Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology M.A. IVth Semester COURSE NAME OF COURSE L T P C CODE AIH C 421 Ancient Indian Coinage 4 0 0 4 AIH C 422 Ancient Indian Inscriptions 4 0 0 4 AIH C 423 Methods of Dating, Documentation and 4 0 0 4 Conservation in Archaeology

AIH E 424 History of Ancient Indian Architecture II 3 0 0 3

AIH E 425 Archaeological Cultures and Sequences -II 3 0 0 3 (Early Harappan culture to 12th cent. A.D.)

AIH E 426 History of ancient Indian Art -II 3 0 0 3

AIH E 427 Indian Culture : a perspective for tourism 3 0 0 3 AIH E 428 Ancient Indian Jain and Buddhist Iconography 3 0 0 3

1 L T P C AIH C 421 Ancient Indian Coinage 4 0 0 4

I Kushana Coins

II 1. Coin of Satavahanas

2 Huna Coins.

III Coins of the Guptas.

IV 1. Indo – Sassanian Coins 2. Coins of the Maukharis and the Vardhamanas 3. Coins of the Kalachuris

V 1. Coins of the Chandellas. 2. Coins of the Gurjara Pratiharas, the Paramaras, and, the Rastrakutas 3. Coins of Kashmir

2 Books Recommended : Allan, John : Catalogue of the Coins of Ancient India. The Indian Coins in the British Museum. Bhadarkar, D.R. : Lectures on Ancient Indian Numismatics. Smith, V.A. Coins of Ancient India, Catalogue of the Coins in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, Vol. I. Cunningham, A. : Coins of Ancient India from the earliest times down to the 7th cent A.D. Cunningham, A : Coins of Mediaeval India from the 7th cent down to the Muhammadan Conquests. Cunningham, A : Coins of the Indo-Scythians, Sakas and Kusanas. P.L. Gupta : Coins. Narain, A.K. : The Indo-Greeks. Lahiri, A.N. : Corpus of Indo-Greek Coins. Rapson, E.J. : Catalogue of the Coins of Andhra Dynasty, The Western Kshatrapas, the Traikutaka dynasty and the Bodhi Dynasty. Allan, J. : Catalogue of the Coins of the Gupta Dynasty and of Shashanka, King of Gauda. Altekar, A.S. : Catalogue of the Gupta Gold Coins in the Bayana Hoard. Lallanji Gopal : Early Mediaeval Coin-types of Northern India. Narain, A.K. (ed) : The Chronology of the Punch-Marked Coins. Narain, A.K. : Local Coins of North India. Chattopadhyaya, B. : The Age of the Kushanas – A Numismatic Study. Mukherji, B.N. : Nana on Lion Sharma, I.K. : Coinage of the Satavahana Empire. Shastri, A.M. (ed) : Coinage of the Satavahanas Raijada, Ajit : Prachin Bhartiya Mudraayen Bajpai, S.K. : Aitihasik Bhartiya Sikke Altekar, A.S. : Gupta kalin Mudraayen Sahaya, Shiv Swaroop : Prachin Bhartiya Sikke Whitehead, R.B. : Indo-Greek Coins Chakraborty, S.K. : A Study of ancient Indian Numismatics Maity, S.K. : Early Indian Coins and Currency System Bajpai, K.D. : Indian Numismatic, Studies Dasgupta, K.K. : A Tribal History of Ancient India Sharan, M.K. : Tribal Coins-A Study Gupta, Parmeshwari Lal : Bharat Ke Poorvakalik Sikke

3 L T P C 4 0 0 4 AIH C 422 Ancient Indian Inscriptions

Historical and Cultural study of the following inscriptions - I 1. Besnagar Garuda Pillar inscription of Heliodorus 2. Bajaur relic casket inscription of Menander 3. Nasik inscription of Gautami Balasri

II 1. Hathigumpha inscription of Kharavela 2. Junagarh rock inscription of Rudradaman – I 3. Saranatha inscription of Kanishka - I

III 1. Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudragupta. 2. Sanchi inscription of Chandragupta – II 3 Mandsaur pillar inscription of Kumaragupta – I and Bandhuvarman

IV 1. Bhitari inscription of Skandagupta. 2. Eran Garuda pillar inscription of the time of Budhagupta. 3 Poona copper plate inscription of Prabhavatigupta.

