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Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth U.S.-Japan Aquaculture Panel Symposium

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Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth U.S.-Japan Aquaculture Panel Symposium Aquaculture and Stock Enhancement of Finfish Proceedings of the Thirty-fourth U.S.-Japan Aquaculture Panel Symposium San Diego, California November 7–9, 2005 Robert Stickney, Robert Iwamoto, and Michael Rust, editors © 2002 Natalie Fobes, all rights reserved U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-85 Aquaculture and Stock Enhancement of Finfish Proceedings of the Thirty-fourth U.S.-Japan Aquaculture Panel Symposium San Diego, California November 7–9, 2005 Robert Stickney, Robert Iwamoto, and Michael Rust, editors NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-85 October 2007 U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Vice Admiral Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr., USN (Ret.) Under Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere National Marine Fisheries Service William T. Hogarth, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries Suggested citation: Stickney, R., R. Iwamoto, and M. Rust (editors). 2007. Aquaculture and Stock Enhancement of Finfish: Proceedings of the Thirty-fourth U.S.-Japan Aquaculture Panel Symposium, San Diego, California, November 7–9, 2005. U.S. Dept. Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-F/SPO-85, 76 p. A copy of this report may be obtained from: Northwest Fisheries Science Center 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle, Washington 98112 Or online at: http://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/tm/ Reference throughout this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. ii Table of Introduction Contents Species Reports Seriola Current Situation of Technical Developments in Seed 1 Production of Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) in Japan Keiichi Mushiake, Hideki Yamazaki, and Hiroshi Fujimoto Sciaenids Culture of Spotted Seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) in a Closed, 5 Recirculating System Reginald B. Blaylock, Angelos Apeitos, Jason T. Lemus, and Jeffrey M. Lotz Disease Surveillance in Wild and Cultured Stocks of White 11 Seabass (Atractoscion nobilis) Mark S. Okihiro Sebastes Juvenile Mass Production of Black Rockfish (Sebastes 21 schlegeli) in FRA Miyako Station: Present Status and Problems Masahiro Nakagawa, Junichi Adachi, Ken Shimizu, and Satoshi Shiozawa Paralichthys Construction of a BAC Library from XY Japanese Flounder 27 Using Frozen Sperm Genomic DNA Hiroyuki Okamoto, Hiroyuki Nagoya, Eiichi Yamamoto, Takashi Sakamoto, Kanako Fuji, Nobuaki Okamoto, Kazuo Araki, and Ichiro Nakayama Scombrids Status of Pacific Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus orientalis) Seed 31 Production in Amami Station of NCSE FRA Hideki Nikaido, Takayuki Takebe, Kentaro Ide, Hitoshi Imaizumi, Nobuhiro Tezuka, and Syukei Masuma Genetics and Reproduction Visualization Tools to Probe Early Stage Fish Abnormalities 37 Susumu Uji and Tadahide Kurokawa Special Topics Airlift-PolyGeyser Combination Facilitates Decentralized 43 Water Treatment in Recirculating Marine Hatchery Systems Ronald F. Malone and Sripavani Gudipati Preparation of Marine Silage and its Potential for Industrial 51 Use Motoharu Uchida iii Special Topics (continued) Techniques for Live Capture of Deepwater Fishes with Special 57 Emphasis on the Design and Application of a Low-cost Hyperbaric Chamber Jeffrey E. Smiley and Mark A. Drawbridge A Preliminary Report on the Use of Porphyra Protoplast as a 63 Food Substitute for Culturing Aquatic Animals TakaoYoshimatsu, Alok Kalla, Toshiyoshi Araki, Dong-Ming Zhang, and Shuichi Sakamoto Aquaculture and Stock Enhancement Technologies Based on 69 Recently Discovered Calcium-sensing Receptors in Finfish Steve Jury, H. William Harris, Timothy Linley, David Russell, Marlies Betka, Susan Anderson, Shinji Harakawa, and Akikuni Hara Biological Studies on the Digestive Mechanism in Abalone 75 Kentaro Niwa, Hideaki Aono, and Tomoo Sawabe iv Introduction The U.S.-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources (UJNR) was established on January 29, 1964. Since its creation, the UJNR has evolved to become one of the oldest and most effective cooperative agreements between Japan and the United States. In 1969, the UJNR Aquaculture Panel was created as a vehicle for scientists of both countries to meet and discuss aquaculture research accomplishments, needs, and priorities, as well as provide opportunities for cooperative research and scientific exchange. Under the auspices of the UJNR Aquaculture Panel, U.S.-Japan scientists have met annually since 1971 without interruption. The venue for these meetings has alternated between the two countries. In November 2005 the meeting (comprised of a business meeting, scientific symposium, and several field trips) was held at the Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute, San Diego, California, and nearby environs. The scientific symposium was coordinated by Mark Drawbridge of Hubbs Sea-World and Dr. Kenneth Leber of Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida. By prior agreement of the U.S.