University of Kentucky UKnowledge
Martin School of Public Policy and MPA/MPP Capstone Projects Administration
2013
Veterinary Specialty Certification: Analyzing the alueV of Certification Through the American Board of Veterinary Practitioners
Jeff Allen University of Kentucky
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Recommended Citation Allen, Jeff, "Veterinary Specialty Certification: Analyzing the alueV of Certification Through the American Board of Veterinary Practitioners" (2013). MPA/MPP Capstone Projects. 220. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/mpampp_etds/220
This Graduate Capstone Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Martin School of Public Policy and Administration at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in MPA/MPP Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ANALYZING
AMERICAN
VETERINARY
Martin
THE
BOARD
School
Dr.
VALUE
J.S.
of
Graduate
SPECIALTY
OF
Butler, Public
Summer
OF
Jeff
VETERINARY
CERTIFICATION
Policy
Allen
Faculty
Capstone
2013
CERTIFICATION:
and
Adviser
Administration
PRACTITIONERS
THROUGH
THE
1 Appendices
Discussion Wor}{S
Research Findings Problem Background
Executive TABLE
Limitations Analysis Conclusions PVCT Veterinary
Sample Perceived
Specialization
Appendix
Table
Table
Table Table
Cited
Statements
......
Statement
OF
Design
Characteristics
Summary
4 2 3
1:
......
......
......
......
Value
Certification
&
Perceived
......
CONTENTS
&
A:
......
Literature
Further
vs.
......
Survey
of
General
......
......
Certification
Value
Research
......
......
......
Review
Practice
of
Certification
......
......
......
......
Tool..
......
,
......
23 27 25 27 24 20 22 23 23 22
21
19
17
19
16
15
I 0
6 3 4 6
2 primarily concerned
advance
confidence.
obtaining
that
value.
diplomates
perceived
the
Overall, ABVP
developed
the
for
enhanced
certification
EXECUTIVE
the
Perceived
organizations
statements
Regressiona
American
certification
This
The
When
the
respondents
ABVP
career
value
to
were
However,
survey
quality
study
programs.
collect
Value
it
with
SUMMARY
comes
of
opportunities
more
certification.
Board
that
supports
ABVP
was
analysis
of
with
higher
with
of
data
agreed
offer
these
veterinary
likely
to
This
Certification
completed
of
regard
from
external
professional
certification
Veterinary
the
intrinsic
them.
revealed
benefits
with
study
to
Other
are
ABVP
argument
agree
to
medicine
17
Self-improvement,
just
rewards.
was
improved
by
value
of
Tool (PVCT). Tool
are
variables
the
with
415
certified
Practitioners
a
certification
conducted
within
the
few
largely
intrinsic
that
veterinarians who
received
them
by
18
of
income,
ABVP
PVCT the
instilling
had
and
the
internal
than
factor
veterinary
to
low
frequently
a
more
non-certified
(ABVP)
identify
is
number
non-dipomates.
statements;
recognition
enhanced
or
indeed fulfilling
veterinarians
to
and
agreement
negative
have
less
community.
by
provided
the
of
mentioned
ability
recording
potential
a
primary
likely
veterinarians,
however,
by
strong
correlation.
than
peers,
with
Factor
opinions
and
to
its
predictive
values those with those benefits
An
benefits
attract
and
greater
other
ABVP
public
stated mission
analysis
online
analyzing
relying
on
associated
veterinarians
benefits.
of
knowledge
benefit
can
certified
the
correlation
survey
extrinsic
certification
determined
be
value
heavily
the
cited
and
to
was
with
of
and
by
to
on
J PROBLEM STATEMENT
In today's competitive, knowledge-based workforce, specialized skill development offers
the opportunity to excel in one's chosen profession. When traditional education alone does not
confer upon its recipients the full range of ability or recognition that may be required in highly
focused fields or subfields, many professionals seek out an additional measure of achievement in
the form of a specialty certification (Institute for Credentialing Excellence).
Within the veterinary community, certification is widespread but far from ubiquitous; although veterinarians often seek out advanced training after medical school in the form of internships and residencies, these common precursors to board certification are not mandatory as they are in human medicine. For those who do wish to identify themselves as specialists, there are many recognized non-governmental organizations that provide a variety of veterinary certifications (AAVMC 1-2). Among them is the American Board of Veterinary Practitioners
(ABVP), which offers certification based on one's expertise in certain species groups (AVMA,
"Veterinary Specialists - 2012").