V 1. Banskhera plate of Harsha. 2. Aihole inscription of Pulkesin – II 3. Khajuraho inscription of Yashovarman and Dhanga.

4 Books Recommended : Sircar, D.C. : Select Inscriptions bearing on Indian History and Civilization, Vol. I and II. Rajabali Pandeya : Ashoka ke Abhilekh Corpus inscriptionum Indicarum - Vol. I. Hultzsch, E. : Inscriptions of Ashoka. Vol. II. Konow, Sten : Kharoshthi Inscriptions Vol. III. Fleet, J.F. : Inscriptions of the Early Gupta Kings and their Successors.

Vol. IV. Part I & II, : Inscriptions of the Kalacluri Chedi - Era Mirashi, V.V. Vol. V. Mirashi, V.V. : Inscription of the Vakatakas Vol. VI. Trivedi, H.V. : Inscriptions of the Parmaras, Charndellas, Kachchhapaghatas and other minor dynasties. Ojha, G.H. : Bhartiya Prachin Lipimala Buhler, J. : Indian Palaeography Pandey, R.B. : Indian Palaeography, Vol. 1 Sircar, D.C. : Indian Epigraphy Sircar, D.C. : Indian Epigraphical Glossary Sivarama Murti : Indian Palaeography and South Indian inscriptions Mahalingam, T.V. : Early South Indian Palaeography Sharma, T.P. : The Palaeography of Brahmi Script. Bajpai, K.D., Agrawal, K.L. : Aitihasik Bhartiya Abhilekh Bajpai Santosh Kumar Upadhyaya, Vasudeo : Prachin Bhartiya Abhilekhon Ka Adhyayan Sahaya, Shiv Swaroop : Bhartiya Puralekhon ka Adhyayan. Bajpai, Santosh Kumar : Abhilekhshastra evam Mudrashastra ke Mula tatva Gupta, Parameshwarilal : Prachin Bharat Ke Pramukh Abhilekh, Part 1 and 2 Basak, R.G. : Ashokan Inscriptions Barua, B.M. : Inscriptions of Ashoka Goyal, Sriram : Prachin Bhartiya Abhilekh Sangrah

5 L T P C

AIH C 423 Methods of Dating, Documentation and 4 0 0 4 Conservation in Archaeology

I Chronology and dating methods : Stratigraphy, Methods of relative and absolute dating.

II Pottery and Pottery Yard, Technology of Pre historic Art, Site Formation Processes.

III Documentation and Reconstruction of Past Life-ways: Social and Economic Organisation, Settlement Pattern

IV Conservation and Preservation: Chemical treatment of Organic and Inorganic material, Conservation of Cultural Property, Preservation of Excavated structures.

V Archaeology and the Public : Threats to archaeological sites, Legislative basis of conservation and protection of heritage, archaeology and public awareness.

6 Books Recommended :

Sankalia, H.D. : Indian Archaeology Today flag iq:"kksRre % izkphu Hkkjr esa laLd`fr dk m"k%dky

Wheeler, R.E.M. : Archaeology from the earth Lal, B.B. : Archaeology since Independence Kenyon K.M. Beginnings in Archaeology Zeuner, R.F. : Dating the Past Wooley, L. : Digging up the Past Plinder Leith : The Preservation of Antiquties Crow Ford, O.G.S. : Archaeology in the Field Paddayya, K. : New Archaeology and its Aftermath Chakraborti D.K. : A history of Indian Archaeology Gairola, V. : Chemical Treatment of Antiquities Allchin, B. and R. : The Birth of Indian civilization Hemmond, Philip. C, : Archaeological Techniques for Amatures. Clark, Grahame : Archaeology and Society Rao, S.R. : Marine Archaeology of Indian ocean countries. Colline' S : Field guide to Archaeology Webster, G. : Field Archaeology S.J. De Laet. : Archaeology in the field Agrawal D.P. and : Dating the human past Yadav M.D. Mishra F. : Researches in Archaeology and Conservation Gordon Childe : Piecing together the Past Pertic : Methods and Aims in Archaeology Archaeological Survey : Indian Archaeology A Review. of India Atkinson, R.J.C. : Field Archaeology, London 1952. Binford, L.R. : An Archaeological Perspective. London 1972 Brill, Robert H.(ed) : Science and Archaeology Cambridge 1971. Brothwell, D.R. & S.E. : Science in Archaeology, London, 1969 Higgs (eds) Chang, K.C. : Settlement Archaeology, Palo Alto, Caligo, 1968 Clark, David : Analytical Archaeology, London. 1968 Daniel, G.A. : Hundred Years of Archaeology, London 1950 Daniel, G. : The Origin and Growth of Archaeology, London 1967 Piggott, S. : Approach to Archaeology, New-York, 1965

