DOCSLIB.ORG

To the Kalamata (SW Peloponnese, Greece) Earthquake (Ms=6.2, September 13, 1986) and Correlation with Neotectonic Structures and Active Faults Ioannis G

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
To the Kalamata (SW Peloponnese, Greece) Earthquake (Ms=6.2, September 13, 1986) and Correlation with Neotectonic Structures and Active Faults Ioannis G ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS, 56, 6, 2013, S0675; doi:10.4401/ag-6237 Special Issue: Earthquake geology Application of the Environmental Seismic Intensity scale (ESI 2007) and the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) to the Kalamata (SW Peloponnese, Greece) earthquake (Ms=6.2, September 13, 1986) and correlation with neotectonic structures and active faults Ioannis G. Fountoulis, Spyridon D. Mavroulis* National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, Department of Dynamic Tectonic Applied Geology, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece Article history Received October 16, 2012; accepted June 11, 2013. Subject classification: Neotectonics, Earthquake environmental effects, ESI 2007 intensity scale, EMS-98 intensity scale, Kalamata earthquake. ABSTRACT based on evaluation of the earthquake effects on hu- On September 13, 1986, a shallow earthquake (Ms=6.2) struck the city mans, manmade structures and the natural environ- of Kalamata and the surrounding areas (SW Peloponnese, Greece) re- ment. However, in the early versions of these scales, the sulting in 20 fatalities, over 300 injuries, extensive structural damage and earthquake effects on the natural environment were many earthquake environmental effects (EEE). The main shock was fol- scarcely included. Their presence in the scale was mostly lowed by several aftershocks, the strongest of which occurred two days due to many references to ground cracks, landslides and later (Ms=5.4). The EEE induced by the 1986 Kalamata earthquake se- landscape modifications contained in the historical re- quence include ground subsidence, seismic faults, seismic fractures, rock- ports [Guerrieri and Vittori 2007]. Later, in the second falls and hydrological anomalies. The maximum ESI 2007 intensity for half of the 20th century, these effects have been in- the main shock has been evaluated as IXESI 2007, strongly related to the creasingly disregarded in the literature and the practice active fault zones and the reactivated faults observed in the area as well of macroseismic investigations, while increasing atten- as to the intense morphology of the activated Dimiova-Perivolakia tion has been directed towards the analysis of the effects graben, which is a 2nd order neotectonic structure located in the SE mar- on humans and manmade structures [Gosar 2012]. gin of the Kalamata-Kyparissia mega-graben and bounded by active fault The EMS-98 scale, which is nowadays predomi- zones. The major structural damage of the main shock was selective and nantly used in Europe, considers three categories of ef- limited to villages founded on the activated Dimiova-Perivolakia graben fects: (a) on humans, (b) on objects and on nature and (IXEMS-98 ) and to the Kalamata city (IXEMS-98 ) and its eastern suburbs (c) damage to buildings [Grünthal 1998]. Its basic ad- (IXEMS-98 ) located at the crossing of the prolongation of two major active vantage in comparison to previous scales is a definition fault zones of the affected area. On the contrary, damage of this size was of vulnerability classes for buildings and more precise not observed in the surrounding neotectonic structures, which were not ac- statistical treatment of collected macroseismic data tivated during this earthquake sequence. It is concluded that both inten- [Grünthal 1998]. This quantification is elaborated in de- sity scales fit in with the neotectonic regime of the area. The ESI 2007 tails for the first three effects, but not for the effects on scale complemented the EMS-98 seismic intensities and provided a com- nature