As is the case with most other veterinary certifying bodies, earning and then maintaining an ABVP certification is a lengthy process that is not without a significant commitment in both time and money, leaving some to wonder if the benefits of certification are worth the sacrifice.
Consequently, a fundamental question exists for ABVP, one shared by many professional ce1iifying boards, veterinary or otherwise, and that speaks to the very core of their existence what is the true value of certification?
For ABVP, the intended value of the certifying process can be gleaned from their mission statement: "The American Board of Veterinary Practitioners advances the quality of veterinary medicine through certification of veterinarians who deinonstrate excellence in species-oriented
4 motivations. information
nobility Only truly
with Declarations certifying
than
ABVP's
that for encouraging, their assumes specialist-level correlation
clinical practice"
settle evidence
being
veterinarians
its
such
non-certified
want
research
the
What
Financial
mission statement:
of
Applicant
a
to
question
is
veracity,
entities,
to
strong
intent
between
at
support
and
For
like
understand
would
are
present
can
skills
could
example,
simply nor
data
this,
correlation
(Applicant
certified
uncover
peers
in
ofrelevance
Handbook
and
or
be
certification
part
the
and
collected
inadequate.
with
make
oppose
the
in
(Report not
the
poetry
knowledge"
because
part
documented
by
result
the "The
their
the
value
better
Handbook
between
ABVP
about
the
because
true
for
by the
of
principal
appeal
main
on
and of
position they
Perhaps
and words
decisions
ABVP.
value
this
Veterinary
the
and
veterinary
the
purpose
(
American
impact
truly
they 4).
correlations
to
4).
research?
intent
can
of
other
income
goal
personal
This
the
that
Any
While
certification.
make
embody
about
prove
of
only of
of
is
veterinary
they
Compensation
gives
economic
excellence
certification;
Veterinary
self-improvement
the
certification
(y)
ABVP's
Veterinarians
for
ce1iification
growth
area
that
between
are
organization.
and
the
us
great
actually
a
a better
where
beliefs
ce1iification
mission
boards
gains
mission
and
is
marketing copy.
Medical
ABVP
in
which
however,
21).
research
achievement,
based
regard would to
enjoyed
starting
succeeding
do
statement
which
Consider
Unfortunately,
is
through
certification
typically
is
Association
an
on (x)
have
even to
has
it
point
admirable
by
their
these
variables,
income.
is
specialists,
demonstrating
demonstrated
in
Yet
the
more
greater access
is only
are
earn
than
personal
being
their
groups
following
neither
and
common
starting
(A
to
even
more
income
one,
it
stated
VMA)
the
fulfilled.
firmly
does
adhere
while
if
the
the
point
than
point.
one
any
among
from
reason
to
not
if
show
held
we
to
5 values would not only be a key decision-making factor in favor of pursuing certification, it
would also serve as a motivational force throughout the difficult certifying process.
For ABVP, detailed evidence that they are indeed fulfilling their mission would provide
an internal sense of validation while confirming their importance to the broader veterinary
community. However, just as it helps to know the true benefits of certification, so to is there
merit in discovering any lack thereof. If, for instance, ABVP's certification process ultimately
results in no measurable positive outcomes, they will have effectively failed at their mission.
Such a revelation would likely result in needed reforms that might not otherwise have been
implemented.
An attempt to collect and analyze the relevant data for these purposes forms the basis this research.
BACKGROUND & LITERATURE REVIEW
Veterinary Certification
The AVMA reports that approximately 97,000 veterinarians are practicing in the United
States today. About two-thirds work in private practice, typically as either an associate or practice owner; the rest are employed by public or corporate entities. Just over 75% of those in private practice work either predominantly or exclusively with pets, also known as companion animals. Those who fall outside of this category are mostly large animal practitioners, working with either horses or food animals, such as cows, pigs and poultry. Among the veterinarians employed in the public or corporate arenas, the largest contingent-about 42%-work for universities. The rest are chiefly divided among various government agencies and private industries ("U.S. Veterinarians- 2012").