7 Sankalia, H.D. : New Archaeology Its Scope and application in India. Lucknow, 1977.

Srivastava, K.M. : New Era of Indian Archaeology, New Delhi, 1982 Yellen, John. : Archaeological Approaches to the present, New York 1977 Fkify;ky] fdj.k : iqjkrRo izosf'kdk dqekj pkScs] jes'k : iqjkrkfRod ekuo foKku 'kqDy] txnh'k : Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo izlkn vks>k] Jhd`".k : Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo feJ] fot; dkar : {ks= iqjkrRo ik.Ms;] t;ukjk;.k : iqjkrRo foe'kZ ik.Ms;] jkds'k : Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo izdk'k oktis;h] ds-Mh- : e/;izns'k dk iqjkrRo flag] enueksgu : iqjkrRo dh :ijs[kk iqjh] cStukFk : iqjkrRo foKku

8 L T P C

AIH E 424 History of Ancient Indian Architecture – II 3 0 0 3

I Development of Rock-cut architecture : Ajanta, Ellora, Bedsa and Kanheri

II Development of temple architecture : Gupta temples, Khajuraho group of temples.

III Development of temple architecture : Temples of Orisa, Temples of Rajasthan.

IV Development of temple architecture : Chalukyan temples, Pallava temples.

V Development of temple architecture : Chola temples, Pandya temples

9 Books Recommended : Coomarswamy, A.K. : Early Indian Architecture. Rowland, Benjamin : The Art and Architecture of India Fergusson, J. : History of Indian and Eastern Architecture Cousens, H. : Chalukyan Architecture Brown, Percy : Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu Period) Dev, Krishna : Temples of Northern India. Sarkar, H. : Studies in Early Buddhist Architecture of India Agrawala, P.K. : Gupta Architecture Acharya, P.K. : Encyclopedia of Indian Architecture Dev, Krishna and : Encyclopedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Vols. 1 to 4 Dhaki, M.A. Kramrish, Stella : Hindu Temples (2 Vols.) Burgess, J. : The Buddhist Stupas of Amaravati and Jaggayapetta Long hurst : Nagariuni Konda. Dutta, B.B. : Town Planning in Ancient India Ganguly, O.C. : Indian Architecture Standtner, D.A. : Orissan Temple Dahejiya, Vidya : Stone Temples of Orissa Ali, Rehman : Art and Architecture of the Kalachuris. Trivedi, R.D. : Temples of the Pratiharas Sri Nivason, K.R. : Temples of South India. Bhoja : Samarangana Sutradhara Dev, Krishna : Uttar Bharat ke Mandir Shri Nivason, K.R. : Dakshin Bharat ke mandir Bajpai, K.D. : Bharatiya Vastukala ka Itihasa Uppadhayaya, Vasudeo : Prachin Bhartiya Stupa, Guha evam Mandir Gupt, Parmeshwari Lal : Bhartiya Vastukala Mishra, Ratan Lal : Smarkon ka Itihasa Rai, Udai Narayan : Prachin Bharat Mein Nagar tatha Nagar Jiwan Shukla, D.N. : Prasad Nivesh

10 L T P C

Archaeological Cultures and Sequences II (Early 3 0 0 3 AIH E 425 Harappan Culture to 12th cent. A.D.)

