DYSMENNORHEA Dysmenorrhea Or Painful Menstruation Can Be Defined
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Adenomyosis in Infertile Women: Prevalence and the Role of 3D Ultrasound As a Marker of Severity of the Disease J
Puente et al. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology (2016) 14:60 DOI 10.1186/s12958-016-0185-6 RESEARCH Open Access Adenomyosis in infertile women: prevalence and the role of 3D ultrasound as a marker of severity of the disease J. M. Puente1*, A. Fabris1, J. Patel1, A. Patel1, M. Cerrillo1, A. Requena1 and J. A. Garcia-Velasco2* Abstract Background: Adenomyosis is linked to infertility, but the mechanisms behind this relationship are not clearly established. Similarly, the impact of adenomyosis on ART outcome is not fully understood. Our main objective was to use ultrasound imaging to investigate adenomyosis prevalence and severity in a population of infertile women, as well as specifically among women experiencing recurrent miscarriages (RM) or repeated implantation failure (RIF) in ART. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 1015 patients undergoing ART from January 2009 to December 2013 and referred for 3D ultrasound to complete study prior to initiating an ART cycle, or after ≥3 IVF failures or ≥2 miscarriages at diagnostic imaging unit at university-affiliated private IVF unit. Adenomyosis was diagnosed in presence of globular uterine configuration, myometrial anterior-posterior asymmetry, heterogeneous myometrial echotexture, poor definition of the endometrial-myometrial interface (junction zone) or subendometrial cysts. Shape of endometrial cavity was classified in three categories: 1.-normal (triangular morphology); 2.- moderate distortion of the triangular aspect and 3.- “pseudo T-shaped” morphology. Results: The prevalence of adenomyosis was 24.4 % (n =248)[29.7%(94/316)inwomenaged≥40 y.o and 22 % (154/ 699) in women aged <40 y.o., p = 0.003)]. Its prevalence was higher in those cases of recurrent pregnancy loss [38.2 % (26/68) vs 22.3 % (172/769), p < 0.005] and previous ART failure [34.7 % (107/308) vs 24.4 % (248/1015), p < 0.0001]. -
Dysmenorrhoea
[ Color index: Important | Notes| Extra | Video Case ] Editing file link Dysmenorrhoea Objectives: ➢ Define dysmenorrhea and distinguish primary from secondary dysmenorrhea ➢ • Describe the pathophysiology and identify the etiology ➢ • Discuss the steps in the evaluation and management options References : Hacker and moore, Kaplan 2018, 428 boklet ,433 , video case Done by: Omar Alqahtani Revised by: Khaled Al Jedia DYSMENORRHEA Definition: dysmenorrhea is a painful menstruation it could be primary or secondary Primary dysmenorrhea Definition: Primary dysmenorrhea refers to recurrent, crampy lower abdominal pain, along with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, that occurs during menstruation in the absence of pelvic pathology. It is the most common gynecologic complaint among adolescent girls. Characteristic: The onset of pain generally does not occur until ovulatory menstrual cycles are established. Maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis leading to ovulation occurs in half of the teenagers within 2 years post-menarche, and the majority of the remainder by 5 years post-menarche. (so mostly it’s occur 2-5 years after first menstrual period) • The symptoms typically begin several hours prior to the onset of menstruation and continue for 1 to 3 days. • The severity of the disorder can be categorized by a grading system based on the degree of menstrual pain, the presence of systemic symptoms, and impact on daily activities Pathophysiology Symptoms appear to be caused by excess production of endometrial prostaglandin F2α resulting from the spiral arteriolar constriction and necrosis that follow progesterone withdrawal as the corpus luteum involutes. The prostaglandins cause dysrhythmic uterine contractions, hypercontractility, and increased uterine muscle tone, leading to uterine ischemia. -
An Unusual Cause of Chronic Low Back Pain
Yunus Durmaz et al. / International Journal Of Advances In Case Reports, 2015;2(23):1425-1426. e - ISSN - 2349 - 8005 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CASE REPORTS Journal homepage: www.mcmed.us/journal/ijacr RETROVERTED UTERUS: AN UNUSUAL CAUSE OF CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN Yunus Durmaz1, Ilker Ilhanli2*, Kıvanc Cengiz3 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Division of Rheumatology, Mehmet Akif Inan Training and Research Hospital, Sanlıurfa, Turkey. 2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Giresun, Giresun, Turkey. 3Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Division of Rheumatology, Sivas Numune Hospital, Sivas, Turkey. Corresponding Author:- Ilker ILHANLI E-mail: [email protected] Article Info ABSTRACT Received 15/09/2015 Retroverted uterus can be associated with chronic low back pain. Physicians should keep in mind this Revised 27/10/2015 cause of chronic low back pain for the premenopausal women. Here we presented two female patients Accepted 2/11/2015 at the ages of 21 and 28; they were diagnosed as retroverted uterus by Magnetic Resonance Imaging with any other cause of chronic low back pain. Key words: Retroverted uterus; Low back pain; Magnetic resonance imaging. INTRODUCTION Retrovertion is an anatomical variation of the too. She reported any trauma or family history of uterus which can be associated with low back pain, as well spondyloarthropathy. There was no radiculopathy sign or as the chronic pelvic pain. Also it can cause congestive muscle spasm. She didn’t meet the criteria of fibromyalgia. dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia, and bladder and bowel Lomber Schober test was normal. Straight leg raising, symptoms [1]. -
