Name: ______Block: ______Chapter 5 Topic Questions: Atoms to Minerals

Use complete sentences in all instances when appropriate

Matter

1. Define Matter:

2. How are Weight and Mass different?

3. Normal matter is composed of ______.

4. Define Element and give five examples of an element (other than those listed in the paragraph in the book).

Atomic Structure

5. An Atom is:

6. Negatively charged particles in an atom are called ______. Where are these particles found?

7. One of the most important elements found in the Earth is ______.

8. The heaviest natural element is ______.

Atomic Bonds

10. Most substances on Earth aren’t pure elements, but rather ______.

11. What is a Compound?

12. Atoms are held together by electrons that are ______.

13. Two or more atoms held together by electrons that have been shared form a ______.

14. The two most abundant molecules on the Earth share what kind of bond?

15. An atom with a negative charge because it has gained or lost an electron is called a/an ______.

Compounds and Mixtures

16. What is a mixture? Give an example of a mixture.

17. Compounds can be separated only by: Minerals

18. Minerals consist of ______.

19. Identify the five characteristics of minerals. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

20. (True/False) Mercury is a mineral.

21. (True/False) Coal is not a mineral.

22. (True/False) Minerals can be made in a lab.

23. Silicon and Oxygen make up what percentage of the matter on the Earth by mass?

24. ______percent of all of the minerals in the Earth’s crust are made of compounds containing Oxygen and Silicon.

25. Different minerals mixed together are called ______.

Mineral Formation

26. Many types of minerals form in ______.

27. The types of minerals that form in magma depends on:

28. What determines the size of the mineral crystals formed n magma?

29. The mineral Halite (salt) forms when

30. Heat and pressure can create new ______during formation of Metamorphic rock.

Mineral Structure

31. Minerals have a ______structure.

32. Define Crystal:

33. (True/False) The arrangement of atoms that make up the compounds in a mineral is random.

34. What determines the shape of a crystal of a particular mineral?

35. (True/False) Different minerals share the same crystal form. 36. What is a Crystal Face?

37. The most common mineral group in the Earth’s crust is the ______.

Identifying Minerals

38. Define Cleavage:

39. List the four common rock-forming minerals mentioned in the text. 1. 2. 3. 4.

40. Most rock-forming minerals are ______.

41. What is the method most commonly used to identify a mineral?

42. Identify five physical properties of minerals that are used to identify them. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

43. The most easily observed, but least useful, physical characteristic of a mineral is ______.

44. Why is this?

45. The way a mineral shines in the light is called______.

46. Minerals that shine like polished metal have a ______luster.

47. Terms used to describe the luster of a mineral include:

Testing Mineral Specimens

48. What four mineral properties can be tested with a mineral specimen? 1. 2. 3. 4.

49. The color of the powder left when a mineral is rubbed on an unglazed white tile is called ______. 50. When minerals break along surfaces that are not cleavage surfaces, they are exhibiting ______.

51. A “splintery” fracture creates a ______surface with ______edges.

52. The ______of a mineral is the resistance of that mineral to being scratched.

53. The scale that measures the ability, or lack of ability, of a mineral to scratch another mineral is called the ______.

54. The Specific Gravity of a mineral tells you how much denser a mineral is than ______.

Mineral Groups

55. The chemical formula for Quartz is ______.

56. Quartz is found in rock such as ______and ______.

57. Quartz is the ______most abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust.

58. Orthoclase Feldspar is commonly found in the rock ______, and gives one type of this rock its pink color.

59. Four rocks that are composed almost entirely of Carbonate minerals include: 1. 2. 3. 4.

60. ______and ______contain significant amounts of Iron.

61. The eight most common elements in the Earth’s Crust are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

62. The four major mineral groups are: 1. 2. 3. 4.