which are rather briefly summarized in a table in pleted picture of the strength and the effects of the September 13, 1986, EMS-98 scale. Effects on nature, summed up in the Kalamata earthquake on the natural and the manmade environment. EMS-98 scale by the term “seismogeological” effects, Moreover, it contributed to a better picture of the earthquake scenario and are divided into four groups: (a) hydrological effects, in- represents a useful and reliable tool for seismic hazard assessment. cluding changes in the well water level, waves on stand- ing water from local shaking, lake water turbidity, 1. Introduction changes in the flow of springs and overflow of lakes, The twelve degrees macroseismic intensity scales, (b) slope failure effects, including landslides and rock- developed since the beginning of the 20th century, were falls, (c) processes on flat ground, including cracks and S0675 FOUNTOULIS AND MAVROULIS fissures as well as (d) convergent processes (complex The use of EEE for intensity assessment has been cases) such as landslides (hydrological) and liquefaction recently promoted by the Environmental Seismic In- phenomena [Grünthal 1998]. This latter group covers tensity scale (ESI 2007) since it will unquestionably pro- instances where more than one type of process is in- vide an added value to traditional intensity evaluations volved in producing the effect. For each type of effects (i) allowing the accurate assessment of intensity in three intensity ranges are presented in tabular form: (a) sparsely populated areas, (ii) providing a reliable esti- the possible range of observations, (b) the range of in- mation of earthquake size with increasing accuracy to- tensities that is typical for this effect, and (c) the range wards the highest levels of the scale, where traditional of intensities for which this effect is most usefully em- scales saturate and ground effects are the only ones that ployed as diagnostic [Grünthal 1998]. permit a reliable estimation of earthquake size, and (iii) The effects of earthquakes on the ground have allowing comparison among future, recent and histor- often been included in intensity scales but are in prac- ical earthquakes [Michetti et al. 2004]. In addition, some tice quite hard to benefit from [Grünthal 1998]. This is environmental morphogenetic effects (either primary because these effects are complex, and are often influ- or secondary) can be stored in the palaeoseismological enced by various factors such as inherent slope stability, record, allowing the expansion of the time window for level of water table, etc., which may not be readily ap- seismic hazard assessment up to tens of thousands of parent to the observer. The result is that most of these years [Guerrieri et al. 2007, Porfido et al. 2007]. Fur- effects can be seen at a wide range of intensity degrees thermore, the EEE are not influenced by human pa- which prevents its practical use in intensities assessment rameters such as effects on people and the manmade [Grünthal 1998]. environment as the traditional intensity scales (MCS, Nevertheless, recent studies [Dengler and McPher- MM, EMS 1992, etc.) predominantly have built in. son 1993, Serva 1994, Dowrick 1996, Esposito et al. This paper focuses on the September 13, 1986, 1997, Hancox et al. 2002, Michetti et al. 2004, 2007, Kalamata earthquake that affected the Kalamata area Castilla and Audemard 2007, Serva et al. 2007, Silva et located in Messinia (SW Peloponnese, Greece). It aims al. 2008, Reicherter et al. 2009] have offered new sub- to: (a) the presentation of the geotectonic and seismo- stantial evidence that coseismic environmental effects tectonic regime of the earthquake affected region provide precious information on the earthquake size based on field data, (b) the presentation of the earth- and its intensity field, complementing the traditional quake induced environmental effects and structural damage-based macroseismic scales. As a matter of fact, damage, (c) the seismic