I. Bronze Age Culture

A. Harppan Culture.

II. Chalcolithic Cultures

A. Copper Hoards, Ocher Colored Pottery, B. Chalcolithic village communities, (Rajasthan, Central India and Maharashtra)

III. Iron Age Culture A. Beginning of Iron in India B. Painted Grey Ware Cultures.

IV. Iron Age Cultures A. Megalithic Culture. B. Northern Black Polished Ware.

V. Excavated sites in India

Kalibanga, Taxila, Ahichchhatra, Arikamedu, Kausambi, Eran & Tripuri

11 Recommended Books : Agrawal, D.P. : Archaeology of India, New Delhi, 1984 Agrawal, D.P. & J.S. Kharkwal, : Bronze and Iron Ages in South Asia, New Delhi, 2003 Agrawal, D.P. & J.S. Kharkwal, : South Asian Prehistory, New Delhi, 2002 Allchin, B. & F.R. : The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan, Delhi 1983 Ghosh, A. : The City in Early Historical India, Shimla 1973 Lal, B.B. and S.P. Gupta (eds) : Frontiers of the Indus Civilization, Delhi 1994 Agrawal, D.P. & Chakrabarti, : Essays in Indian Protohistory, Delhi 1979 D.K. (eds) Allchin, F.R. : The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia : Emergence of City and States, Cambridge, 1995 Asthana, Shashi, : Pre-Harappan Cultuers of India and the Borderlands, New Delhi, 1985. Chakrabarty, D.K. : The Early use of Iron in India, Oxford University Press 1992 Dhavalikar, M.K., H.D. Sankalia and Z.D. Ansari, Excavations at Inamgaon, Pune, 1988 Dhavalikar, M.K., : Indian Proto-history, New Delhi, 1997 Gaur, R.C. (ed) : Painted Grey Ware, Publication Scheme, Jaipur, 1994 Vols. 1 & 2 ICHR, New Delhi 1989 Lal, B.B. : The Earliest Civilization of South Asia, New Delhi, 1997 Marshall, J. : Mohenjo-daro and the Indus Civilisation, Delhi-Varanasi, 1983 Possehl, Gregory (ed.) : Ancient Cities of the Indus, Delhi, 1997. Possehl, Gregory (ed.) : Harappan Civilization, Delhi, 1982 Sankalia, H.D., et al. : Chalcolithic Navdatoli, Pune, 1971 Sharma, G.R. : The Excavations at Kausambi (1949-50) Delhi, 1969 Sinha, B.P. & S.P. Roy. : Vaishali Excavations (1958-62) Patna 1969. Tripathi, Vibha. : The Age of Iron in south Asia : Legacy and Tradition, Delhi 2001 Tripathi, Vibha. : The Painted Grey Ware and Iron Age Culture of Northern India. Delhi, 1976 Prehistory : Definition, scope, terminology and Periodisaton. Tripathi, Vibha, : Quaternary Period : Position of Perhistory in geological chronology, climatic conditions Tripathi, Vibha, : Prehistoric sites : Type and Nature of sites, Landscape configuration, primary and secondary sites. Bhattacharya, D.K. : Old Stone Age Tools, Calcutta, 1979 Bordes, F. : The Old stone Age, London 1968 Gamble, C. : Palaeolithic Settlement of Europe, Cambridge. 1986 Ghosh, A (Ed) : An Encyclopedia of Indian Archaeology, Vols. I & II (Relevant Portions), New Delhi, 1989 Jayaswal, V. : "Stone Age Technologies in India". History of Technology in India. Vol. I, New Delhi 1997 Pant, P.C. : Prehistoric Uttar Pradesh, Delhi 1982 Sankalia, H.D. : Stone Tools : Their Technique & functions, Poona, 1982 Sharma, G.R. & J.D. Clark (ed.) : Palaeo environments and Prehistory in the Middle Son Valley, Allahabad, 1983 Sharma, G.R. et al. : From Hunting and Food Gathering to Domestication of Plants and Animals, Beginnings of Agriculture, Allahabad. 1980 12 Terra H. De & T.T. Paterson, : The Studies on the Ice-Age in India & Associated Human Cultures. Washington, 1939 Thapar, B.K. : Recent Archaeological Discoveries in India. Unesco, 1985 Bernal, J.D. : Science in History, London 1969 Bose, D.M. et al. : Concise History of Science in India. INSA, New Delhi, 1971 Chattopadhyaya, D. : Studies in the History of Science in India. Vol I & II, New Delhi 1982 Chowdhary, K.A. et al. : Ancient Indian Agriculture and Forestry in Northern India. Bombay, 1977 Forbes, R. J. : Studies in Ancient Technology, Vol I to IX. Leiden, 1976 Gopal, L. : Aspects of History of Agriculture in Ancient India, Varanasi, 1980 Lal. A. : Prachin Bharat Mein Krishi. Varanasi, 1980 Mule, Gunakar, : Bhartiya Vigyan Ka Brihad Itihas, Delhi, 1993 Prakash, S. : Founders of Science in Ancient India. New Delhi, 1965 Prasad, G. : History of Indian Jyotish, Lucknow, 1956 Randhawa, M.S. : A History of Agriculture in India. New Delhi, 1980 Sharma, V.L. : Antararashtriya Pariprekshya Men Prachin Bharatiya Vigyan, New Delhi, 1990 Butyer, K. : Environment & Archaeology. Zeumer, F.E. : Pleistocene Period Relevant articles of Puratattva, Man & Environment, Pragdhara and Ancient India.