6 these
certifying with is experience perfunctory
American graduated the
confirm
competency
certifying state ability the influenza traditional profession. creating house subfields.
not
case
veterinary
colleges
or
organizations,
bestowed
calls
(AVMA,
In
This
other
that
with
a
strains
examination response
From
organizations have
from demand
Veterinary
concept
(American
has
Much
steps
to
snapshot
a
many
governmental
that
community
practitioner
be
faded
an
by
the
"A
keep
such
like
award
employed
accredited
for
government
of
to
VMA
professions,
neighborhood
they
Licensing
away
the of
the
researchers
niche
in
Veterinary
as
(ABVS,
veterinary
degrees).
human
all
providing family
expanding
Guidelines").
are
has
in
jurisdiction.
require
services,
in
been
college
evident (Bureau
favor
the
a
entities
"Policies
Exam
veterinarians
medicine,
given
Medical
hard
appropriate
clinic,
While
founded
medicine
the
veterinarians
of
depth
of
to
(AA
the
profession.
at
but
appropriate
Being
veterinary
the
Licensure
where
the
&
work,
highly
Association,
where
and
VMC
by
to
Procedures" Centers
conditions
demonstrates
evolved
are
education
aid
nonprofit
certified
of
breadth
the
the
5).
Labor
to specialized
required
the
in
For
medicine
is
burgeoning
state
increasingly
obtain
for
Veterinary
developing
quaint
a
into
veterinarians,
form
of
is
"A
Disease
for
Statistics,
boards
and
4-5).
licensing
not
veterinary
a
to
VMA
the
some
becoming
myriad
image
of
as
has
obtain
field
equivalent
broad
public
well
popularity
and
specialty
Control,
specialized
specialized
met
form
Guidelines")
"Occupational
we
board
of
of
colleges
a
as
science,
this typicallythis
and
the minimum
the
license
know a
protection
of
highly
scores
specialist
to
with
additional
where
town complex
certification,
of
being
knowledge
today,
skill
(not
to
exotic
a
advanced
evidence
from
as
doctor
number
practice
avian
designed
well
sets
to
Outlook").
licensed.
vary
nature
involves
so
standards
the
training
be
pets
required
too
and
who
as
among
however,
confused
North
of
of
fields
and
in
is
pass
of
has
having
swine
to
makes
As
their
fairly
the
or
of
the
a
and
is
of
7 The origins of veterinary specialty certification date back to 1950, when the first two
organizations petitioned the A VMA for recognition. The following year, the original guidelines
for the approval of veterinary specialty organizations were put in place, opening the door for the
formal recognition and advancement of numerous fields and subfields of veterinary science. In
1959, the AVMA established what is today known as the American Board of Veterinary
Specialties (ABVS) to facilitate the creation of new specialties and provide oversight for existing ones (ABVS, "Policies & Procedures" 1). According to A VMA nomenclature, an approved certifying board is known as a Recognized Veterinary Specialty Organization, or RVSO, while the specialty itself is called a Recognized Veterinary Specialty, or RVS. There are currently 22
RVSOs in the United States offering veterinary specialties in 40 categories-from anesthesia to zoological medicine (AAVMC 2).
Founded in 1978, the American Board of Veterinary Practitioners is a well established
RVSO that focuses on species-based care of the whole patient. While most RVSOs award specialties in specific medical disciplines, such as surgery or internal medicine, ABVP was developed for veterinarians who demonstrate advanced ability and knowledge across the broad spectrum of clinical practice, yet focused on a single species group. ABVP began with three
RVS categories-Companion Mammal, Equine and Food Animal-but has since expanded to cover the following specialties: Avian, Equine, Beef Cattle, Feline, Canine & Feline, Food
Animal, Dairy, Exotic Companion Mammal, Reptile & Amphibian, and Swine Health
Management (ABVP, Applicant Handbook 4). Within these ten categories, ABVP boasts 900 active diplomates (as certified veterinary specialists are called) making it the fourth largest of the
22 RVSOs (AVMA, "Veterinary Specialists-2012").
8 2008 candidates percent candidates
48.5%
For
even
long
also
credentials
applicants pursue Credentials
portions
commitment. both
ce1iifying
their
curriculum must
Committee
species
those
given
as
sections,
at
advanced
(9).