FLOW (Finding Lasting Options for Women) Multicentre Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Tampons with Menstrual Cups
Research | Web exclusive FLOW (finding lasting options for women) Multicentre randomized controlled trial comparing tampons with menstrual cups Courtney Howard MD CCFP(EM) Caren Lee Rose MSc Konia Trouton MD CCFP MPH Holly Stamm MD CCFP Danielle Marentette MD CCFP Nicole Kirkpatrick MD CCFP(EM) Sanja Karalic MD CCFP MSc Renee Fernandez MD CCFP Julie Paget MD CCFP Abstract Objective To determine whether menstrual cups are a viable alternative to tampons. Design Randomized controlled trial. EDITOR’S KEY POINTS Setting Prince George, Victoria, and Vancouver, BC. • Patients are increasingly asking physicians about more environmentally friendly Participants A total of 110 women aged 19 to 40 years who had previously alternatives to disposable menstrual used tampons as their main method of menstrual management. management products, particularly menstrual cups, and about their Intervention Participants were randomized into 2 groups, a tampon group effectiveness compared with tampons. and a menstrual cup group. Using online diaries, participants tracked 1 Although the safety and efficacy of menstrual cycle using their regular method and 3 menstrual cycles using menstrual cups have been studied the method of their allocated group. previously, a randomized controlled trial comparing cups with tampons has never Main outcome measures Overall satisfaction; secondary outcomes been done. included discomfort, urovaginal infection, cost, and waste. • This study compared the experiences of Results Forty-seven women in each group completed the final survey, 5 of women using only tampons with women whom were subsequently excluded from analysis (3 from the tampon group using only menstrual cups over a period and 2 from the menstrual cup group). -
Why Menstrual Hygiene Products Should Be Provided for Free in Restrooms
University of Miami Law Review Volume 73 Number 1 Fall 2018 Article 10 10-30-2018 The Bring Your Own Tampon Policy: Why Menstrual Hygiene Products Should Be Provided for Free in Restrooms Elizabeth Montano Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.miami.edu/umlr Part of the Human Rights Law Commons Recommended Citation Elizabeth Montano, The Bring Your Own Tampon Policy: Why Menstrual Hygiene Products Should Be Provided for Free in Restrooms, 73 U. Miami L. Rev. 370 (2018) Available at: https://repository.law.miami.edu/umlr/vol73/iss1/10 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Miami Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Bring Your Own Tampon Policy: Why Menstrual Hygiene Products Should Be Provided for Free in Restrooms ELIZABETH MONTANO* Like toilet paper, menstrual hygiene products,1 such as tampons and pads, are necessities for managing natural and unavoidable bodily functions. However, menstrual hygiene products widely receive separate treatment in restrooms across the globe. While it would be absurd today to carry a roll of toilet paper at all times, it is considered necessary and common sense for all menstruators to carry menstrual hy- giene products at all times, for approximately forty years, in case of an emergency. This is the “Bring Your Own * Editor-in-Chief, University of Miami Law Review, Volume 73; J.D. -
Guide to Menstrual Hygiene Materials May 2019
Guide to menstrual hygiene materials May 2019 First edition Supply Division / Water, Sanitation & Education Centre Programme Division / Water, Sanitation & Hygiene 3 United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017 USA www.unicef.org Commentaries represent the personal views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the positions of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of the material do not imply on the part of UNICEF the expression of any opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of any country or territory, or of its authorities or the delimitations of its frontiers. Edited by Phil Poirier and designed by Noha Habaieb Cover illustration credits : © Noha Habaieb For more information on this document, please contact: Anne Cabrera-Clerget, Contracts Manager [email protected] Brooke Yamakoshi, WASH Specialist, [email protected] Guide to menstrual hygiene materials Contents Acknowledgements 6 Key terms 7 Overview 8 Introduction 9 Procuring menstrual hygiene materials and supplies 12 Consulting with girls and women 16 Understanding menstrual hygiene materials 20 Menstrual cloth 22 Reusable pad 24 Disposable sanitary pad 26 Tampon 28 Menstrual Cup 30 Summary of materials 32 Monitoring and learning 34 Annex I: Additional resources 36 Guide to menstrual hygiene materials 5 © UNICEF/UNI132359/Nesbitt Guide to menstrual hygiene materials Acknowledgements This guidance was prepared by Sophia Roeckel, menstrual hygiene management intern, Anne Cabrera-Clerget, -
