Sour Gas Corrosion In

SOUR GAS CORROSION IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

TO: DR. ASHLEY CAUSTON

RE: CHEM 409 CORROSION PROJECT – GROUP 12

DATE: NOVEMBER 3, 2009

FROM: EVAN KIMICK ANDREW RICHARDS KEVIN LOU CALVIN GEE Kimick E, Richards A, Lou K, Gee C

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abd El Haleem SM. 2008. Electrochemical behaviour of iron in alkaline sulphide solutions. Corrosion Engineering, Science & Technology. 43(2):173-178.

The author of this article describes how hydrogen sulphide corrosion affects the petrochemical and oil/gas industry. The purpose of this article is to outline the behaviour of iron in varying concentrations of NaOH solution (produced by adding a caustic soda to overcome H2S corrosion), as well as the increase of S2- ions through cyclic voltammetric and galvanostatic measurements. The author gives a detailed analysis of the electrochemistry for multiple iron/hydroxide reactions, effects of iron ion films, and oxidation and reduction reactions on the anode and cathode, respectively. The author’s analysis is valuable for our project because it directly correlates corrosion processes caused by H2S with respect to iron alkaline solutions.

Frolova LV, Kazanskii LP, Kuznetsov YI, Tomina EV. 2008. Inhibition of Hydrogen Sulfide Corrosion of Steel by Catamin AB. Protection of Metals. 44:692-697.

This report summarizes experimental data, which shows that Catamin AB (a quaternary ammonium compound, QAC) may be used as an effective inhibitor to H2S corrosion of steel. The experimental data presented shows that Catamin AB is effective in slowing down the corrosion of steel by H2S. This is an important advancement for the oil and gas industry, where the corrosion of pipelines from H2S is a major issue. The authors’ research has provided an innovative solution to the issue of H2S corrosion in pipelines, and they have provided us with an in depth understanding of the chemistry behind QAC inhibitors.

Kudryavtsev DB, Panteleeva AR, Yurina AV, Lukashenko SS, Khodyrev YP, Galiakberov RM, Khaziakhmetov DN, Kudryavtseva LA et al. 2009. Polymeric Inhibitors of Hydrogen Sulfide Corrosion. Petroleum Chemistry. 49:193-198

This article describes how different aggregation properties of polymers may affect the inhibitory activity of H2S and CO2 corrosion of iron. Through this article, the author exemplifies how the radii of the polymer aggregates and the critical concentrations of polymers are determined through provided experimental data. This article is valuable as its result shows that polymers at a concentration of 10- 25mg/L would have a high inhibiting activity in H2S corrosion of iron.

Moran P, Natishan P. 2001. Corrosion and Corrosion Control. In: Kirk-Othmer

Kimick E, Richards A, Lou K, Gee C

Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 7:796-819.

Moran and Nitshan’s article on Corrosion and Corrosion Control provides a brief introduction of concepts necessary to understanding corrosion and the corrosion industry. The authors describe general concepts of electrochemistry that pertain to corrosion, and provide various methods of corrosion prevention including cathodic protection and the implementation of inhibitors. This article also explains the environmental impacts that are associated with corrosion, and helps illustrate the importance of corrosion within society. This article provides us with a broad understanding of corrosion chemistry and the corrosion industry, which will aid us determining the necessary factors to consider in subsequent research.

ObaniJesu EO. 2009. Modeling the H2S Contribution to Internal Corrosion Rate of Natural Gas Pipeline. Energy Sources, Part A. 31:348-363.

ObaniJesu explains H2S corrosion in natural gas pipelines through a societal context by briefly describing the environmental aspects associated with natural gas pipelines damaged by corrosion. The article also provides a description of the major factors that affect the rate of corrosion (i.e. pH, wall shear stress and fugacity). The author then develops a model for predicting the rate of internal corrosion in a pipeline. This has helped in understanding the key factors related to corrosion, and how corrosion damage may be minimized. The model provided by the author has given our research a theoretical base from a thermodynamic perspective.

Ramirez E, Gonzalez-Rodriguez JG, Torres-Islas A, Serna S, Campillo B, Dominguez- Patino G, Juarez-Islas JA. 2008. Effect of microstructure on the sulphide stress cracking susceptibility of a high strength pipeline steel. Corrosion Science. 50(12):3534-3541.

This article describes the sulphide stress cracking (SSC) process for three different microstructures of a high strength microalloyed steel through a slow strain rate testing technique. The corrosion rate, number of hydrogen atoms, and percentage area reduction of a carbon-manganese steel with nickel, copper and molybdium microalloys were determined for a variety of increasing temperatures. The martensitic microstructure was the most susceptible to SCC at all temperatures and the ferritic microstructure was only susceptible to SCC at twenty-five degrees Celsius. This article is very valuable as it provides basic electrochemistry, hydrogen permeation measurements, and a discussion related to hydrogen embrittlement as a key mechanism for SCC, one of the most common and detrimental forms of H2S corrosion.

Wibowo AY. 2009. Marine and Oil & Gas Piping Construction: Predicting Pipeline

Kimick E, Richards A, Lou K, Gee C

Corrosion [Internet]; [Cited 2009 November 1]. Available from: http://pipemarmech-construction.blogspot.com/search/label/Corrosion

This blog describes how the “Predicting Pipeline Corrosion” model (windows-based program) was developed. The phase IV market version of this program is capable of accurately predicting the corrosion rate with different parameters. This blog also describes the effects of CO2 and H2S on the corrosion rate. Also, some other parameters that may have big impact on the corrosion rate such as wettability and phase-equilibrium calculations are also analyzed in this blog. Overall, this blog illustrates that there are both thermodynamic and chemistry properties that must be taken into consideration when researching and analyzing the effects of corrosion.