Daily Internet Tracking Survey

November 2004 Post-Election Final Topline 12/21/04 1 Tracking Survey Data for November 4 – November 22, 2004

Princeton Survey Research Associates International for the Pew Internet & American Life Project

Sample: n = 2,200 adults 18 and older Interviewing dates: 11.04.04 – 11.22.04 Margin of error is plus or minus 2 percentage points for results based on the full sample [n=2,200] Margin of error is plus or minus 3 percentage points for results based on internet users [n=1,324] Margin of error is plus or minus 4 percentage points for results based on total online political news consumers [n=937]

Q1 Overall, are you satisfied or dissatisfied with the way things are going in this country today?

DON’T KNOW SATISFIED DISSATISFIED /REFUSED Current 46 46 8 May/June 20041 33 56 11 February 20042 40 50 10 November 20033 43 49 9 July 20034 46 45 9 June 20035 49 42 9 April/May 20036 54 37 8 March 12-19, 20037 42 49 10 March 3-11, 20038 41 51 8 February 20039 38 54 9 December 200210 41 47 11 November 200211 43 48 10 October 200212 40 49 11 September 200213 44 45 10 July 200214 45 43 11 March/May 200215 52 37 11 January 200216 58 33 9 December 200117 61 29 10 November 200118 62 28 9 October 200119 57 33 10 September 200120 46 44 11 August 200121 44 46 10 February 200122 53 38 10 December 200023 50 42 8 November 200024 50 41 9 October 200025 53 39 8 September 200026 51 40 9 July/August 200027 52 39 9

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L May/June 200028 51 41 8 March/April 200029 50 41 9 Q2 Now I have a few questions about whether you spent any time reading or watching 2 the NEWS yesterday. Just thinking about YESTERDAY, did you get a chance to read a daily newspaper, or not?

DON’T KNOW YES NO /REFUSED Current 38 62 * November 2002 39 61 * October 2002 41 58 * September 2002 39 61 * June 26-July 26, 2002 38 62 * March/May 2002 38 62 * January 2002 41 59 * Dec. 17-23, 2002 39 61 * Nov. 19-Dec. 16 2001 38 62 * Oct. 19-Nov. 18 2001 38 61 1 October 2-7 2001 41 59 0 August 2001 39 61 * February 2001 40 60 * Fall 2000 40 60 * July/August 2000 40 60 * May/June 2000 38 62 * March/April 2000 41 59 *

Q3 Did you watch the news or a news program on television yesterday, or not?

NO, DID YES, WATCHED NOT WATCH TV NEWS TV NEWS DON’T KNOW YESTERDAY YESTERDAY /REFUSED Current 62 38 1 November 2002 61 39 * October 2002 66 33 * September 2002 59 40 1 June 26-July 26, 2002 59 41 * March/May 2002 59 41 1 January 2002 65 35 * Dec. 17-23, 2002 61 38 * Nov. 19-Dec. 16 2001 64 36 * Oct. 19-Nov. 18 2001 65 34 1 October 2-7 2001 65 35 * August 2001 57 42 * February 2001 61 39 * Fall 2000 64 36 * July/August 2000 57 43 * May/June 2000 54 46 * March/April 2000 58 42 *

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q4 Some people seem to follow what’s going on in government and public affairs most 3 of the time, whether there’s an election or not. Others aren’t that interested. Would you say you follow what’s going on in government and public affairs…

MID-OCT CURRENT NOV 2004 3 0 2004 JUNE 2004 NOV 2002 NOV 2000 3 1 NOV 1998 3 2 % 54 Most of the time 61 63 49 49 51 46 26 Some of the time 27 26 35 27 32 27 11 Only now and then 9 8 12 14 12 14 8 Hardly at all 3 3 4 9 5 13 1 Don’t know/Refused * * * 1 * *

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q5 Do you use a computer at your workplace, at school, at home, or anywhere else on at least an occasional basis? 4 DON’T KNOW YES NO /REFUSED Current 68 32 0 May/June 2004 71 29 * February 2004 73 27 * November 2003 72 27 * July 2003 71 29 * June 2003 71 29 * April/May 2003 69 31 * March 20-25, 200333 70 30 * March 12-19, 2003 65 35 0 March 3-11, 2003 71 29 * February 2003 70 30 0 December 2002 68 32 0 November 2002 70 30 * October 2002 69 31 * September 2002 68 32 * July 2002 69 31 * March/May 2002 69 31 * January 2002 67 33 0 December 2001 64 36 * November 2001 65 35 * October 2001 62 38 * September 2001 63 37 * August 2001 66 34 0 February 2001 65 35 0 December 2000 69 31 * November 2000 65 35 * October 2000 64 36 * September 2000 62 38 * July/August 2000 63 37 * May/June 2000 60 40 * March/April 2000 63 37 *

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q6 Do you ever go online to access the Internet or World Wide Web or to send and receive email? 5 DOES NOT GO GOES ONLINE ONLINE Current 61 39 May/June 2004 63 37 February 2004 63 37 November 2003 64 36 July 2003 63 37 June 2003 62 38 April/May 2003 63 37 March 20-25, 2003 58 42 March 12-19, 2003 56 44 March 3-11, 2003 62 38 February 2003 64 36 December 2002 57 43 November 2002 61 39 October 2002 59 41 September 2002 61 39 July 2002 59 41 March/May 2002 58 42 January 2002 61 39 December 2001 58 42 November 2001 58 42 October 2001 56 44 September 2001 55 45 August 2001 59 41 February 2001 53 47 December 2000 59 41 November 2000 53 47 October 2000 52 48 September 2000 50 50 July/August 2000 49 51 May/June 200034 47 53 March/April 2000 48 52

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q7 Did you happen to go online or check your email yesterday?

Based on Internet users [N=1,324] 6 YES, WENT NO, DID NOT ONLINE GO ONLINE DON’T KNOW YESTERDAY YESTERDAY /REFUSED Current 61 39 * May/June 2004 53 46 1 February 2004 55 44 * November 2003 54 45 * July 2003 52 47 1 June 2003 55 44 * April/May 2003 58 42 * March 20-25, 2003 56 44 * March 3-11, 2003 60 40 0 February 2003 60 40 * December 2002 56 44 * November 2002 57 43 * October 2002 57 43 0 September 2002 58 42 * June 26-July 26, 2002 53 47 * March/May 2002 57 43 * January 20021 59 41 * Dec. 17-23, 2001 58 42 * Nov. 19-Dec. 16 2001 60 40 * Oct. 19-Nov. 18 2001 61 39 * Oct. 8-18 2001 51 49 1 October 2-7 2001 56 43 1 Sept 20-Oct 1 2001 57 42 1 Sept 12-19 2001 51 49 * August 2001 56 44 * February 20012 59 41 * Fall 2000 56 44 * July/August 2000 50 50 * May/June 2000 52 48 * April 2000 55 45 0 March 2000 60 40 *

1 Internet user defined as Q5=1 and Q6=1 from Aug. 2001 until Jan 2002. 2 Internet user for Feb. 2001 defined as Q5=1 and (Q6=1 or Q6A=1-7).