intensity assignments for the with the outstanding growth of paleoseismology as a September 13, 1986, Kalamata earthquake based on the new independent discipline, nowadays the effects on guidelines of the Environmental Seismic Intensity scale the environment can be described and quantified with (ESI 2007) [Michetti et al. 2007] and the European a remarkable detail compared with that available at the Macroseimic Scale (EMS-98) [Grünthal 1998], (d) the time of the earlier scales. Therefore, today the defini- determination of their geographical distribution, (e) tion of the intensity degrees can effectively take advan- the interpretation of the intensity values data and their tage of the diagnostic characteristics of the effects on distribution to the neotectonic structures and the active the natural environment. fault zones of the area as well as at (f) the conduction Earthquake environmental effects (EEE) are any of a comparative evaluation review on the application effect produced by a seismic event on the natural envi- of both ESI 2007 and EMS 98 scales. ronment [Michetti et al. 2007]. The coseismic environ- mental effects considered more diagnostic for intensity 2. Geological setting evaluation can be categorized in two main types: (a) The geological formations in the wider Kalamata Primary effects, which are the surface expressions of area can be divided into two major categories: alpine the seismogenic tectonic source, including surface fault- and post-alpine (Figure 1). ing, surface uplift and subsidence and any other surface evidence of coseismic tectonic deformation; (b) Sec- 2.1. Alpine formations ondary effects, which include phenomena generally in- The following four alpine geotectonic units occur duced by the ground shaking [Michetti et al. 2007] and from bottom to top [Mariolakos et al. 1986, Psonis are conveniently classified into eight main categories 1986] (Figure 2a,b): (a) the Mani unit consisting mainly that are hydrological anomalies, anomalous waves in- of Upper Senonian-Upper
Load more

Recommended publications
  • B UMOWA Pomiędzy Wspólnotą Europejską I Stanami Zjednoczonymi Ameryki W Sprawie Handlu Winem (Dz.U
    02006A0324(01) — PL — 01.06.2012 — 001.001 — 1 Dokument ten służy wyłącznie do celów informacyjnych i nie ma mocy prawnej. Unijne instytucje nie ponoszą żadnej odpowiedzialności za jego treść. Autentyczne wersje odpowiednich aktów prawnych, włącznie z ich preambułami, zostały opublikowane w Dzienniku Urzędowym Unii Europejskiej i są dostępne na stronie EUR-Lex. Bezpośredni dostęp do tekstów urzędowych można uzyskać za pośrednictwem linków zawartych w dokumencie ►B UMOWA pomiędzy Wspólnotą Europejską i Stanami Zjednoczonymi Ameryki w sprawie handlu winem (Dz.U. L 87 z 24.3.2006, s. 2) zmienione przez: Dziennik Urzędowy nr strona data ►M1 Decyzja wykonawcza Komisji 2011/751/UE z dnia 13 września 2011 r. L 308 36 24.11.2011 ►M2 Decyzja wykonawcza Komisji 2012/275/UE z dnia 2 maja 2012 r. L 134 23 24.5.2012 02006A0324(01) — PL — 01.06.2012 — 001.001 — 2 ▼B UMOWA pomiędzy Wspólnotą Europejską i Stanami Zjednoczonymi Ameryki w sprawie handlu winem WSPÓLNOTA EUROPEJSKA, zwana dalej „Wspólnotą”, oraz STANY ZJEDNOCZONE AMERYKI, zwane dalej „Stanami Zjednoczonymi”, zwane dalej łącznie „Stronami”, UZNAJĄC, że Strony dążą do ustanowienia bliższych powiązań w sektorze wina, DĄŻĄC do wspierania rozwoju handlu winem w ramach wzrastającego wzajem­ nego porozumienia, ZDECYDOWANE zapewnić harmonijne otoczenie dla poruszania problemów związanych z handlem winem pomiędzy Stronami, UZGODNIŁY, CO NASTĘPUJE: TYTUŁ I POSTANOWIENIA POCZĄTKOWE Artykuł 1 Cele Cele niniejszej Umowy obejmują: a) ułatwienie handlu winem pomiędzy Stronami oraz poprawę współ­ pracy przy opracowywaniu przepisów dotyczących takiego handlu oraz zwiększenie przejrzystości tych przepisów; b) położenie w pierwszej fazie podwalin pod szersze porozumienie w sprawie handlu winem pomiędzy Stronami; oraz c) stworzenie ram dla kontynuowania negocjacji w sektorze wina.