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DE GRUYTER International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. 2020; 20190179 Miriam R. Singer1 / Nikita Sood1 / Eli Rapoport1 / Haelynn Gim1 / Andrew Adesman1,2 / Ruth Milanaik1,2,3 Pediatricians’ knowledge, attitudes and practices surrounding menstruation and feminine products 1 Department of Pediatrics, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Medical Center of New York, Lake Success, NY,USA, E- mail: [email protected]. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2352-702X. 2 Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY,USA, E-mail: [email protected]. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2352-702X. 3 Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Medical Center of New York, 1983 Marcus Avenue, Suite 130, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA, Phone: +516-802-6100, Fax: +516-802-6131, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Objective: This study investigates whether primary care pediatricians adhere to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations by routinely evaluating patients’ menstrual cycles and educating patients about menstruation and feminine products. Additionally, this study examines pediatricians’ knowledge and attitudes surrounding menstrual health topics. Methods: A 53-item online questionnaire was developed to evaluate pediatricians’ knowledge, attitudes and clinical practices regarding menstruation-related topics. The questionnaire was emailed to 2500 AAP mem- bers using a geographically-stratified sampling approach, with pediatricians in each state selected randomly. Mann-Whitney U tests, t-tests, and logistic regressions were used to assess associations between correlates and pediatricians’ knowledge, attitudes and practices. Results: Five hundred and eighteen out of 2500 pediatricians participated (response rate = 20.7%), 462 met inclusion criteria; 78.8% were female, 79.2% were Caucasian. -
The Unequal Price of Periods Menstrual Equity in the United States
The Unequal Price of Periods Menstrual Equity in the United States as allowable budgetary expenses for publicly funded Introduction schools, shelters, or crisis and emergency centers. They are not provided in a consistent or fully accessible On any given day, there are 800,000,000 people on way in correction and detention facilities. Menstrual the planet who are menstruating, of whom at least products are not covered by public health and 500,000,000 lack adequate resources — basic supplies, nutritional benefits programs, nor made uniformly facilities, information, and support — for managing available in schools or workplaces. And in 33 states, their periods.1 menstrual products are not exempt from sales taxes.5 Until very recently this issue had been given little Equity-based arguments — and the term “menstrual consideration in U.S. policies and laws. It is an equity,” coined by author Jennifer Weiss-Wolf — yield omission that affects everyone, but hits hardest the the most powerful narrative for countering the populations for whom access and agency is most inconsistencies and oversights that currently exist compromised: in American law and public policy. Indeed, this is the • For the nearly one in five American teenagers heart of the formal definition of menstrual equity set who live in poverty,2 lack of menstrual products forth in her book, “Periods Gone Public”: and support can lead to lost educational In order to have a fully equitable and opportunity. participatory society, we must have laws and • Those experiencing homelessness report policies that ensure menstrual products are infection caused by using tampons and pads for safe and affordable for everyone who needs longer than recommended or by improvising them. -
FAQ049 -- Your First Period
AQ The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FAQ049 fESPECIALLY FOR TEENS Your First Period • What is puberty? • What is a menstrual period? • When will I start my period? • How long do periods last? • How often will I get my period? • Why is it a good idea to track my period? • How can I track my period on a calendar? • What personal care products are available for me during my menstrual period? • How are pads used? • How often should I change my pad? • How are tampons used? • How do I choose a tampon? • How often should I change my tampon? • What are menstrual cups? • Does having a period cause pain or discomfort? • What is amenorrhea? • What if I am having heavy bleeding? • What if I have irregular periods? • Glossary What is puberty? Puberty is a time when your body begins to change to become more like an adult’s. Starting your menstrual period is one of these changes. What is a menstrual period? When puberty begins, your brain signals your body to produce hormones. Some of these hormones prepare your body each month for a possible pregnancy. This is called the menstrual cycle. Hormones cause the lining of the uterus to become thicker with extra blood and tissue. One of your ovaries then releases an egg. This is called ovulation. The egg moves down one of the two fallopian tubes toward the uterus. If the egg is not fertilized with a man’s sperm, pregnancy does not occur. The lining of the uterus breaks down and flows out of the body through your vagina. -