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q8/9 When you went online yesterday, did you go online from home? Did you go online from work yesterday? 7 Based on users who went online yesterday [N=822] ONLINE ONLINE YESTERDAY BOTH AT YESTERDAY AT AT WORK HOME AND DON’T KNOW HOME ONLY ONLY AT WORK /REFUSED Current 50 19 29 2 May/June 2004 58 16 24 2 February 2004 55 19 23 2 November 2003 54 17 26 4 July 2003 62 15 21 2 June 2003 58 19 21 2 April/May 2003 57 19 22 2 March 20-25, 2003 56 20 23 2 March 3-11, 2003 57 17 23 3 February 2003 53 20 24 4 December 2002 58 18 21 4 November 2002 52 21 24 3 October 2002 53 21 23 3 September 2002 60 20 19 2 June 26-July 26, 2002 59 18 20 2 March/May 2002 56 18 22 3 January 2002 61 16 20 2 Dec. 17-23, 2001 56 20 22 2 Nov. 19-Dec. 16 2001 57 19 20 4 Oct. 19-Nov. 18 2001 58 20 20 2 Oct. 8-18 2001 51 23 23 3 October 2-7 2001 55 20 23 2 Sept 20-Oct 1 2001 60 21 15 5 Sept 12-19 2001 54 22 20 3 August 2001 57 23 18 3 February 2001 59 17 21 3 Fall 2000 55 20 21 3 July/August 2000 61 18 19 2 May/June 2000 58 22 18 2 April 2000 55 21 21 3 March 2000 56 21 20 3

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q12 About how many years have you had access to the Internet? (Note Question Wording)35 Q12.1 About how many months is that? 8

Based on Internet users [N=1,324] WITHIN THE A MORE THAN LAST SIX YEAR TWO OR THREE THREE YEARS ------DON’T KNOW MONTHS AGO YEARS AGO AGO FOUR YEARS FIVE YEARS SIX OR MORE /REFUSED Current 1 4 11 83 6 17 60 2 May/June 2004 2 4 15 78 9 16 54 1 February 2004 2 3 14 79 10 16 53 2 November 2003 2 4 16 77 9 19 49 1 July 2003 2 5 19 74 9 20 44 1 June 2003 2 5 19 73 12 19 42 2 April/May 2003 2 5 18 74 11 19 45 1 March 20-25, 2003 3 6 16 74 10 18 46 1 March 12-19, 2003 2 7 16 74 12 18 44 1 March 3-11, 2003 2 5 14 77 12 20 45 1 February 2003 1 4 19 73 9 18 46 1 December 2002 1 6 23 68 13 19 36 2 November 2002 2 5 23 70 12 19 39 1 October 2002 3 6 22 68 12 18 38 1 September 2002 2 5 23 68 13 18 38 1 July 2002 2 6 24 65 13 19 33 2 March/May 2002 7 10 31 52 10 15 25 * January 2002 8 13 36 43 8 13 21 * December 2001 6 13 34 47 10 14 20 * November 2001 7 12 34 47 12 12 20 * October 2001 5 15 32 47 12 14 19 1 September 2001 7 15 34 44 11 14 17 * August 2001 10 15 32 43 10 13 18 * February 2001 11 16 37 35 10 11 13 1 December 2000 12 19 35 34 n/a n/a n/a * November 2000 11 19 33 37 n/a n/a n/a * October 2000 12 20 33 35 n/a n/a n/a * September 2000 11 21 37 31 n/a n/a n/a * July/August 2000 14 21 33 32 n/a n/a n/a * May/June 2000 15 19 33 33 n/a n/a n/a * March/April 2000 18 20 32 30 n/a n/a n/a * October 199936 15 22 32 31 n/a n/a n/a 0 July 1999 17 23 32 28 n/a n/a n/a * November 1998 20 26 34 19 n/a n/a n/a 1 October 1996 26 38 24 12 n/a n/a n/a *

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L 9

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q13 Do you ever go online from home? Q8 When you went online yesterday, did you go online from home? 10 Based on Internet users [N=1,324] TOTAL, GO ------DON'T GO ONLINE FROM WENT GO ONLINE ONLINE DON’T KNOW HOME ONLINE FROM HOME FROM HOME FROM HOME (NOT /REFUSED YESTERDAY YESTERDAY) Current 88 48 40 12 * May/June 2004 88 43 45 12 0 February 2004 90 44 46 10 0 November 2003 87 43 44 13 0 July 2003 87 44 43 13 * June 2003 87 44 43 13 * April/May 2003 90 46 45 10 0 March 20-25, 2003 89 44 45 11 * March 3-11, 2003 89 49 40 11 0 February 2003 89 46 43 11 0 December 2002 87 44 43 12 * November 2002 87 44 43 13 * October 2002 88 43 45 12 0 September 2002 87 45 42 13 0 June 26-July 26, 2002 86 42 44 14 0 March/May 2002 87 45 42 13 0 January 2002 88 48 40 12 * Dec. 17-23, 2001 88 45 43 12 0 Nov. 19-Dec. 16 2001 88 46 42 12 * Oct. 19-Nov. 18 2001 87 47 40 13 * Oct. 8-18 2001 87 38 50 13 0 October 2-7 2001 89 43 45 11 0 Sept 20-Oct 1 2001 87 42 44 13 * Sept 12-19 2001 86 38 49 14 * August 2001 84 41 42 16 0 February 2001 85 47 38 15 * Fall 2000 83 43 41 17 * July/August 2000 84 39 45 16 0 May/June 2000 83 39 44 17 0 April 2000 83 42 41 17 0 March 2000 81 46 35 19 0

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q14 In general, how often do you go online from home — several times a day, about once a day, 3-5 days a week, 1-2 days a week, once every few weeks, or less often? 11 Based on users who go online from home [N=1,165] SEVERAL ABOUT 3-5 DAYS 1-2 DAYS EVERY FEW LESS DON’T KNOW TIMES A DAY ONCE A DAY A WEEK A WEEK WEEKS OFTEN /REFUSED Current 30 27 19 17 4 3 * May/June 2004 28 25 18 19 6 4 1 February 2004 28 26 20 16 6 3 1 November 2003 26 28 22 16 5 3 * July 2003 23 28 21 16 8 3 1 June 2003 23 28 20 19 7 3 * April/May 2003 25 29 17 19 6 4 * March 20-25, 2003 25 27 21 16 7 3 * March 3-11, 2003 26 29 19 17 6 3 0 February 2003 26 26 20 17 7 4 * December 2002 24 28 18 18 8 4 1 November 2002 25 25 21 16 7 4 * October 2002 26 28 22 16 6 3 * September 2002 27 26 20 17 5 4 * June 26-July 26, 2002 23 24 22 19 8 4 * March/May 2002 24 25 21 19 6 3 1 January 2002 24 26 21 20 5 3 * Dec. 17-23, 2001 23 29 20 17 7 3 1 Nov. 19-Dec. 16 2001 24 28 21 16 6 4 1 Oct. 19-Nov. 18 2001 24 30 21 15 6 3 1 Oct. 8-18 2001 25 26 23 18 4 3 1 October 2-7 2001 26 26 23 18 4 3 0 Sept 20-Oct 1 2001 24 28 20 19 5 3 * Sept 12-19 2001 21 27 23 20 6 3 * August 2001 21 28 23 18 6 4 * February 2001 25 29 20 17 5 4 1 Fall 2000 22 29 22 18 6 3 * July/August 2000 23 28 21 22 4 2 * May/June 2000 23 30 22 16 6 3 * April 2000 24 30 20 18 5 3 * March 2000 23 29 24 16 5 2 1