submit
of
Not
its
six,
To
of
category
of
Unlike
the
distinguished
examination
examinees
most
annually,
in are
become
accepted
the
vitae,
members if
surprisingly,
are
a
375
the
A
it is
ce1iification
retaking
credentials
packet
clinical
then
efficient,
thorough
the
first
by
credentials
record
the
achieved
a
completing
reviewed
typically
credentialing
(8)
diplomate
necessary evaluate
who
year,
have
that
the
ability
enough
and
of
the
ABVP
credentials
packet that
pass
exam is
passing
continuing
takes
at
been
then
pursuit
applications
awarded
in
all.
only
(ABVP,
the
both
to
of
continuing
an
October.
certification
accepted,
or
three
place
ABVP
application
process,
sit
ABVP,
extensive
once a
rates
sitting
of
sections
for
packet
includes,
(25).
education
Applicant
ABVP
more
over
the exam,
for
records
were
Applicants
a
year,
it
the applicant which
education hours
veterinarian
the exam
the
can
for
chances
of credentialing
is
materials
certification
among
approved
the exam
beginning
a
course
the
take
and
indicate
Handbook
year-long
rather
the
first
have
to
two
over
do
other
road
of
and
pass
decisively
time.
may
must
not (2012
that
every
case
a
a
three
in January
and
requires
day
process
and
ahead
grade
year
documents,
13).
the
deviate
register
between
demonstrate
study
examination
ABVP
year
and
develop
opportunities
examination
A
to
the
is
filters
team
a
complete
and
a
slightly
manuscripts
has
much
significant
to
(8).
manuscripts.
half.
RVSO
2008
could
sit
their
an
averaged $75.5%
of
out
The
based
If
expertise
for
official
Credentials
process.
and
more
Annual
the
a
(24). as
case
to
examination
possibly
a
candidate
aspiring
two-part
time
have
2012
least
on
that
favorable.
reports.
Therefore,
Once
application,
whether
in
Report Applicants
document
their
suitable
only
their
take
all
passes
since
is
as
8).
The
9 All of this also comes at a financial cost for the applicant. The application fee is $400 and
the examination fee is $525 (26). Many veterinarians also hire proofreaders and editors to review
their case reports. When an interesting case comes along that an applicant thinks would be ideal
for a manuscript, many have chosen to pay for lab work and other procedures out of their own
pocket to ensure the case is fully documented (32). Once a candidate becomes certified, they must pay an annual fee of $250 to maintain that certification (26).
Specialization vs. General Practice
Of the roughly 97,000 licensed veterinarians in the United States, only about 11,000 can claim to have a certified specialty recognized by the American Veterinary Medical Association
(AVMA, "Veterinary Specialists - 2012"). The long and rigorous process to become a board certified diplomate of ABVP reflects the fact that so few veterinarians achieve a specialty certification. However, a number of variables influence the decision whether or not to specialize.
The economic climate for veterinary medicine and its various subfields is no doubt among the most salient considerations.
The professional outlook for veterinarians has been subject to considerable research and speculation over the years as analysts have attempted to predict the job market for veterinary medicine and reconcile it against both the strong interest in veterinary medicine among aspiring health professionals and the comparatively lower wages veterinarians receive in the medical field relative to their training. From a scholarly standpoint, one of the most thorough works on the subject was published in 1997 by Malcolm Getz, whose research did not look optimistically on the prospects for current and future veterinarians. In Veterinary Medicine in Economic
Transition, Getz argued that veterinarians were becoming increasingly oversupplied in the market, due, in part, to state government subsidies of veterinary schools, a very positive
10 perception In
medicine a terms where be remarkable
population Interestingly, in veterinarians, gains 2011 traditional put expand Compensation experienced
snakes
1997
year
his
2005,
a
the
downward
(11) dollars,
for
forecasting
(3).
while
salaries
and Despite
number
What
even
resulting
veterinarians
are
Getz
compared
of
companion
would
other
progress.
the
a
more
unlikely
accounts veterinarians this
this
mean
surge
for
lists
these effectively
pressure
of
actual
once
model,
represents
growth in reach
veterinarians
active
than
the
2011
of
a to
dire
In
to
period
unlikely
animals
have number
for
interest
mean
$65,208
expected.
