First: What is it? Study the mystery cards and try to identify each one. They are all common objects you would find in your home or in the classroom. # ______# ______# ______# ______

Second: Make it Simple. e 1. You will need one slide and an eye dropper and a small cup of water to create a simple lens. 2. Then place the slide over the top of the letter “e” in the box to the right. What happens?

3. Now, use the paper at your table and cut out a letter preferably an “e”. 4. Move the nosepiece to the lowest objective lens(shortest one). 5. Place the “e” on the slide. Center the slide on the stage under the microscope (turn the light on). 6. Focus the letter “e” using the microscope as shown in class using the coarse adjustment know. Use the fine adjustment knob to sharpen the image. 7. Once it is in focus. Move the letter “e: up and down, side to side while looking through the eyepiece.

What happens? Cover Slip Drop of water

Third: Pond Water Critters 1. Preparing a wet-mount you must place one drop of pond water in the middle of the slide 2. Place a cover slip over the slide. 3. Place on the stage of your microscope, BE SURE THAT THE OBJECTIVE IS ON LOW POWER! *always rinse and dry your 4. Looking at the stage use the coarse adjustment slide and cover slip before knob to bring the stage all the way up. the end of class*

5. While looking through the eyepiece adjust the stage down with the coarse adjustment until the objects appear. You may then use the fine adjustment to further focus on one particular organism. 6. To change from one power to another simple twist the nosepiece. Then re-focus using the FINE ADJUST ONLY! 7. You should be able to locate several specimens from both plant-like and animal-like quite easily.

Plant-like could be any examples of algae that you find. Label any obvious cellular structures that are evident that you may already know from 7th grade such as cell wall, nucleus, chloroplasts, cytoplasm and cell membrane. Record a few notes concerning what you have located, this could include: name, size, condition, organizational arrangement, color, etc. Then draw one of your examples in the space provided that includes some detail of the organism you found.

Notes:

Name if known

Magnification

Draw Plant-like

Animal-like are often going to be protozoa and small multicellular organisms that will be a bit more difficult to locate. Many examples of this group will be unicellular and most likely very small. In many cases, specimens will be fast moving and difficult to keep in the field of view and focused.

Viewing tips: prepare slides with a bit of algae or something to act as a net, trapping protozoa into a confined space for easier viewing. Record a few notes concerning what you have located, as mentioned above. Then draw one of your examples in the space provided that includes some detail of the organism you found.

Notes:

Name if known

Magnification

Color Other

Draw Animal-like Questions: 1. Which magnification provides the widest angle of viewing? Explain why?

2. When centering an object under the microscope, which way does the object appear to move when you move the slide to the Right? Left?

Up? Down?

3. Is it easier to locate objects under low of high power? Explain why?

4. Explain why you need to center a specimen in the field of view before switching to a higher power.

5. In middle school you learned about cells. What cell parts do you remember? List as many as you can think of.

6. Solve the magnification problems below:

Ocular lens Objective lens Total magnification 5x 10x = ______10x 5x = ______10x 35x = ______Biology Homework: Cell 1. What is the basic unit (or building block) of living organisms?

2. How are new cells made?

Cell Structure All cells are enclosed by a cell membrane. Within the membrane are the nucleus and the cytoplasm, which consists of all the material outside the nucleus and inside the cell membrane. Within the cytoplasm are organized structures that perform specific functions. These structures are called organelles. Cells vary greatly in the details of their form and in the special functions they perform. However, most cells have certain features in common. The diagram below represents an animal cell. Plant cells are different from animal cells and we’ll discuss that further as we proceed.

3. Use the following list to color the structures indicated in the drawing of the animal cell. Cell membrane Nucleus Nuclear membrane Nucleolus Chromosome Mitochondria Lysosome Endoplasmic Reticulum Golfi Body Vacuole

4. Fill in the names of the structures whose functions are listed below. Structure Function Mitochondria Ribosome Contains the hereditary information Storage of water, undigested food, and or wastes Active in movement of the chromosomes during cell division Storage of digestive enzymes Transport within the cytoplasm Golgi Body Cell Membrane The cell, or plasma, membrane surrounds the cell. It plays an active role in determining which substances enter and which substances leave the cell. Because some substances can pass freely through the cell membrane and others cannot, the membrane is said to be selectively permeable or semipermeable. The permeability of the plasma membrane varies from one cell type to another and from time to time in the same type of cell, depending on the state of metabolic activity. The cell membrane is composed of lipids and proteins. The picture below show a view of what a section of the cell membrane looks like.

http://home.earthlink.net/~dayvdanls/membrane1.GIF

5. Describe the functions of the cell membrane.

6. Why is the cell membrane considered to be semi-permeable?

7. Which cell parts are surrounded by a membrane?

8. Is the membrane around the lysosome exactly the same as the membrane around the golgi body? Why are these membranes different or the same? 9. Label the diagram below of a plant cell.

10. What three structural differences are there between an animal cell and a plant cell?

Answer the following questions on Page 140 in your Biology Textbook #1