<p> Name: ______Block: ______Chapter 5 Topic Questions: Atoms to Minerals</p><p>Use complete sentences in all instances when appropriate</p><p>Matter</p><p>1. Define Matter:</p><p>2. How are Weight and Mass different?</p><p>3. Normal matter is composed of ______.</p><p>4. Define Element and give five examples of an element (other than those listed in the paragraph in the book).</p><p>Atomic Structure</p><p>5. An Atom is:</p><p>6. Negatively charged particles in an atom are called ______. Where are these particles found?</p><p>7. One of the most important elements found in the Earth is ______.</p><p>8. The heaviest natural element is ______.</p><p>Atomic Bonds</p><p>10. Most substances on Earth aren’t pure elements, but rather ______.</p><p>11. What is a Compound?</p><p>12. Atoms are held together by electrons that are ______.</p><p>13. Two or more atoms held together by electrons that have been shared form a ______.</p><p>14. The two most abundant molecules on the Earth share what kind of bond?</p><p>15. An atom with a negative charge because it has gained or lost an electron is called a/an ______.</p><p>Compounds and Mixtures</p><p>16. What is a mixture? Give an example of a mixture.</p><p>17. Compounds can be separated only by: Minerals</p><p>18. Minerals consist of ______.</p><p>19. Identify the five characteristics of minerals. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.</p><p>20. (True/False) Mercury is a mineral.</p><p>21. (True/False) Coal is not a mineral.</p><p>22. (True/False) Minerals can be made in a lab.</p><p>23. Silicon and Oxygen make up what percentage of the matter on the Earth by mass?</p><p>24. ______percent of all of the minerals in the Earth’s crust are made of compounds containing Oxygen and Silicon.</p><p>25. Different minerals mixed together are called ______.</p><p>Mineral Formation</p><p>26. Many types of minerals form in ______.</p><p>27. The types of minerals that form in magma depends on:</p><p>28. What determines the size of the mineral crystals formed n magma?</p><p>29. The mineral Halite (salt) forms when </p><p>30. Heat and pressure can create new ______during formation of Metamorphic rock.</p><p>Mineral Structure</p><p>31. Minerals have a ______structure.</p><p>32. Define Crystal:</p><p>33. (True/False) The arrangement of atoms that make up the compounds in a mineral is random.</p><p>34. What determines the shape of a crystal of a particular mineral?</p><p>35. (True/False) Different minerals share the same crystal form. 36. What is a Crystal Face?</p><p>37. The most common mineral group in the Earth’s crust is the ______.</p><p>Identifying Minerals</p><p>38. Define Cleavage:</p><p>39. List the four common rock-forming minerals mentioned in the text. 1. 2. 3. 4.</p><p>40. Most rock-forming minerals are ______.</p><p>41. What is the method most commonly used to identify a mineral?</p><p>42. Identify five physical properties of minerals that are used to identify them. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.</p><p>43. The most easily observed, but least useful, physical characteristic of a mineral is ______.</p><p>44. Why is this?</p><p>45. The way a mineral shines in the light is called______.</p><p>46. Minerals that shine like polished metal have a ______luster.</p><p>47. Terms used to describe the luster of a mineral include:</p><p>Testing Mineral Specimens</p><p>48. What four mineral properties can be tested with a mineral specimen? 1. 2. 3. 4.</p><p>49. The color of the powder left when a mineral is rubbed on an unglazed white tile is called ______. 50. When minerals break along surfaces that are not cleavage surfaces, they are exhibiting ______.</p><p>51. A “splintery” fracture creates a ______surface with ______edges.</p><p>52. The ______of a mineral is the resistance of that mineral to being scratched.</p><p>53. The scale that measures the ability, or lack of ability, of a mineral to scratch another mineral is called the ______.</p><p>54. The Specific Gravity of a mineral tells you how much denser a mineral is than ______.</p><p>Mineral Groups</p><p>55. The chemical formula for Quartz is ______.</p><p>56. Quartz is found in rock such as ______and ______.</p><p>57. Quartz is the ______most abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust.</p><p>58. Orthoclase Feldspar is commonly found in the rock ______, and gives one type of this rock its pink color.</p><p>59. Four rocks that are composed almost entirely of Carbonate minerals include: 1. 2. 3. 4.</p><p>60. ______and ______contain significant amounts of Iron.</p><p>61. The eight most common elements in the Earth’s Crust are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.</p><p>62. The four major mineral groups are: 1. 2. 3. 4.</p>