Menstrual Hygiene Matters Training Guide for Practitioners Acknowledgements
Menstrual hygiene matters Training guide for practitioners Acknowledgements This training guide was produced by Thérèse Mahon and Sue Cavill at WaterAid and jointly funded by the Sanitation and Hygiene Applied Research for Equity (SHARE) consortium and WaterAid. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Sarah House, independent consultant, and Bethany Caruso, Emory University, in designing sessions. Sessions have been adapted from resources published by WaterAid, Loughborough University’s Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC)1, and the International HIV Alliance2. We would also like to thank Sara Liza Baumann of Old Fan Films, who produced and directed the short film Adolescent school girls in Bangladesh on managing menstruation, and WaterAid India / Vatsalya, who produced the film Making invisible, the visible, for their kind permission to use these films. The editorial contribution of Richard Steele is highly appreciated. The sessions are based on the resource book Menstrual hygiene matters (www.wateraid.org/mhm) a comprehensive resource to improve menstrual hygiene management around the world. Menstrual hygiene matters was produced at WaterAid by Sarah House, Thérèse Mahon and Sue Cavill, with inputs from a wide range of individuals and organisations. The resource was jointly funded by SHARE and WaterAid and co-published by 18 organisations. For full details and to download the resource and the training guide please visit www.wateraid.org/mhm The Menstrual hygiene matters resource book and training guide were -
Menstrual Hygiene Around the World
A resource for improving menstrual hygiene around the world Sarah House, Thérèse Mahon and Sue Cavill p.2 Introductory pages Copyright © WaterAid. All rights reserved. This material is under copyright but may be reproduced by any method for educational purposes by anyone working to improve the lives of women and girls through strengthening menstrual hygiene knowledge and practices, as long as the source is clearly referenced. It should not be reproduced for sale or commercial purposes without prior written permission from the copyright holders. The authors would appreciate receiving information on when, where and for what purpose the materials have been used. Please send details to [email protected] Disclaimer This resource is a synthesis of good practice. While every effort has been made to obtain permission for the inclusion of materials, and also to verify that information is from a reputable source, checks have not been possible for all entries. Therefore, users are encouraged to follow up with the original references when considering using sections of this resource. This resource is for information only and should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of medical conditions. WaterAid has used all reasonable care in compiling the information but makes no warranty as to its accuracy. A doctor or other healthcare professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. All examples of commercial products included within this resource are for learning purposes only and do not suggest endorsement by WaterAid and co-publishing organisations. Cover: A young woman producing low cost, First edition, 2012 hygienic sanitary pads in Mirpur, Dhaka. -
Clinical Practice Guideline for Treatment Options for Menorrhagia
Clinical Practice Guideline for Treatment Options for Menorrhagia Menorrhagia is defined as heavy blood loss during menstruation for several consecutive cycles. This condition can be related to a number of underlying conditions (e.g. fibroids, polyps, hormonal imbalance, anovulation, adenomyosis, endometrial hyperplasia) or idiopathic in nature (often referred to as dysfunctional uterine bleeding). Women with certain bleeding conditions or who take certain medications can also have heavy menstrual bleeding. (e.g. von Willebrand disease, having a low platelet count, taking a blood thinner such as Warfarin.) The objective definition of Menorrhagia is monthly blood loss that exceeds 80 ml or lasts greater than 7 days. In a normal menstrual cycle, a woman loses an average of 2 to 3 tablespoons (35 to 40 milliliters) of blood over four to eight days. Symptoms of Heavy or Prolonged Menstrual Bleeding Women with heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding typically have one or more of the following: Soak through a pad or tampon every one or three hours on the heaviest days of the period Have bleeding for more than seven days Need to use both pads and tampons at the same time due to heavy bleeding Need to change pads or tampons during the night Pass blood clots larger than 1 inch (about 2.5cm) Iron deficiency anemia Diagnosis of Heavy or Prolonged Menstrual Bleeding Testing can include: Blood tests to look for anemia, iron levels, thyroid disease, or a bleeding disorder. A pelvic ultrasound (usually through the vagina), which can detect endometrial polyps and fibroids Endometrial biopsy Hysteroscopy Several minimally invasive techniques are available to treat this condition: 1).