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q15 Do you ever go online from work? Q9 Did you go online from work yesterday? 12 Based on Internet users [N=1,324] TOTAL, GO ------DON'T GO ONLINE FROM WENT GO ONLINE ONLINE DON’T KNOW WORK ONLINE FROM WORK FROM WORK FROM WORK (NOT /REFUSED YESTERDAY YESTERDAY) Current 48 29 19 51 * May/June 2004 51 21 30 49 1 February 2004 50 24 27 49 * November 2003 52 23 29 48 * July 2003 48 19 29 52 * June 2003 50 22 28 50 * April/May 2003 47 24 23 53 * March 20-25, 2003 51 24 27 49 * March 3-11, 2003 52 24 28 48 0 February 2003 52 26 26 47 * December 2002 52 21 31 47 * November 2002 50 26 25 49 * October 2002 50 25 25 50 * September 2002 49 22 27 51 0 June 26-July 26, 2002 50 20 30 50 * March/May 2002 49 23 26 51 * January 2002 47 22 26 53 * Dec. 17-23, 2001 50 24 26 50 * Nov. 19-Dec. 16 2001 52 23 29 48 0 Oct. 19-Nov. 18 2001 49 24 25 51 * Oct. 8-18 2001 49 23 26 51 * October 2-7 2001 49 24 25 51 0 Sept 20-Oct 1 2001 50 20 30 50 * Sept 12-19 2001 50 22 29 49 1 August 2001 49 23 27 50 * February 2001 49 22 27 50 1 Fall 2000 50 23 26 50 * July/August 2000 45 18 27 55 0 May/June 2000 50 21 29 50 * April 2000 51 24 27 49 * March 2000 48 24 24 52 0

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q16 In general, how often do you go online from work — several times a day, about once a day, 3-5 days a week, 1-2 days a week, once every few weeks, or less often? 13 Based on users who go online from work [N=653] SEVERAL ABOUT 3-5 DAYS 1-2 DAYS EVERY FEW LESS DON’T KNOW TIMES A DAY ONCE A DAY A WEEK A WEEK WEEKS OFTEN /REFUSED Current 57 20 8 9 3 2 1 May/June 2004 55 19 10 10 4 2 * February 2004 56 19 8 10 4 2 1 November 2003 56 18 10 9 5 3 * July 2003 47 22 11 11 5 4 * June 2003 50 19 10 11 4 4 1 April/May 2003 53 17 12 10 4 3 1 March 20-25, 2003 53 21 9 10 5 2 * March 3-11, 2003 52 20 9 10 6 3 * February 2003 54 20 11 8 4 2 1 December 2002 47 19 12 13 4 6 * November 2002 52 20 11 11 4 2 * October 2002 51 21 10 13 3 3 1 September 2002 46 22 13 12 3 3 * June 26-July 26, 2002 49 23 9 10 6 3 * March/May 2002 47 22 11 12 5 3 * January 2002 48 21 11 11 5 4 1 Dec. 17-23, 2001 48 21 11 11 6 2 1 Nov. 19-Dec. 16 2001 46 23 10 12 4 3 1 Oct. 19-Nov. 18 2001 50 18 11 11 6 4 1 Oct. 8-18 2001 48 26 9 12 2 3 * October 2-7 2001 50 25 6 10 5 2 1 Sept 20-Oct 1 2001 44 27 9 13 4 4 * Sept 12-19 2001 41 22 10 17 5 5 1 August 2001 44 24 11 11 4 5 1 February 2001 51 19 12 11 3 3 * Fall 2000 45 23 11 12 4 4 1 July/August 2000 43 24 12 12 5 3 1 May/June 2000 41 22 14 12 5 5 1 April 2000 44 25 11 11 5 3 1 March 2000 40 26 13 11 5 4 1

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L WEB1 Please tell me if you ever do any of the following when you go online. Do you ever…/Did you happen to do this yesterday, or not? 14 Based on Internet users [N=1,324] TOTAL HAVE EVER DID HAVE NOT DON’T KNOW/ DONE THIS YESTERDAY DONE THIS REFUSED Send or read e-mail Current 93 54 7 * May/June 2004 93 45 7 * February 2004 91 48 8 * Nov 2003 91 48 8 * June 2003 91 49 9 * April/May 2003 93 52 7 * March 20-25, 2003 94 50 6 * March 12-19, 2003 91 52 9 0 March 3-11, 2003 94 54 6 * February 2003 91 52 8 * Dec 2002 93 49 7 0 Nov 2002 94 51 6 * Oct 2002 93 50 7 0 Sept 2002 93 51 7 * June 26-July 26, 2002 93 46 7 * March/May 2002 93 50 7 * Jan 2002 95 52 5 0 Dec 17-23, 2001 95 54 5 * Nov 19-Dec 16, 2001 95 53 5 * Oct 19-Nov 18, 2001 94 52 6 * Oct 8-18 , 2001 95 44 5 * Oct 2-7, 2001 92 46 7 * Sept 20-Oct 1, 2001 94 49 6 0 Sept 12-19, 2001 93 42 7 * Aug 2001 93 51 7 * Feb 2001 93 53 7 * Fall 2000 92 49 8 * July-August 2000 93 43 7 * May-June 2000 92 44 8 * April 2000 92 50 8 0 March 2000 91 52 9 0

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L WEB1 continued…

TOTAL DON’T HAVE EVER DID HAVE NOT KNOW/ 15 DONE THIS YESTERDAY DONE THIS REFUSED Get news online Current 70 31 30 * May/June 2004 72 27 28 * February 2004 70 27 29 * June 2003 69 26 30 * April/May 2003 73 30 27 * March 20-25, 2003 72 33 28 * March 12-19, 2003 77 37 23 0 March 3-11, 2003 71 28 29 0 February 2003 71 26 29 * Dec 2002 71 26 29 * Nov 2002 67 28 33 * Oct 2002 68 26 32 * Sept 2002 70 25 30 * June 26-July 26, 2002 66 22 34 * March/May 2002 66 24 34 * Jan 2002 71 26 29 * Dec 17-23, 2001 70 26 29 * Nov 19-Dec 16, 2001 74 30 26 * Oct 19-Nov 18, 2001 71 29 29 * Oct 8- 18, 2001 67 23 33 0 Oct 2-7, 2001 71 23 28 * Sept 20-Oct 1, 2001 71 26 29 * Sept 12-19, 2001 70 27 30 * Aug 2001 64 22 35 * Feb 2001 66 25 34 * Fall 2000 61 22 39 * July-August 2000 59 19 41 * May-June 2000 60 18 40 * April 2000 60 22 40 * March 2000 60 22 40 * Look for news or information about politics and the campaign Current 58 18 42 * May/June 2004 49 13 51 * February 2004 46 13 54 * Nov 2002 40 13 60 * Oct 2002 45 11 55 * Sept 2002 42 9 57 * June 26-July 26, 2002 43 9 57 0 Fall 2000 43 16 57 * July-August 2000 30 8 70 * May-June 2000 34 7 66 * April 2000 34 7 66 * March 2000 35 10 65 *

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L WEB1 continued…

TOTAL HAVE DON’T EVER DONE DID HAVE NOT KNOW/ 17 THIS YESTERDAY DONE THIS REFUSED Look for information from a local, state, or federal government website Current 54 10 45 * April/May 2003 65 11 35 * March 20-25, 2003 61 10 39 * March 12-19, 2003 64 11 36 0 November 2002 56 10 44 * Sept 2002 56 9 43 * June 26-July 26, 2002 62 8 38 * March/May 2002 59 8 41 * Jan 2002 58 9 41 * Sept 12-19, 2001 57 5 43 1 Aug 2001 60 7 40 * May-June 20003 51 6 49 * April 2000 51 7 49 * March 2000 47 7 53 *

Create content for the Internet, such as helping build a website, creating an online diary, or posting your thoughts to an online bulletin board or other online community Current 19 4 81 * Sept 2002 18 5 81 * June 26-July 26, 2002 13 3 87 * Jan 2002 20 4 79 * Create a web log or “blog” that others can read on the web Current 6 2 93 * Feb 2004 5 1 94 1 Sept 2002 7 1 93 1 June 26-July 26, 2002 3 * 96 * Read someone else’s web log or blog Current 27 6 71 1 Feb 2004 17 3 82 1 Send or receive an invitation to a meeting or party using an online invitation service like Meetup or E-vite Current 15 1 85 *

3 This item asked May 19, 2000 through June 30, 2000 only [N=1,568].

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L VOTE These days, many people are so busy they can't find time to register to vote, or move around so often they don't get a chance to re-register... Are you NOW registered to vote in your precinct or election district, or haven't you been able to 18 register so far?