the
a
become on
veterinarians
Getz
has income predictions,
steady
the
summarized
by
salaries
15
outpaced
real
full-time
of
occurred
surprisingly
society,
predicted
years
would
like
in
household
had
rapidly
in
state increases more
was
specialty
Getz
1997
dogs
and
already
since
inflation.
increase
of
market
$132,205
and
at
income
attractive
while
estimated
his
decelerated
fewer
the (35).
and about
97,111
companions
the
strong of an
conclusions
and
demonstrated
demand
cats
the
$19,506
For conditions increasing
publication
employment
for
by
80,000
exotic The
(11)
(AVMA,
economically
supply
that
continue demand
corporate
1,336
veterinarians
growth
AVMA's
for
versus $76,275
the
pets. and
(35).
has
by
of (33-35). veterinarians
interest
for
oversupply
little
for
of "U.S.
$18,057,
to stating,
new
increased
opportunities-all As until
and
However,
veterinarians
Getz'
remain
veterinary
Report
over
a
change
veterinarians
in
publically
Veterinarians
result,
in
2015
The
private
s
"careers
the
respectively
the
research,
in popular,
considerably
of
results,
on
would
AVMA
when
field
since
the
1997
next
veterinarians
services?
Veterinary
have practice
employed
population
in
from
the veterinary
decade"
the
grow
(36).
has he
annual
the
veterinary
-
in
estimates
demonstrated
argued,
(12). 1970s
an
continued
pet
2012"). women
While
In by at in
industry
income
$118,726
recent
terms industry
(13).
would
modest
of
in
would
for
turtles,
real
(153).
of
to
years
2012
peak
888
has
in
11 (AVMA, US Pet Dlvnership 46). In addition to the broadening diversity of animals in American
homes, pet owners themselves also appear to go undergoing a change. A VMA research shows
that 63.2% of pet owners consider their pets a part of their family, up considerably from 49.7%
just five years earlier (7).
Another development with significant affecting on the industry is the rapid advancement
of many areas of veterinary science. Ailments that are commonly treated in humans but that
typically required euthanasia for animals are now faced with greater parity as new technologies,
surgical procedures, and pharmaceutical options are being developed. Veterinary medicine has
also experienced increased demands in fields related to public health and biomedical research.
Concerns regarding avian influenza and other zoonotic diseases as well as the ongoing threat of bioterrorism will likely continue to fuel the need for veterinarians with training in these areas
(Bureau of Labor Statistics, "Job Outlook").
In light of these recent developments in the broader veterinary community, one should have no trouble seeing how these events have influenced the development of veterinary specialties. The advances in the breadth and depth of veterinary science, when combined with a more informed and, at times, emotionally invested consumer base, create opportunities for specialists to occupy and develop a number of new market niches. Dr. Larry R. Corry, former president of the AVMA, put it this way, "As the human-animal bond continues to grow, veterinarians are being asked by pet owners to provide increasingly advanced treatments, and this is driving them into specialties like internal medicine, neurology and oncology" (AVMA,
New A VMA Market Data).
With regard to ABVP specifically, there exists a number opportunities for certified individuals to have a competitive advantage over other practitioners. For example, while equine
12 growing hospitals
diplomates feline
"Veterinary specialists
or veterinarian veterinarians loans graduation is salary feel $29,000, bigger
salary certification a
certified.
mean
imposing
three
as
to or
of
data
paycheck Despite
if
Despite
annual years
pay demand
exotic
have
they about
it
Though
by
certified with
may
collected
Specialists
enough;
can
off.
are
to
the
after
have
been
animal
income a
$65,500
engage the
the
seem
typically
significant.
Approximately
and
market
today.
thousands,
not
graduation.
no
additional around
average
in
for
willingness by
nearly as
those
medicine. choice
of
-
in
a the
residents
environment
pronounced, 2012").
make-a year
$179,920
additional
for
AVMA
amount
In the species
insmmountable
but
work
decades,
for
2011, However,
vast
89%
Not This
to
to
and
veterinarians
significant
pay
and compared
eschew suggests
groups
owed
training
majority
veterinary
surprisingly,
of
that specialists
may interns
a
for
income
veterinary
these
number
seems
being
have
specialized
(Lightfoot).
the
through
(Shepherd
that
in
of
to
disincentive
positions
long-term not
specialists restrictions advance
to
veterinarians never pursue in
also
near
$113,474
the of
many
due
students report
excess
pursuing
veterinarians
enjoyed a long-term
perfectly
to
care residency
and
of
study usually
the
benefits of
for who
for
these
imposed by
Pikel
specialties $150,000.
fact
a
those
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VMA
certified
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corresponding
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analyze
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ABVP.