    [Show full text]
  • The Waterway of Hellespont and Bosporus: the Origin of the Names and Early Greek Haplology
    The Waterway of Hellespont and Bosporus: the Origin of the Names and Early Greek Haplology Dedicated to Henry and Renee Kahane* DEMETRIUS J. GEORGACAS ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. A few abbreviations are listed: AJA = American Journal of Archaeology. AJP = American Journal of Philology (The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Md.). BB = Bezzenbergers Beitriige zur Kunde der indogermanischen Sprachen. BNF = Beitriige zur Namenforschung (Heidelberg). OGL = Oorpus Glossariorum Latinorum, ed. G. Goetz. 7 vols. Lipsiae, 1888-1903. Chantraine, Dict. etym. = P. Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque. Histoire des mots. 2 vols: A-K. Paris, 1968, 1970. Eberts RLV = M. Ebert (ed.), Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte. 16 vols. Berlin, 1924-32. EBr = Encyclopaedia Britannica. 30 vols. Chicago, 1970. EEBE = 'E:rccr'YJel~ t:ET:ateeta~ Bv~avnvwv E:rcovowv (Athens). EEC/JE = 'E:rcuJT'YJfhOVtUn ' E:rccrrJel~ C/JtAOaocptufj~ EXOAfj~ EIsl = The Encyclopaedia of Islam (Leiden and London) 1 (1960)-. Frisk, GEJV = H. Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch. 2 vols. Heidelberg, 1954 to 1970. GEL = Liddell-Scott-Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford, 1925-40. A Supplement, 1968. GaM = Geographi Graeci Minores, ed. C. Miiller. GLM = Geographi Latini Minores, ed. A. Riese. GR = Geographical Review (New York). GZ = Geographische Zeitschrift (Berlin). IF = Indogermanische Forschungen (Berlin). 10 = Inscriptiones Graecae (Berlin). LB = Linguistique Balkanique (Sofia). * A summary of this paper was read at the meeting of the Linguistic Circle of Manitoba and North Dakota on 24 October 1970. My thanks go to Prof. Edmund Berry of the Univ. of Manitoba for reading a draft of the present study and for stylistic and other suggestions, and to the Editor of Names, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Enterprises and Their Ecosystems in Europe
    SOCIAL ENTERPRISES AND THEIR ECOSYSTEMS IN EUROPE Country report GREECE Angelos Varvarousis Georgios Tsitsirigkos Social Europe This report is part of the study “Social enterprises and their ecosystems in Europe” and it provides an overview of the social enterprise landscape in Greece based on available information as of July 2019. It describes the roots and drivers of social enterprises in the country as well as their conceptual, fiscal and legal framework. It includes an estimate of the number of organisations and outlines the ecosystem as well as some perspectives for the future of social enterprises in the country. This publication is an outcome of an assignment financed entirely by the European Union Programme for Employment and Social Innovation "EaSI" (2014-2020). For further information please consult: http://ec.europa.eu/social/easi Manuscript completed in September 2019 1st edition Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of the following information. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2019 © European Union, 2019 Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The reuse policy of European Commission documents is regulated by Decision 2011/833/EU (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EU copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. Catalogue number KE-07-18-051-EN-N ISBN 978-92-79-97886-9 | DOI 10.2767/51539 You can
    [Show full text]
  • Assigning Macroseismic Intensities of Historical Earthquakes from Late 19Th Century in Sw Peloponnese (Greece)
    ASSIGNING MACROSEISMIC INTENSITIES OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES FROM LATE 19TH CENTURY IN SW PELOPONNESE (GREECE) Nikos SAKELLARIOU1 and Vassiliki KOUSKOUNA2 ABSTRACT The seismic activity of Greece has always been present in the country’s history. Numerous earthquakes have occurred in the area of SW Peloponnese, which includes the seismically active faults of Kalamata, Pamisos and Messinian gulf, as well as the subduction zone of the Hellenic arc. In the present paper macroseismic information was collected from contemporary and recent earthquake studies and the local press for three significant earthquakes of this area, i.e. Messini (1885), Filiatra (1886) and Kyparissia (1899). These earthquakes are presented in detail, as far as the flow of information, damage reports, seismological compilations and intensity assignment and distribution are concerned, from which macroseismic parameters (i.e. epicentre, magnitude) were assessed. The macroseismic datapoints of the studied earthquakes were introduced to a database, containing the event dates (OS/NS), source of information and date, the digitized original texts containing all sorts of macroseismic information and, finally, the assigned intensities expressed in EMS98, which may also act as input to the Hellenic Macroseismic Database (http://macroseismology.geol.uoa.gr/). INTRODUCTION Throughout the ages earthquakes have been the most destructive of all natural hazards, having been associated with crises due to their effects in several aspects of human life. In historical times the damage and sudden crippling of the economy of an area led to population movements, emigration or desertification of villages, even small towns. Since we are not able to foresee what will happen in the future, we have to find out what happened in the past and extrapolate to modern times.