CURRENT NOV 2002 NOV 2000 % 82 Yes, registered 76 79 18 No, not registered 24 19 1 Don’t know/Refused * 2

VOTEB Did you happen to register to vote for the first time this year?

Based on registered voters [N=1,863] CURRENT % 12 Yes, first time to register 88 No * Don’t know/Refused

VOT02 A lot of people have been telling us they didn't get a chance to vote in the elections this year on November 2. How about you... did things come up that kept you from voting, or did you happen to vote?

CURRENT NOV 2002 % 75 Yes, voted 56 25 No, did not vote 44 * Don’t know/Refused *

VOT02b Was this year the first time you voted in an election, or have you voted in elections in past years?

Based on those who voted in the 2004 presidential election [N=1,747] CURRENT % 14 Yes, first time voter 86 No * Don’t know/Refused

VOT03/03b In the election on November 2, did you vote for…?

Based on those who voted in the 2004 presidential election [N=1,747] CURRENT % 44 The Republican ticket of George Bush and Dick Cheney 41 The Democratic ticket of John Kerry and John Edwards * The ticket of Ralph Nader and Peter Camejo 1 Other 13 Don’t know/Refused

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L VOT05 Most people cast their votes on Election Day this year, but many were able to vote before Election Day by absentee ballot or what is called early voting. What about you? Did you vote ON Election Day or BEFORE Election DAY by absentee ballot, vote 19 by mail or through early voting?

Based on those who voted in the 2004 presidential election [N=1,747] CURRENT NOV 2004 NOV 2002 % 78 On election day 80 85 22 By absentee or other method 20 15 * Don’t know/Refused * *

VOT06 When did you make up your mind definitely to vote for (INSERT CHOICE FROM Vot03/Vot03b; IF 'OTHER' IN Vot03/Vot03b INSERT 'THE CANDIDATE OF YOUR CHOICE')?

Based on those who voted in the 2004 presidential election [N=1,747] NOV NOV NOV NOV CURRENT 2004 2000 1996 1992 % 11 NET In the last week 9 14 17 25 4 On election day 4 5 6 9 1 On Monday/day before the election 1 2 3 4 3 Over the last weekend before the election 1 2 2 4 3 In the last week 3 5 6 8 10 NET Debate period 12 20 3 13 10 During or after the presidential debates 11 17 n/a 12 1 After the vice presidential debate 1 3 n/a 1 4 In September, after the conventions 6 9 12 6 5 NET Convention period 7 7 8 12 1 During or after the Republican convention 1 4 n/a n/a 3 During or after the Democratic convention 6 3 n/a n/a 18 Earlier this year, before the summer, during the 23 21 13 18 primaries 37 Before 2004 38 20 39 12 n/a Other 0 n/a * 8 2 Don’t know/Can’t remember 2 3 2 1 13 Don’t remember who voted for/Refused 4 6 6 5

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q17 How have you been getting most of your news about the presidential election campaign? From television, from newspapers, from radio, from magazines, or from the Internet? 20

CURRENT NOV 2004 JAN 2004 37 NOV 2002 NOV 2000 4 NOV 1996 NOV 1992 % 78 Television 76 79 66 70 72 82 39 Newspapers 46 39 33 39 60 57 17 Radio 22 15 13 15 19 12 3 Magazines 6 13 1 4 11 9 18 Internet 21 2 7 11 3 n/a 4 Other 2 2 7 1 4 6 2 Don’t know/Refused 1 2 2 * 1 1 Note: Table total exceeds 100% due to multiple response.

Q18 Do you get most of your news about the presidential election campaign from…

Based on those who get campaign news from television [N=1,728] CURRENT NOV 2004 JAN 2004 % 23 Local news programming 12 17 16 ABC Network news 11 15 13 CBS Network news 9 11 17 NBC Network news 13 14 25 CNN Cable news 15 22 8 MSNBC Cable news 6 7 24 The Fox News Cable Channel 21 20 3 CNBC Cable news 2 3 7 Don’t know/Refused 5 3

Q19 Did you ever go online to get news or information about the 2004 elections? How often do you go online to get news about the elections… more than once a day, every day, three-to-five days per week, one-to-two days per week, or less often?

Based on Internet users [N=1,324] JAN 2004 NOV 2002 NOV 2000 NOV 1998 INTERNET INTERNET INTERNET INTERNET CURRENT USERS USERS USERS USERS % 52 Total yes, go online to get campaign news 22 22 33 15 5 More than once a day 2 1 4 1 10 Every day 4 3 6 3 10 3-5 days a week 4 4 6 2 13 1-2 days a week 6 5 9 4 13 Less often 6 9 8 5 48 Total no 78 78 66 84 * Don’t know/Refused 0 * 1 1

4 Nov 2000 trend figures based on registered voters.

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q20 Have you sent or received e-mails about the candidates or campaigns, either with personal acquaintances or from groups or political organizations? 21 Based on Internet users [N=1,324] JAN 2004 INTERNET CURRENT USERS % 36 Yes 18 64 No 82 1 Don’t know/Refused *

Q21 Have you participated in any other campaign-related activities using the Internet, such as reading discussion groups, signing petitions, or donating money online?

Based on Internet users [N=1,324] JAN 2004 INTERNET CURRENT USERS % 11 Yes 7 89 No 93 * Don’t know/Refused *

Q22 Have you sent emails about the 2004 campaign to groups of family or friends who are part of an email list or online discussion group?

Based on Internet users [N=1,324] CURRENT % 14 Yes 84 No/Did not send or receive any campaign-related email 1 Don’t know/Refused

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q23 In the past two months, have you…? Was that urging you to vote for Bush, for Kerry, or for some other candidate? 22 YES, FOR DON’T SOME YES, FOR KNOW/ TOTAL YES YES, FOR YES, FOR OTHER MULTIPLE TOTAL NO REFUSED BUSH KERRY CANDIDATE CANDIDATES Received MAIL urging 49 11 11 4 23 47 5 you to vote for a particular presidential candidate

Item b based on email users only [n=1,239] b Received EMAIL urging 25 6 8 1 10 72 3 you to vote for a particular presidential candidate c Received TELEPHONE 40 10 10 3 16 56 4 CALLS urging you to vote for a particular presidential candidate d Been VISITED AT 10 2 5 1 2 90 1 HOME by someone urging you to vote for a particular presidential candidate

Q24 Thinking about ALL of the EMAIL you’ve received about the election campaigns, how much of that email – if any – do you consider to be spam? All of it, most, some, very little, or do you consider none of it spam?