-Japan panels, contributors to the proceedings were requested to submit manuscripts in the form of extended abstracts. Yasuji Sakai, Japan Robert Iwamoto, United States v vi Current Situation of Technical Developments in Seed Production of Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) in Japan Keiichi Mushiake Headquarters, Fisheries Research Agency 15th Floor Queen’s Tower B 2-3-3 Minatomirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama Kanagawa, Japan, 220-6115 [email protected] Hideki Yamazaki Yashima Station of National Center for Stock Enhancement FRA, Takamatsu Kagawa, Japan, 761-0111 Hiroshi Fujimoto Obama Station of NCSE FRA, Obama Fukui, Japan, 917-0117 Keywords: Yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, seed production, broodstock management Abstract The National Center for Stock Enhancement (NCSE, formerly Japan Sea-Farming Association), of the Fisheries Research Agency, introduced the stock enhancement program for yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) in 1977. Technical developments in induced spawning as well as larval and juvenile rearing techniques have increased the production of this species to 1 million juveniles per year at NCSE. This project faced three major drawbacks: high mortality of larvae, cannibalism, and the smaller size of released juveniles in comparison with their wild counterparts. The high mortality of larvae was overcome by utilizing strong aeration during the early larval stages, while cannibalism was controlled by grading juveniles by size selection. The two-month delay in the spawning season of reared broodstock (the usual spawning season is late April to early May), which caused the smaller size of released juveniles, was solved by developments in advanced spawning techniques. Photoperiod and water temperature manipulations were used to produce eggs in February, thus producing yellowtail juveniles that can be released into the wild at a size similar to that of the wild stock. Introduction Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata), which is a Research Agency (FRA), started to develop the large migratory species that moves north and south in techniques for broodstock management of yellowtail waters adjacent to the Japanese archipelago, is an in 1977. In 1978 Yashima and Kamiura Stations of important species of the fishery stock in western NCSE started seed production of the species, Japan and the coastal areas of the Sea of Japan. In followed by Goto Station of NCSE in 1981. 2002, the annual catch was 50,000 tons and the Yellowtail is a unique species distributed only aquaculture industry produced 140,000 tons. near the coast of Japan. The major spawning ground Because there is apprehension that the yellowtail is the south-central area of the East China Sea where stock may be reduced by capture of wild juveniles the spawning season starts around February. In (called mojako) for aquaculture, yellowtail juveniles Shikoku and the northern part of Kyushu, it starts were chosen as a target species for sea ranching in around April or May, so the season becomes later as 1977. Komame and Goto Stations of the National one goes further north (Hamada and Mushiake, Center for Stock Enhancement (NCSE, formerly 2006). Japan Sea-Farming Association), of the Fisheries Mushiake 1 Brief history of seed production in yellowtail current that prevented the larvae from accumulating Collection of eggs and culture of larvae and at the bottom of the tanks. The method markedly juveniles were started in order to obtain basic increased the survival rate up to 10 days after information in 1960. A marked decrease of catch hatching. Compared with the previous method, the quantity in 1970s led NCSE to begin the technical survival rate at the early stage was increased from development for broodstock management in 1977 21.7% to 58.1% in 1995 and from 14.6% to 57.4% in and seed production in 1978. 1997. In NCSE, the brief history of the technical The other problem was cannibalism. The best developments for yellowtail culture was as follows way to prevent cannibalism is to grade the juveniles (Shiozaw and Yamasaki 2006): (Shiozawa and Yamasaki 2006). When yellowtail 1. 1977–1989. NCSE was engaged in seed reach 10 mm total length (TL), they go up to the production in large quantities, thereby surface at night, so grading is carried out during a enabling the production of one million single night when the fish reach around 15 mm TL, juveniles in just one station by 1986. as that is the size when cannibalism is known to start. 2. 1990–1995. The technical developments The floating, sleeping juveniles are siphoned out of focused on the quality of seed production, the rearing tank and transferred to a net pen of 3 mm rather than
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