Loan Word Examples in American English (#1)

Native American, Dutch, and Spanish Native American (Indian) Influence Spanish Influence Trees, Plants, Fruits Plants and Animals

 hickory (neutral)  marijuana  pecan (Southern regional)  yucca  squash (tök > marrow BrE)  armadillo  bronco Foods  cockroach (cucaracha)  coyote  hominy (Southern regional)  vinegarroon  pemmican  succotash (neutral) Food and Drink

Animals (all neutral)  chile con carne  enchilada, taco, tamale  moose  jerky (jerked meat)  raccoon  terrapin Toponymics  woodchuck  arroyo, canyon Political  mesa, sierra  key  caucus  Tammany (New York City ...) Race & Nationality

Native American Culture  coon  creole  potlatch  dago (Diego)  powwow  mulatto  totem  octoroon, quadroom  squaw, papoose  pickaninny  moccasin  hogan, igloo, teepee, wigwam Buildings

Dutch Influence  adobe, pueblo  cafeteria Foods  patio, plaza

 cole slaw, pot cheese Miscellaneous  cookie, waffle  fiesta Social Classification  filibuster  hoosegow (juzgar = to judge > jail)  ranch  boss (cf Black English, or Southern)  rumba  patroon (cf 'quadroon', 'octoroon')  stevedore (dokkmunkás)  Yankee ('Jan Kees', trad. Dutch fool)  tornado Loan Word Examples in American English (#2)

French and German French Influence German Influence Foods Foods

 chowder  delicatessen  jambalaya  frankfurter, hamburger  (pie) a la mode  noodle, pretzel  pumpernickel Toponymics  sauerkraut  stollen  bayou  butte Educational  levee  prairie  festschrift  rapids  semester  seminar Exploration & Travel  kindergarten

 bateau, toboggan Miscellaneous  cache, portage  Christmas tree Other  cookbook  fresh (impudent)  apache (Indian)  hex (both noun and verb)  Cajun, Canuck  nix, phooey  lacrosse (Indian)  pinochle  lagniappe, picayune (New Orleans)  turnverein

 sashay (frontier, folk-dance)  Turner(s), Turner Hall hom·i·ny (hĽm“…-n¶) n. Hulled and dried kernels of corn, prepared as food by boiling. pa·troon (p…-tr›n“) n. A landholder in New Netherland who, under Dutch colonial rule, was granted proprietary and manorial rights to a large tract of land in exchange for bringing 50 new settlers to the colony. la·gniappe (l˛n-y˛p“, l˛n“y˛p”) n. Chiefly Southern Louisiana. 1. A small gift presented by a storeowner to a customer with the customer's purchase. 2. An extra or unexpected gift or benefit. 2 Also called Regional: boot . pot·latch (pĽt“l˛ch”) n. A ceremonial feast among certain Native American peoples of the northwest Pacific coast, as in celebration of a marriage or an accession, at which the host distributes gifts according to each guest's rank or status. Between rival groups the potlatch could involve extravagant or competitive giving and destruction by the host of valued items as a display of superior wealth.