    [Show full text]
  • 7. DIATOPY of Ot by ITSELF
    7.ÊDIATOPY OF pu BY ITSELF In ¤6, a longitudinal study was made of complementation paradigms across Greek deviating from CSMG. This chapter covers the remainder of the functions of pu by itself in Modern Greek dialects.1 It is more akin to a survey, as the dis- cussion is organised according to linguistic function, rather than region. Such a survey has never been attempted to date, and the diatopic heterogeny in func- tionality of pu, as well as the unifying factors in its use, can only emerge after a full survey of this kind. 7.1.ÊRelative locative adverb 7.1.1.ÊHeadless locative In archaic dialects of Greek, a pu-cognate can be used on its own to introduce headless locativesÑa function normally performed in CSMG by Èopu. This hap- pens in Tsakonian with pHi, even though Ôwhere(ever)Õ is normally expressed there by okia, cognate to Èopu, or the pseudo-relative orpa pHi, corresponding to CSMG eki pu Ôthere thatÕ. (1a) EzŒkaÝ p\ Õ e¼ni katafiaskoymªn³oi ts^Õ e¼ni ªggoynte t\on KŒtoy K¿smo ts^Õ e¼ni oro´nte toy penato¼ ts^Õ e¼ni par¼nte k¼soy. ezakai pH iøi katafiaskumeni tþ iøi eNgunde tHon katu kosmo tþ iøi orunde tu penati tþ iøi parinde kisu. They went where people fall into comas and go into the Underworld and see the dead and come back. (CostS ¤12; Melana, Southern Tsakonia) In fact, orpa pHi is juxtaposed with the older headless pHi in (1b): (1b) EzŒts^Õ o nhxanik¿, p\ Õ ªkÕ ªxoy o gªroy Pa´lo prÃta ªna magaz¼, ¿rpa p\ Õ ªki a plate¼a, d¼pla.
    [Show full text]
  • 03 Pomonis 75
    Ofioliti, 2005, 30 (2), 75-84 75 GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THE KOZIAKAS OPHIOLITIC COMPLEX (WESTERN THESSALY, GREECE) Panagiotis Pomonis*, Basilios Tsikouras and Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou University of Patras, Department of Geology, Section of Earth Materials, Patras, GR-265 00, Greece. * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected]. Keywords: ophiolite, mélange, peridotite, serpentinite. Koziakas, Thessaly. ABSTRACT The Koziakas ophiolitic complex is located in Western Thessaly and is interpreted as a dismembered ophiolite sequence, which overthrust the Western Thessaly Unit (WTU). The Koziakas basal Unit consists of sedimentary rocks and occupies the stratigraphically lowermost members of the WTU. The Ophi- olitic Unit overthrust the WTU and consists, from bottom to top, of a well-developed ophiolitic mélange, a sub-ophiolitic metamorphic sole, serpentinites, ser- pentinized peridotites, peridotites (harzburgite, lherzolite, plagioclase lherzolite), massive dolerites, massive basalts and pillow lavas interlayered with Mn- rich radiolarites. The ophiolitic mélange comprises a chaotic multicoloured complex of various rock fragments. A sparse network of gabbroic (locally rodingi- tized), plagiogranitic and doleritic dykes intrudes the mantle tectonites along two main cross-cutting directions: the first strikes NE-SW and dips 50o-70o to the NW, the second strikes N-S to NNW-SSE with a dip of about 65o-80o to the west. The dominant tectonic fabrics such as shear zones, fold axes, foliation planes and mineral streching lineations, imprinted mainly on the Koziakas mantle tectonites trend NW to NE and are consistent with a NE-SW emplacement direction. The similar radiometric ages and the comparable geological characteristics of the Koziakas ophiolitic complex with its adjacent ophiolite suites of Pindos, Vourinos and Othris imply that they probably developed in the same marginal basin represented by the Pindos ocean basin.