Based on those who received email urging them to vote for a particular candidate or who sent or received campaign-related email [N=581] CURRENT % 14 All was spam 17 Most was spam 21 Some was spam 17 Very little was spam 27 None was spam 5 Don’t know/Refused

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q25 Did you subscribe or sign up to receive email from any of the presidential campaigns this year, or not? Did you sign up to receive email from the Bush campaign, from the Kerry campaign, or from some other candidate’s campaign? 23

Based on email users [N=1,239] CURRENT % 6 Total yes, signed up to receive email from one of the presidential campaigns 2 Yes, Bush campaign 4 Yes, Kerry campaign * Yes, some other candidate’s campaign 93 Total no 1 Don’t know/Refused

Q26 Have you ever signed up to receive email newsletters or other online alerts containing the latest news about politics or the election?

Based on Internet users [N=1,324] CURRENT % 11 Yes 89 No * Don’t know/Refused

Q27 During this year’s election campaigns, have you…?

DON’T KNOW/ YES NO REFUSED Attended a campaign rally 7 93 * b Given money to a political candidate 11 88 * Item c based on email users [n=1,239] c Sent emails urging people to get out and vote without reference to 12 88 * a particular candidate Item d based on email users [n=1,239] d Sent emails urging people to vote for a particular candidate 12 88 0 e Made telephone calls urging people to vote for a particular 6 94 * candidate f Visited people at their homes to urge them to vote for a particular 4 96 * candidate

Q28 During this year’s election, did you happen to sign up ONLINE for any VOLUNTEER activities related to the campaign – like helping to organize a rally, register voters, or get people to the polls on election day – or did you not sign up online for any

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L volunteer activities?

Based on Internet users [N=1,324] 24 CURRENT % 3 Yes, volunteered online 97 No, did not volunteer online 0 Don’t know/Refused Q31 Now I’d like to ask about the types of campaigns and elections you learned about online. (First,) Did you get any information online about…, or not?5

Based on online political news consumers [N=937] DON’T KNOW/ YES NO REFUSED a The race for President Current total online political news consumers6 63 37 1 b Races for U.S. Senate Current total online political news consumers 29 70 1 Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 20027 31 68 1 Nov 2002 47 52 1 c Races for U.S. House Current total online political news consumers 19 79 2 Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 2002 20 78 2 Nov 2002 42 57 1 d Races for Governor Current total online political news consumers 18 82 1 Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 2002 19 81 1 Nov 2002 60 40 1 e Local races in your area Current total online political news consumers 25 74 1 Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 2002 26 73 1 Nov 2002 44 56 1 Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 1998/Nov 29 70 1 20008 Nov 1998 56 43 1 f Ballot measures or initiatives Current total online political news consumers 23 76 1 Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 2002 23 76 1 Nov 2002 35 63 2

5 In Nov 2002, the question read “I’d like to ask you about what types of campaigns and elections you go online to look for information about. Do you go online to look for information about…?” 6 In the current survey, online political news consumers are those who said yes to current Q19, Q20, Q21 or Web1 Act11 “Look for news or information about politics or the campaign.” 7 In Nov 2002, online political news consumers were defined as those who answered yes to current Q19 or Web1 Act11. 8 In Nov 1998 and Nov 2000, online political news consumers were defined as those who answered yes to current Q19.

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q32 Where do you go ONLINE most often for news and information about the 2004 elections? 26 Based on online political news consumers [N=937] CURRENT CURRENT CURRENT 2002 1998/2000 NOV NOV NOV TOTAL COMPARABLE COMPARABLE 2002 2000 1998 % 28 30 28 The news sites of commercial online 16 27 26 services such as America Online 43 45 50 The Websites of major news organizations 43 47 50 such as CNN or the New York Times 11 11 11 The websites of local news organizations in 17 12 29 your area 5 5 7 Sites that specialize in politics 6 7 16 6 7 8 Websites set up by the candidates 7 7 7 themselves 4 5 6 Issue-oriented websites 7 4 14 5 5 4 The websites of state or local governments 10 6 20 n/a n/a n/a Television, radio, or newspapers 4 n/a n/a 4 4 4 Some other source 3 15 10 10 7 4 Don’t know/Refused 11 2 9 Note: Table total exceeds 100% due to multiple response.

Q33 Which ONE online source would you say you used the most often when you looked online for news or information about the 2004 elections?

Based on online political news consumers [N=937] CURRENT % 20 CNN.com 10 America Online 10 Microsoft/MSN 8 Yahoo 5 MSNBC 5 FOX news 4 Local news site 3 New York Times 3 Google 1 Drudge Report 1 ABC news 1 CBS news 1 Comcast.net 14 Other 14 Don’t know/Refused

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q34 Now thinking about some campaign websites, do you ever go onto (INSERT ITEM; ROTATE) to get news or information about the 2004 elections? 27 Based on internet users [N=1,324] DON’T KNOW/ YES NO REFUSED a The Kerry/Edwards campaign website Current total internet users 18 82 * Current total online political news consumers 25 75 * b The Bush/Cheney campaign website Current total internet users 14 86 * Current total online political news consumers 20 80 * c The websites of the Democratic and Republican National Committees Current total internet users 14 86 1 Current total online political news consumers 19 80 1

Q35 Do you ever visit Web sites that provide information about specific issues or policies that interest you, such as the environment, gun control, abortion, or health care reform?

Based on Internet users [N=1,324] CURRENT ONLINE CURRENT POLITICLA NOV 2002 NOV 1998 INTERNET NEWS INTERNET INTERNET USERS CONSUMERS USERS USERS % 34 44 Yes 39 28 65 56 No 61 72 * * Don’t know/Refused 1 *

Q36 In general, when you go online to look for news and information about politics, campaigns and elections, how often are you able to find the information you are looking for…always, most of the time, only some of the time, or never?

Based on online political news consumers [N=937] CURRENT CURRENT 2002 TOTAL COMPARABLE NOV 2002 % 23 23 Always 20 47 49 Most of the time 51 17 18 Only sometimes 19 8 5 Never 6 5 4 Don’t know/Refused 4

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q37 When you went online to get information about the ELECTIONS, did you ever do any of the following? (First,) did you ever… 28 Based on online political news consumers [N=937] DON’T KNOW/ YES NO REFUSED a Participate in on-line discussions or ‘chat’ groups about the elections Current total online political news consumers 7 93 0 Current online political news consumers comparable to Jan 20049 8 92 0 Jan 200410 13 87 0 Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 2002 8 92 0 Nov 2002 7 92 1 Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 1998/Nov 2000 9 91 0 Nov 2000 8 92 * Nov 1998 13 87 * b Register your own opinions by participating in an online poll11 Current total online political news consumers 22 77 1 Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 2002 24 75 1 Nov 2002 32 67 1 Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 1998/Nov 2000 28 71 * Nov 2000 35 65 * Nov 1998 26 74 * c Get information about a candidate’s voting record Current total online political news consumers 25 75 * Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 2002 27 73 * Nov 2002 34 65 1 Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 1998/Nov 2000 32 67 * Nov 2000 33 67 * Nov 1998 30 70 * d Get information about when or where to vote Current total online political news consumers 22 78 0 Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 2002 23 77 0 Nov 2002 22 77 1 Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 1998/Nov 2000 25 75 0 Nov 2000 16 84 * Nov 1998 12 88 * Continued…

9 In Jan 2004, online political news consumers were defined as those who answered yes to current Q19 or Q20 or Q21. 10 In Jan 2004 the item read “…online discussions, blogs or ‘chat’ groups about the election.” In Jan 2004, all items in this question were based on adults who go online to get news or information about the 2004 elections, sent or received emails about the candidates or campaigns, or participated in any other campaign-related activities using the Internet. 11 In previous polls, the item read “Register your own opinions by participating in an electronic poll.”