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data
veterinarians
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responses
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considered
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specialties
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comprehensive
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certification
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certification
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predicting
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inferences
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study
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not
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perceived
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only
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to
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in
23
wishes, wishes,
it it
are are
Because Because
benefits benefits
advance advance
veterinary veterinary
Being Being
factors factors
resulted resulted
certification. certification.
with with
veterinarians veterinarians
organizations. organizations.
Co11clusio11s Co11clusio11s
community, community,
must must
less less
professional professional
female female
do do
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provided provided
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for for
likely likely
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in in
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medicine medicine
example, example,
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perceived perceived
quality quality
greater greater
study study
it it
Respodents Respodents
indicates indicates
results results
to to
did did
identification identification
would would
more more
to to
attract attract
no no
not not
ce1iification ce1iification
help help
on on
of of
encouragement encouragement
professional professional
is is
to to
provide provide
years years
have have
allow allow
the the
veterinary veterinary values values
not not
high high
make make
veterinarians veterinarians
establish establish
did did
perceived perceived value
likely likely
a a
of of
RVSO's RVSO's
levels levels
strong strong
of of
strong strong
not not
these these
of of
experience experience
are are
intrinsic intrinsic
certification certification
better better
to to
confidence, confidence,
agree agree
medicine, medicine,
indeed indeed
of of
a a
change change
correlation. correlation.
for for
evidence evidence
reality. reality.
who who
to to
agreement agreement
compensation compensation
that that
achieving achieving
evaluate evaluate
values values
also also
being being
are are
of of
certification certification
certification certification
primarily primarily
certification certification ABVP
have have
personal personal
more more
that that
increased increased
as as
The The
realized realized
that that
their their
ABVP ABVP
having having
ABVP ABVP
been been shown
focused focused
increasing increasing
many many
or or
by by
own own
satisfaction, satisfaction,
according according
the the
industry industry
improves improves
by by
providing providing
certification certification
is is
a a
perceived perceived
of of
very very
ABVP ABVP
achieving achieving
on on
likelihood likelihood
the the
to to
external external
representation representation
significant significant
by by
recognition recognition
be be
benefits benefits
salaries. salaries.
to to
diplomates. diplomates.
and and
certified certified
certified certified
predominately predominately
these these
value value
at at
success success
of of
other other
rewards. rewards.
all. all.
becoming becoming
commonly commonly
results. results.
In In
relative relative
predictive predictive
veterinarians veterinarians
non-certified non-certified and
intrinsic intrinsic
for for
fact, fact,
of of
in in
Factor Factor
women women
If If
its its
its its
extrinsic extrinsic
ABVP ABVP
to to
internal, internal,
diplomates, diplomates,
certified. certified.
goal goal
associated associated
rewards. rewards.
peer peer
factor factor
analysis analysis
in in
to to
with with
they they
on on 24 24 Haskins,
-.
Gaberson,
Byrne,
Competency Bureau -.
-.
Association
-.
-.
-.
American
American
WORKS
American
A
"U.S.
New Applicant
"Veterinary
US.
VMA
M.,
Nursing
AORN
study."
2012-13
Univeristy Requirements:
Medical
Association,
Practitioners, 2010, Career Certified
2012. of
Veterinary
Pet
AVMA
M.,
Veterinarians
Labor
CITED
Veterinary
K.B., Board
Board
Report
W.
of
Ownership &
&
C.
Web. Print.
Handbook/or
Journal
Valentine
MEDSURG
American
Choices.
Credentialing
Outlook
Hnatiuk Specialists
Market
Association,
Edition,
et
Statistics,
Veterinarians.
of
of
on
Press,
Specialties.
al.
28
Veterinary
Veterinary
2013.
2012.
Veterinary
Medical
"The
2013
June 79.4
-
Data
Schaumberg,
51
and
Veterinarians."