    [Show full text]
  • Messinia, the Ideal Tourist Destination…
    Messinia, the ideal tourist destination… If you find boring the classical tourist destinations and are looking for an original destination for your trip this year, think smart and choose Messinia! At the Crossroads of West and East, yesterday and today, Messinia with its rich cultural heritage, its mild climate, vast natural beauty and the most vibrant city of the southern Peloponnese, Kalamata, is the most ideal all season destination! Messinia is a destination that satisfies every requirement, a destination combining originality, comfort and fun, offering satisfaction to the guests, many facilities to event organizers, a destination that will ensure success. • Where is Messinia Messinia is lying at the south-western most tip of the Peloponnese! With 140km of coastline embraced by a crystal sea, beautiful landscapes, picturesque towns! The capital of the region, Kalamata is a city immortalized in numerable Greek songs, with an appreciable cultural and commercial activity and the most important harbour of the Peloponnese after Patras. Messinia is the window of Greece to the Mediterranean and the world. • Climate Messinia has a characteristic mild, temperate climate (except of mountainous areas) as the annual thermometric range is approximately between 13 – 19°C. Messinia is one of the sunniest regions of Greece. Usually, it is raining in the winter and the summers are hot and dry. Kalamata enjoys a mild, and wet climate in winter and dry and hot in summer. The maximum temperature ever recorded at Kalamata is 42,6°C and the minimum ever recorded is -5°C. The excellent climatic conditions of Messinia make the area ideal for vacation 365 days a year! • How to access Messinia and Kalamata The international Airport of Kalamata “Captain Vasilis Constantakopoulos” is also connected to Athens, Thessaloniki and many other countries (France, U.K, Russia, Austria, Germany etc.) Messinia, Kalamata is connected with Athens, through the New National Road of Athens-Tripoli-Kalamata.
    [Show full text]
  • Divine Riddles: a Sourcebook for Greek and Roman Mythology March, 2014
    Divine Riddles: A Sourcebook for Greek and Roman Mythology March, 2014 E. Edward Garvin, Editor What follows is a collection of excerpts from Greek literary sources in translation. The intent is to give students an overview of Greek mythology as expressed by the Greeks themselves. But any such collection is inherently flawed: the process of selection and abridgement produces a falsehood because both the narrative and meta-narrative are destroyed when the continuity of the composition is interrupted. Nevertheless, this seems the most expedient way to expose students to a wide range of primary source information. I have tried to keep my voice out of it as much as possible and will intervene as editor (in this Times New Roman font) only to give background or exegesis to the text. All of the texts in Goudy Old Style are excerpts from Greek or Latin texts (primary sources) that have been translated into English. Ancient Texts In the field of Classics, we refer to texts by Author, name of the book, book number, chapter number and line number.1 Every text, regardless of language, uses the same numbering system. Homer’s Iliad, for example, is divided into 24 books and the lines in each book are numbered. Hesiod’s Theogony is much shorter so no book divisions are necessary but the lines are numbered. Below is an example from Homer’s Iliad, Book One, showing the English translation on the left and the Greek original on the right. When citing this text we might say that Achilles is first mentioned by Homer in Iliad 1.7 (i.7 is also acceptable).
    [Show full text]
  • Coins in the Regions and Towns of Medieval Greece
    chapter 4 Coins in the Regions and Towns of Medieval Greece Coins have been found in the Greek towns and regions as hoards, singles or strays, or in excavations. Some are from overtly urban, others from rural or semi-rural contexts. Coins were deposited in graves, or discarded in rubbish dumps. The aim of this chapter is to consider specifically and afresh the coins in their archaeological and topographical settings. Our interest is to see how the different data sets can illuminate one another. Information presented al- ready in the other chapters, and in the appendices – while taken as given – will not unduly weigh down the current discussions, and cross-references are made sparingly. Maps 1–4 on pp. 1599–1605 allow for the location of a large propor- tion of the finds considered here. 1 Peloponnese, with Special Reference to Corinth, Argos, Sparta, and Clarentza Relevant hoards: «1. Kaparelli 1927», «3. Mapsos 1991», «33. Arkadia 1958», «35. Sparta 1957», «36. Corinth 15 July 1929», «37. Corinth 15–16 June 1960», «38. Argos 1984», «39. Methana», «43. Corinth 1898», «45. Erymantheia 1955», «46. Patra before 1940», «47. Seltsi 1938», «50. Sparta 1926C», «52. Xirochori 2001», «53. Corinth 15 June 1925», «54. Berbati 1953», «56. Corinth 16 April 1929», «57. Corinth 1938», «59. Argos 1988», «60. Nemea 1936», «63. Kordokopi 1972», «69. Capstan Navy Cut»(?), «70. Corinth 8 May 1934», «76. Corinth 20–21 August 1928», «77. Corinth 1992», «81. Troizina 1899», «83. Xirochori 1957», «87. Vourvoura», «89. Epidauros 1904», «90. Limnes 2006», «92. Pylia 1968/1969», «142. Patra 1955A», «146.