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q37 continued…

DON’T KNOW/ YES NO REFUSED e Contribute money online to a candidate running for public office12 Current total online political news consumers 5 95 * Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 2002 5 94 * Nov 2002 5 94 1 Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 1998/Nov 2000 6 93 * Nov 2000 5 95 * f Look for more information about candidates’ positions on the issues Current total online political news consumers 43 56 * Current online political news consumers comparable to Jan 2004 47 52 * Jan 2004 52 48 0 Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 2002 46 54 * Nov 2002 64 35 1 Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 1998/Nov 2000 53 46 * Nov 2000 69 31 * g Get or send email with jokes about the campaigns and elections Current total online political news consumers 51 49 * Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 2002 49 51 * Nov 2002 31 68 1 h Find out about endorsements or ratings of candidates by organizations or groups Current total online political news consumers 25 75 * Current online political news consumers comparable to Nov 2002 26 73 * Nov 2002 38 61 1 i Find out how the candidates were doing in the public opinion polls Current total online political news consumers 49 51 0 j Check the accuracy of claims made by or about the candidates Current total online political news consumers 39 60 1 k Watch video clips about the candidates or the election that are available online Current total online political news consumers 30 70 *

12 In previous surveys, item e read “Contribute money to a candidate running for public office through his or her website.”

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q38 Which of the following comes closest to describing WHY you go online to get news and information about the 2004 elections? 30 Based on online political news consumers [N=937] CURRENT CURRENT CURRENT 2002 1998/2000 NOV NOV TOTAL COMPARABLE COMPARABLE 2002 2000 % 9 9 11 Because you can get information on the Web that 9 12 is not available elsewhere 50 52 58 Because getting information online is more 49 56 convenient for you 6 7 7 Because the Web offers new sources that reflect 7 6 your own interests or values, OR… 33 34 33 Because you don’t get all the news and 37 29 information you want from traditional news sources such as the daily newspaper or the network TV news 5 5 3 Some other reason 5 11 9 7 4 Don’t know/Refused 9 1

Q39 When you go online, do you ever encounter or come across news and information about the 2004 elections when you may have been going online for a purpose other than to get the news?

Based on Internet users [N=1,324] CURRENT ONLINE CURRENT POLITICAL JAN 2004 INTERNET NEWS INTERNET USERS CONSUMERS USERS % 51 59 Yes 39 48 40 No 38 1 2 Don’t know/Refused 1

Q41 When you go online looking for political or campaign information, would you say most of the sites you go to SHARE your point of view, DON’T HAVE a particular point of view, or CHALLENGE your own point of view?

Based on online political news consumers [N=937] CURRENT % 26 Sites that share my point of view 32 Sites that don’t have a particular point of view 21 Sites that challenge my point of view 21 Don’t know/Refused

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q42 Thinking about ALL of the information available online about this year’s campaign, do you think the internet has RAISED the overall quality of public debate about the candidates and issues, has LOWERED the overall quality of public debate, or that the 31 internet hasn’t made much difference?

Based on Internet users [N=1,324] CURRENT ONLINE CURRENT POLITICAL INTERNET NEWS USERS CONSUMERS % 49 56 Internet has raised overall quality of public debate 5 5 Internet has lowered overall quality of public debate 36 32 Internet hasn’t made much difference 1 1 (VOL) Internet has both raised/lowered quality of public debate 9 6 Don’t know/Refused

Q43 How important, if at all, has the Internet been in terms of providing you with information to help you decide how to vote in the November election?

Based on Internet users [N=1,324] CURRENT ONLINE CURRENT POLITICAL NOV 2002 INTERNET NEWS INTERNET USERS CONSUMERS USERS % 14 19 Very important 8 26 33 Somewhat important 25 18 20 Not very important 27 38 27 Not at all important 39 2 2 Didn’t vote * 1 1 Don’t know/Refused 1

Q44 Thinking about all of the news, information, email and other material you saw or read online this year, did this online information ENCOURAGE you to vote in the Nov. 2 elections, did it DISCOURAGE you from voting, or did it have no impact on your decision about whether to vote?

Based on Internet users [N=1,324] CURRENT CURRENT ONLINE TOTAL POLITICAL INTERNET NEWS USERS CONSUMERS % 18 23 Encouraged me to vote 1 1 Discouraged me from voting 80 75 Had no impact on decision about whether to vote 1 1 Don’t know/Refused

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q45 Did any of the information you saw or read online about the 2004 elections make you decide to vote for or against a particular candidate? 32 Based on Internet users [N=1,324] CURRENT ONLINE CURRENT POLITICAL CURRENT CURRENT INTERNET NEWS 2002 1998/2000 NOV NOV NOV USERS CONSUMERS COMPARABLE COMPARABLE 2002 13 2000 1998 % 21 27 29 32 Yes 25 43 34 77 72 70 67 No/(VOL) Didn’t vote 71 55 63 2 2 2 1 Don’t know/Refused 4 2 3

Q46 How often do you get news or information from the following sources? Regularly, sometimes, or hardly ever?

Based on Form A respondents [N=1,084] DON’T KNOW/ REGULARLY SOMETIMES HARDLY EVER REFUSED Local television news 66 18 16 * National nightly network news on CBS, 45 25 28 2 ABC or NBC Cable news channels such as CNN, 38 28 33 1 MSNBC or the Fox News CABLE Channel National Public Radio (NPR) 15 18 66 1 C-SPAN 6 18 76 1 NewsHour with Jim Lehrer 5 14 80 1 Late night TV shows such as David 10 23 67 * Letterman and Jay Leno Morning TV shows such as Today, 20 25 54 1 Good Morning America or The Early Show The Daily Show with Jon Stewart 5 10 84 1 Sunday morning news shows such as 14 21 65 1 Meet the Press, This Week or Face the Nation Rush Limbaugh’s radio show 5 11 83 1 Howard Stern’s radio show 3 8 89 *

13 All trend figures for Q45 based on online political news consumers.

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q47 How often do you get news or information from the following sources? Regularly, sometimes, or hardly ever? 33 Based on Form B respondents [N=1,116] DON’T KNOW/ REGULARLY SOMETIMES HARDLY EVER REFUSED A local daily newspaper 51 20 29 * The print edition of a national daily 10 14 76 1 newspaper, such as the New York Times or USA Today News magazines such as Time, U.S. 12 25 63 * News, or Newsweek Business magazines such as Fortune 4 11 85 * and Forbes Magazines such as The Atlantic, 3 6 91 * Harper’s or The New Yorker Political magazines such as The Nation 1 5 93 * or The New Republic Items g-l based on Form B Internet users [n=690] The news pages of Internet service 22 24 54 0 providers such as AOL News or Yahoo News Network TV news Web sites such as 27 31 43 0 CNN.com, ABCnews.com, or MSNBC.com The Web sites of major national 8 20 71 * newspapers such as the USA Today.com, New York Times.com, or the Wall Street Journal online The Web sites of your local newspaper 18 27 55 * or TV stations Other kinds of online news magazines 4 9 87 * and opinion sites such as Slate.com or National Review Online columns or blogs such as 4 6 90 1 Talking Points Memo, the Daily Kos, or Instapundit

Q48 In the past two months, have you seen any campaign ads supporting Bush? Did you see those ads on television, on the internet, both on television and the internet, or someplace else?

CURRENT % 81 Total yes, have seen campaign ads supporting Bush 62 On television * On internet 17 Both on television and the internet 2 Someplace else 15 Total no, have not seen ads supporting Bush 3 Don’t know/Refused

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q49 Were most of the ads you saw supporting Bush sponsored by the Bush campaign itself, or sponsored by independent groups that are backing him in the election? 34 Based on those who saw Bush ads [N=1,703]14 CURRENT % 51 Most sponsored by Bush campaign 9 Most sponsored by independent groups 19 (VOL) Both equally 22 Don’t know/Refused

Q50 In the past two months, have you seen any campaign ads supporting Kerry? Did you see those ads on television, on the internet, both on television and the internet, or someplace else?