2013.
and
Veterinary
2012."
Demographic
Print.
-
Nursing
U.S.
perceived
Print.
(2003):
(2004):
2013.
Edition
Board
L.
2012."
2012.
S.
Reveals
Institute.
Association.
2012.
Print. Specialties. Practitioners.
Yoder.
n.d.
Carter.
Department
Market
Compensation.
Print.
Certification.
272-276.
for
825-835.
20.2
Market Web.
Medical
Print.
value
Trends
IL:
Research
"Medical-surgical
"The
2014
29
Research
Sourcebook.
(2011):
American
28
Policies
A
March
of
Research
of of
Value
2012
Print.
Matriculation.
VMA Print.
June
in
Colleges.
certification
Veteirnary
Schaumberg,
71-93.
and
Nashville:
Labor.
Statisitcs.
ABVP
2013.
2012.
Guidelines
of
and
Veterinary
Articles.
Schaumburg, Statistics.
Certification
Veterinary
Print.
Procedures:
Web.
"Occupational
RVSO
nurses
by
Medicine,
American West
Feb.
IL:
certifed
on
n.d.
1
Medical
Annual
n.d.
perceived
July
the
American
2013.
Lafayette,
School
Web.
A -
Il:
Web.
Identification
American
2013.
Pet
perioperative
American
Board
Research
Report.
Web.
Outlook
Association,
8
Care
Admission
July
1
value
Veterinary
July
IN:
of
1
2013.
and
Board
July
Nashville,
Veterinary
Purdue
of
Handbook,
Journey."
Veterinary
2013.
of
certification
Women's
nurses."
2013.
9
Board
of
March
Medical
TN,
25 Niebuhr,
Getz, Lightfoot, Institute Sechrist, Shepherd,
Malcolm.
Press, American
Tool." (2007):
indebtedness
for
K.R.
B.
Allison Teresa.
Credentialing
and
1997.
Journal
and
176-181.
Veterinary
M.
Veterinary
Personal
J.
L.E.
Biel.
Print.
and
of
of
Berlin.
year-2012
Print.
Laura
Professional
"The
Excellence.
Medicine
interview.
Medical
value
"Psychometric
Pikel.
graduates
of
in
Association
"Employment,
15
Nursing
What
specialty
Economic
July
of is
2013.
Evaluation
Credentialing?
US 22
nursing
241.7
(2006):
Transition.
veterinary
starting
(2012):
certification."
of
248-252.
the
salaries,
medical
Ames,
n.d.
Perceived
890-894.
Web.
Print.
IA:
and
colleges."
Nursing
28
Iowa
Print.
educational
Value
June
State
Outlook
Journal
2013.
of
Certification
University
55.4
of
the
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you
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have
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have
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than
currently
currently
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not casually pursued
researched
years
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considered
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OF
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r r r r
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from
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at
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have
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30
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20
25
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board
years
to
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to
taken
CERTIFICATION
Board
34
29
24
considered
certification?
years
years
years
or
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r
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to
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more.
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Health
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Management
27 7. Below are statements that relate to perceived values of certification by the American Board of Veterinary Practitioners. Please indicate the degree to which you agree or disagree with the statements as they relate to ABVP certification by indicating SA for strongly agree, A for agree, D for disagree, SD for strongly disagree and NO for no opinion.
Validates specialized knowledge SA A D SD NO
Indicates level of clinical competence SA A D SD NO
Indicates attainment of a practice standard SA A D SD NO
Enhances professional credibility SA A D SD NO
Promotes recognition from peers SA A D SD NO
Promotes recognition from other health professionals SA A D SD NO
Promotes recognition from employers SA A D SD NO
Increases consumer confidence SA A D SD NO
Enhances feeling of personal accomplishment SA A D SD NO
Enhances personal confidence in clinical abilities SA A D SD NO
Provides personal satisfaction SA A D SD NO
Professional challenge SA A D SD NO
Enhances professional autonomy SA A D SD NO
Indicates personal growth SA A D SD NO
Provides evidence of professional commitment SA A D SD NO
Provides evidence of accountability SA A D SD NO
Increases marketability SA A D SD NO
Increases salary SA A D SD NO
8. What is your gender? r Female
Male r Prefer not to answer
28