    [Show full text]
  • Map of Greek Wines Greek of Map
    geographical indication i.e., Verdea and 15 retsinas (PGI wines of Greece). Greece). of wines (PGI retsinas 15 and Verdea i.e., indication geographical Regional Wines and any of the wines of “Traditional Designation” which, simultaneously, have an established established an have simultaneously, which, Designation” “Traditional of wines the of any and Wines Regional PGI Wines: Wines: PGI PGI products are those bearing a “Protected Geographical Indication”. This wine category comprises all all comprises category wine This Indication”. Geographical “Protected a bearing those are products PGI PGI Imathia PGI 24 PGI Pallini PGI PGI Chios PGI Kropia Retsina PGI Krania PGI 72 120 96 48 .. ............................................................................................................................... .. ............................................................................................................................... PGI Ilia PGI 23 .. ............................................................................................................................... .. ............................................................................................................................... .. ............................................................................................................................... .. ............................................................................................................................... PGI Peanea PGI PGI Chania PGI Karystos Retsina PGI Koropi PGI 71 119 95
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Dirlik, N., 2012. the Tholos Tombs Of
    ABSTRACT Dirlik, N., 2012. The Tholos Tombs of Mycenaean Greece. Master’s thesis in Classical Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University. Nil Dirlik, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University, Box 626, SE – 751 26 Uppsala, Sweden. This thesis is contains descriptions and definitions of the 2nd millennium BC tholos tomb architecture in Mainland Greece. The study area is divided into eight regions: Peloponnessos, Central Greece, Epirus, Attica, Euboea, Thessaly, Macedonia and Thrace. The time period of earliest tomb dated between 2000-1675 BC and the latest between 1320-1160 BC. Attention has been put on issues of typological characteristics, construction technique and stone materials of the tholos tombs. Keywords: Mycenaean, Messenia, Argolis, Arcadia, Laconia, Epirus, Euboea, Attica, Thessaly, tholos, tumulus, dromos, stomion. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................1 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.....................................................................................................4 1.1. Background and presentation of the tombs.............................................................8 1.2. Aim and goal............................................................................................................8 1.3. Method.....................................................................................................................9 1.4. Research History....................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • A Rc H Aleolocgi Cal Project, Part 111
    HESPERIA 69, 2000 PY LO S R E G I O NAL Pages 343-380 A RC H ALEOLOCGI CAL PROJECT, PART 111 SIR WILLIAM GELL'S ITINERARY IN THE PYLIA AND REGIONAL LANDSCAPES IN THE MOREA IN THE SECOND OTTOMAN PERIOD ABSTRACT This article previewsthe study of the Second Ottoman period (1715-1821) by members of the Pylos Regional Archaeological Project. By closely com- paring Sir William Gell's apparently dispassionate descriptions of the Navarino Bay areawith other documentaryand archaeologicaldata, we sug- gest that reconstruction of settlement and land use relying solely on Gell's descriptions can result in misrepresentation.This conclusion has implica- tions for modern Greek social and economic history, since the image that Gell sketches appearsto support a commonly held belief that settlement dur- ing Ottoman occupationwas concentratedin more mountainous areas,while the lowlands were largelydevoid of permanent habitation. Since the earliest days of regional archaeological surveys in Greece, the study of the periods of Ottoman occupation has proven frustrating.' For most earlier periods, artifact typologies-based on chipped stone or ce- ramics-are sufficiently well understood to allow surface remains found by means of intensive survey to be dated, sometimes with great precision. Pottery from the times of Turkish domination, on the other hand, is rela- tively poorly understood, particularly for the 18th and early 19th centu- ries, and can generally be assigned only to broad chronological parameters. 1. We would like to thank Pierre also gratefulto
    [Show full text]