CURRENT % 81 Total yes, have seen campaign ads supporting Kerry 61 On television 1 On internet 17 Both on television and the internet 2 Someplace else 17 Total no, have not seen ads supporting Kerry 2 Don’t know/Refused

Q51 Were most of the ads you saw supporting Kerry sponsored by the Kerry campaign itself, or sponsored by independent groups that are backing him in the election?

Based on those who saw Kerry ads [N=1,697]15 CURRENT % 48 Most sponsored by Kerry campaign 11 Most sponsored by independent groups 17 (VOL) Both equally 24 Don’t know/Refused

14 Some respondents were mistakenly filtered out of this question during the initial interview period; they were recontacted at a later date and re-administered Q49. The table is based on those who originally answered the question, as well as those who were successfully recontacted. 15 Some respondents were mistakenly filtered out of this question during the initial interview period; they were recontacted at a later date and re-administered Q51. The table is based on those who originally answered the question, as well as those who were successfully recontacted.

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Q52 In the past year, have you…?

DON’T KNOW/ 35 YES NO REFUSED Read a book about current politics or national affairs 16 84 1 Seen any documentary films related to the campaign 31 68 1 or the candidates

Q53 On election night, did you follow the results as they were coming in, or did you wait until the next day to find out what happened?

CURRENT % 57 Yes, followed results on election night 40 Waited until the next day to find out what happened 3 Don’t know/Refused

Q54 How did you follow the results on election night? Did you follow them…

Based on those who followed results on election night [N=1,251] DON’T KNOW/ YES NO REFUSED On television 96 4 * On the radio 15 85 * Item c based on internet users who followed results election night [n=864] On the internet 20 80 0

Q55 ON ELECTION NIGHT, did you talk about the election returns with anyone who does NOT live in your household – either face-to-face, by telephone or email?

Based on those who followed results on election night [N=1,251] CURRENT % 46 Yes 53 No 1 Don’t know/Refused

Q56 Did you talk about the election returns in a face-to-face conversation, a telephone call, or online through email or instant messaging?

Based on those who talked about election results with someone outside their household [N=538] CURRENT % 51 Face-to-face conversation 53 Phone call 10 Online through email or instant messaging 1 Don’t know/Refused

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Note: Table total exceeds 100% due to multiple response.

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Methodology

November 2004 Internet Tracking Survey 37

Prepared by Princeton Survey Research Associates International for the Pew Internet and American Life Project

November 2004

SUMMARY

The November 2004 Internet Tracking Survey, sponsored by the Pew Internet and American Life Project, obtained telephone interviews with a nationally representative sample of 2,200 adults living in continental United States telephone households. The interviews were conducted in English by Princeton Data Source, LLC from November 4 to November 22, 2004. Statistical results are weighted to correct known demographic discrepancies. The margin of sampling error for the complete set of weighted data is ±2.3%.16 Details on the design, execution and analysis of the survey are discussed below.

DESIGN AND DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES

Sample Design

The sample was designed to represent all continental U.S. telephone households. The telephone sample was provided by Survey Sampling International, LLC (SSI) according to PSRAI specifications. The sample was drawn using standard list-assisted random digit dialing (RDD) methodology. Active blocks of telephone numbers (area code + exchange + two-digit block number) that contained three or more residential directory listings were selected with probabilities in proportion to their share of listed telephone households; after selection two more digits were added randomly to complete the number. This method guarantees coverage of every assigned phone number regardless of whether that number is directory listed, purposely unlisted, or too new to be listed. After selection, the numbers were compared against business directories and matching numbers purged.

16 All margins of error and design effects calculations throughout the report are based on RBWEIGHT (See Page 2 for definition).

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Contact Procedures

Interviews were conducted from November 4 to November 22, 2004. As many as 10 38 attempts were made to contact every sampled telephone number. Sample was released for interviewing in replicates, which are representative subsamples of the larger sample. Using replicates to control the release of sample ensures that complete call procedures are followed for the entire sample. Calls were staggered over times of day and days of the week to maximize the chance of making contact with potential respondents. Each household received at least one daytime call in an attempt to find someone at home. In each contacted household, interviewers asked to speak with the youngest adult male currently at home. If no male was available, interviewers asked to speak with the oldest female at home. This systematic respondent selection technique has been shown to produce samples that closely mirror the population in terms of age and gender.

WEIGHTING AND ANALYSIS

Weighting is generally used in survey analysis to compensate for patterns of nonresponse that might bias results. There are two weights in the dataset. The first weight variable, WEIGHT, balances the interviewed sample of all adults by form to match national parameters for sex, age, education, race, Hispanic origin and region (U.S. Census definitions). These parameters came from a special analysis of the Census Bureau’s 2003 Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) that included all households in the continental United States that had a telephone. In addition to balancing the usual demographics, RBWEIGHT balances the age, education and region of the White, non-Hispanic subgroup. RBWEIGHT also includes a parameter to ensure that the proportion of respondents in Republican and Democratic counties is appropriate. The partitioning of counties into five groups is based on their 2000 presidential vote. Table 1 details the Red/Blue County partitioning.

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Table 1: Red/ Blue County Partitioning 39 2000 presidential vote margin Telephone households

Strong Blue (Democrat) 20% or more Democrat 23.5%

Blue 5% to less than 20% Democrat 15.7%

Neutral Less than 5% 16.2%

Red 5% to less than 20% Republican 23.4%

Strong Red (Republican) 20% or more Republican 21.2%

Weighting was accomplished using Sample Balancing, a special iterative sample weighting program that simultaneously balances the distributions of all variables using a statistical technique called the Deming Algorithm. Weights were trimmed to prevent individual interviews from having too much influence on the final results. The use of these weights in statistical analysis ensures that the demographic characteristics of the sample closely approximate the demographic characteristics of the national population. Table 2 compares weighted (RBWEIGHT) and unweighted sample distributions to population parameters.

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Table 2: Sample Demographics 40 Parameter Unweighted Weighted Gender Male 47.9 46.9 48.4 Female 52.1 53.1 51.6

Age 18-24 12.6 8.6 12.8 25-34 18.2 14.9 17.4 35-44 20.7 17.0 20.4 45-54 19.1 19.0 18.8 55-64 13.1 15.8 12.9 65+ 16.4 22.4 15.9

Education Less than HS Graduate 15.6 8.4 12.8 HS Graduate 35.8 34.5 35.8 Some College 23.3 22.6 23.8 College Graduate 25.3 33.4 26.8

Region Northeast 19.4 17.8 19.8 Midwest 23.1 26.1 23.8 South 35.8 36.7 34.8 West 21.6 19.4 21.6

Race/Ethnicity White/not Hispanic 71.9 77.0 72.2 Black/not Hispanic 10.7 10.9 10.7 Hispanic 11.8 6.2 10.0 Other/not Hispanic 5.5 4.0 5.2

RB County Strong Dem 23.5 17.4 22.8 Dem 15.7 15.8 15.7 Even 16.3 15.7 16.3 Rep 23.4 25.1 23.4 Strong Rep 21.2 26.0 21.8

Effects of Sample Design on Statistical Inference

Post-data collection statistical adjustments require analysis procedures that reflect departures from simple random sampling. PSRAI calculates the effects of these design features so that an appropriate adjustment can be incorporated into tests of statistical significance when using these data. The so-called "design effect" or deff represents the loss in

