Chapter 5 Topic Questions: Atoms to Minerals
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Name: ______Block: ______Chapter 5 Topic Questions: Atoms to Minerals
Use complete sentences in all instances when appropriate
Matter
1. Define Matter:
2. How are Weight and Mass different?
3. Normal matter is composed of ______.
4. Define Element and give five examples of an element (other than those listed in the paragraph in the book).
Atomic Structure
5. An Atom is:
6. Negatively charged particles in an atom are called ______. Where are these particles found?
7. One of the most important elements found in the Earth is ______.
8. The heaviest natural element is ______.
Atomic Bonds
10. Most substances on Earth aren’t pure elements, but rather ______.
11. What is a Compound?
12. Atoms are held together by electrons that are ______.
13. Two or more atoms held together by electrons that have been shared form a ______.
14. The two most abundant molecules on the Earth share what kind of bond?
15. An atom with a negative charge because it has gained or lost an electron is called a/an ______.
Compounds and Mixtures
16. What is a mixture? Give an example of a mixture.
17. Compounds can be separated only by: Minerals
18. Minerals consist of ______.
19. Identify the five characteristics of minerals. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
20. (True/False) Mercury is a mineral.
21. (True/False) Coal is not a mineral.
22. (True/False) Minerals can be made in a lab.
23. Silicon and Oxygen make up what percentage of the matter on the Earth by mass?
24. ______percent of all of the minerals in the Earth’s crust are made of compounds containing Oxygen and Silicon.
25. Different minerals mixed together are called ______.
Mineral Formation
26. Many types of minerals form in ______.
27. The types of minerals that form in magma depends on:
28. What determines the size of the mineral crystals formed n magma?
29. The mineral Halite (salt) forms when
30. Heat and pressure can create new ______during formation of Metamorphic rock.
Mineral Structure
31. Minerals have a ______structure.
32. Define Crystal:
33. (True/False) The arrangement of atoms that make up the compounds in a mineral is random.
34. What determines the shape of a crystal of a particular mineral?
35. (True/False) Different minerals share the same crystal form. 36. What is a Crystal Face?
37. The most common mineral group in the Earth’s crust is the ______.
Identifying Minerals
38. Define Cleavage:
39. List the four common rock-forming minerals mentioned in the text. 1. 2. 3. 4.
40. Most rock-forming minerals are ______.
41. What is the method most commonly used to identify a mineral?
42. Identify five physical properties of minerals that are used to identify them. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
43. The most easily observed, but least useful, physical characteristic of a mineral is ______.
44. Why is this?
45. The way a mineral shines in the light is called______.
46. Minerals that shine like polished metal have a ______luster.
47. Terms used to describe the luster of a mineral include:
Testing Mineral Specimens
48. What four mineral properties can be tested with a mineral specimen? 1. 2. 3. 4.
49. The color of the powder left when a mineral is rubbed on an unglazed white tile is called ______. 50. When minerals break along surfaces that are not cleavage surfaces, they are exhibiting ______.
51. A “splintery” fracture creates a ______surface with ______edges.
52. The ______of a mineral is the resistance of that mineral to being scratched.
53. The scale that measures the ability, or lack of ability, of a mineral to scratch another mineral is called the ______.
54. The Specific Gravity of a mineral tells you how much denser a mineral is than ______.
Mineral Groups
55. The chemical formula for Quartz is ______.
56. Quartz is found in rock such as ______and ______.
57. Quartz is the ______most abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust.
58. Orthoclase Feldspar is commonly found in the rock ______, and gives one type of this rock its pink color.
59. Four rocks that are composed almost entirely of Carbonate minerals include: 1. 2. 3. 4.
60. ______and ______contain significant amounts of Iron.
61. The eight most common elements in the Earth’s Crust are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
62. The four major mineral groups are: 1. 2. 3. 4.