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L statistical efficiency that results from systematic non-response. The total sample design effect for this survey is 1.19. 41 PSRAI calculates the composite design effect for a sample of size n, with each case having a weight, wi as:

n 2 n wi i1 formula 1 deff  2  n   wi   i1 

In a wide range of situations, the adjusted standard error of a statistic should be calculated by multiplying the usual formula by the square root of the design effect (√deff ). Thus, the formula for computing the 95% confidence interval around a percentage is:

 pˆ(1 pˆ)  formula 2   pˆ   deff 1.96   n  where pˆ is the sample estimate and n is the unweighted number of sample cases in the group being considered. The survey’s margin of error is the largest 95% confidence interval for any estimated proportion based on the total sample— the one around 50%. For example, the margin of error for the entire sample is ±2.3%. This means that in 95 out every 100 samples drawn using the same methodology, estimated proportions based on the entire sample will be no more than 2.3 percentage points away from their true values in the population. The margin of error for estimates based on the sample of 1,324 internet users is ±2.9%. It is important to remember that sampling fluctuations are only one possible source of error in a survey estimate. Other sources, such as respondent selection bias, questionnaire wording and reporting inaccuracy, may contribute additional error of greater or lesser magnitude.

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L RESPONSE RATE

42 Table 3 reports the disposition of all sampled telephone numbers ever dialed from the original telephone number sample. The response rate estimates the fraction of all eligible respondents in the sample that were ultimately interviewed. At PSRAI it is calculated by taking the product of three component rates:17 o Contact rate – the proportion of working numbers where a request for interview was made – of 70 percent18 o Cooperation rate – the proportion of contacted numbers where a consent for interview was at least initially obtained, versus those refused – of 48 percent o Completion rate – the proportion of initially cooperating and eligible interviews that were completed – of 91 percent Thus the response rate for this survey was 31 percent.

17 PSRAI’s disposition codes and reporting are consistent with the American Association for Public Opinion Research standards. 18 PSRAI assumes that 75 percent of cases that result in a constant disposition of “No answer” or “Busy” over 10 or more attempts are actually not working numbers.

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Table 3: Sample Disposition 43 Total Numbers dialed 14956

Business 1180 Computer/Fax 968 Other Not-Working 2414 Additional projected NW 1188 Working numbers 9206 61.6%

No Answer 328 Busy 69 Answering Machine 1874 Callbacks 312 Other Non-Contacts 183 Contacted numbers 6440 70.0%

Initial Refusals 2831 Second Refusals 520 Cooperating numbers 3089 48.0%

No Adult in HH 21 Language Barrier 652 Eligible numbers 2416 78.2%

Interrupted 216 Completes 2200 91.1%

Response Rate 30.6%

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L Endnotes

P R I N C E T O N S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L 1 May/June 2004 trends based on daily tracking survey conducted May 14-June 17, 2004 [N=2,200]. 2 February 2004 trends based on daily tracking survey conducted February 3-March 1, 2004 [N=2,204]. 3 November 2003 trends based on daily tracking survey conducted November 18-December 14, 2003 [N=2,013]. 4 July 2003 trends based on ‘E-Government’ survey conducted June 25-August 3, 2003 [N=2,925]. 5 June 2003 trends based on ‘Internet Spam’ survey conducted June 10-24, 2003 [N=2,200]. 6 April/May 2003 trends based on daily tracking survey conducted April 29-May 20, 2003 [N=1,632]. 7 March 12-19, 2003 trends based on daily tracking survey conducted March 12-19, 2003 [N=883]. 8 March 3-11, 2003 trends based on daily tracking survey conducted March 3-11, 2003 [N=745]. 9 February 2003 trends based on daily tracking survey conducted February 12-March 2, 2003 [N=1,611]. 10 December 2002 trends based on daily tracking survey conducted Nov. 25–Dec. 22, 2002 [N=2,038]. 11 November 2002 trends based on daily tracking survey conducted October 28-November 24, 2002 [N=2,745]. 12 October 2002 trends based on daily tracking survey conducted October 7-27, 2002 [N=1,677]. 13 September 2002 trends based on daily tracking survey conducted September 9-October 6, 2002 [N=2,092]. 14 July 2002 trends based on ‘Sept. 11th-The Impact Online’ survey conducted June 26-July 26, 2002 [N=2,501]. 15 March/May 2002 trends based on daily tracking surveys conducted March 1-31, 2002 and May 2-19, 2002. 16 January 2002 trends based on a daily tracking survey conducted January 3-31, 2002. 17 December 2001 trends represent a total tracking period of December 1-23, 2001 [N=3,214]. This tracking period based on daily tracking surveys conducted December 17-23, 2001 and November 19-December 16, 2001. 18 November 2001 trends represent a total tracking period of November 1-30, 2001 [N=2,119]. This tracking period based on daily tracking surveys conducted October 19 – November 18, 2001 and November 19 – December 16, 2001. 19 October 2001 trends represent a total tracking period of October 1-31, 2001 [N=1,924]. This tracking period based on daily tracking surveys conducted September 20 – October 1, 2001, October 2-7, 2001, October 8-18, 2001, and October 19 – November 18, 2001. 20 September 2001 trends represent a total tracking period of September 1-30, 2001 [N=742]. This tracking period based on daily tracking surveys conducted August 13-September 10, 2001, September 12-19, 2001 and September 20 – October 1, 2001. 21 August 2001 trends represent a total tracking period of August 13-31, 2001 [N=1,505]. This tracking period based on a daily tracking survey conducted August 13-September 10, 2001. 22 February 2001 trends based on a daily tracking survey conducted February 1, 2001-March 1, 2001 [N=2,096]. 23 December 2000 trends based on a daily tracking survey conducted December 2-22, 2000 [N=2,383]. 24 November 2000 trends based on a daily tracking survey conducted November 2, 2000 – December 1 [N=6,322]. 25 October 2000 trends based on a daily tracking survey conducted October 2 – November 1, 2000 [N=3,336]. 26 September 2000 trends based on a daily tracking survey conducted September 15 – October 1, 2000 [N=1,302]. 27 July/August 2000 trends based on a daily tracking survey conducted July 24 – August 20, 2000 [N=2,109]. 28 May/June 2000 trends based on a daily tracking survey conducted May 2 – June 30, 2000 [N=4,606]. 29 March/April 2000 trends based on a daily tracking survey conducted March 1 – May 1, 2000 [N=6,036]. 30 Nov 2004 trend based on Pew Research Center for the People and the Press November 2004 Re-Interview Survey, November 5-8, 2004, n=1,209 voters. 31 November 2000 trends based on the Pew Research Center for People and the Press 2000 Campaign and Internet Survey conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. [N=8,378 adults 18 and older]. Interview dates: October 10-November 26, 2000. In this trend question, N=1,435, those who go online for election news. 32 November 1998 trends based on the Pew Research Center for People and the Press 1998 Technology Survey conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. N=2,000 adults 18 years or older. Interview dates: October 26- December 1, 1998. 33 March 20-25, 2003 figures based on daily tracking survey conducted March 20-25, 2003 [N=1,600]. 34 In March through June 2000, Q6 asked only of computer users (Q5=1). 35 Question wording for all trends in Q12/Q12.0 on or before March/May 2002 as follows: “When did you first start going online: was it within the last six months, a year ago, two or three years ago, or more than three years ago?”; “About how many years have you had Internet access?” 36 All trend results prior to March 2000 based on surveys conducted by The Pew Research Center for People & the Press. 37 Jan 2004 figures based on the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press Political Communications Study, December 19, 2003 through January 4, 2004 [n=1,506].