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13 L T P C

AIH E 426 History of Ancient Indian Art -II 3 0 0 3

I Kushana Art, Gupta Art

II Bagh Paintings, Ajanta paintings, Ellora Paintings

III Chandella, Kalachuri and Paramara Art.

IV Pallava , Chola and Orissan Art V Indian Terracottas

14 Books Recommended:

Rao, T.A. Gopinath : Elements of Hindu Iconography (4 Volumes) Sivarama Murty, C. : Amravati Sculptures in the Madras Museum. Ramachandran, T.N. : Nagarjuni Konda Krishna, Anand : Malwa Paintings Mehta, N.C. : Studies in Indian Paintings Singh, S.B. : Brahmanical Icons in Northern India Devi Through the Ages Marshall and Garle : The Bagh Caves Ray, N.R. : Maurya and Sunga Art Rowland, B. : Art and Architecture of India. Wakankar and Brooks : Stone Age Paintings in India Bajpai, K.D. : Five Phases of Indian Art. Kramrish, Stella : Indian Sculpture Marshall, J. : Monuments of Sanchi Agrawal, Urmila : Khajuraho Barua, B.M. : Bharhut (3 Vols.) Ganguly, O.C. : South Indian Bronzes Rosenfield, M. : Dynastic Art of the Kushanas Banerji, R.D. : Haihayas of Tripuri and their Monuments Desai, Kalpana : Iconography of Visnu Sastri, Ajay Mitra : Ajanta (Hindi) Khare, Maheshwari Dayal : Bagh (Hindi) Vidisha (Hindi) Agrawal, Vasudeo Sharan : Bhartiya Kala (Hindi) Mishra, Ramanath : Bhartiya Murtikala (Hindi) Bharhut (Hindi) Bajpai, Krishna Dutt : Mathura (Hindi) Awasthi, Ramashrya : Khajuraho Ki Dev Pratimayen (Hindi) Jha, Vivek Dutt : Bastar Ka Murti Shilpa (Hindi) Thakur, Vishu Singh : Rajim (Hindi) Agrawal, Kanhaiya Lal : Khajuraho (Hindi) Tiwari, Maruti Nandan Prasad : Jaina Pratima Vigyan (Hindi) Joshi, Neelkantha Purusottam : Mathura ki Murti kala (Hindi) Upadhayay, Vasudeo : Prachin Bhartiya Murti Vigyan (Hindi) Mishra, Indumati : Pratima Vigyan (Hindi) 15 Bajpai, Santosh Kumar : Gupt kalin Murtikala Ka (Hindi) Saundryatmaka Adhyayan Gupt, Jagdish : Pragaitihasik Bhartiya Chitrakala (Hindi) Gairola, Vachaspati : Bhartiya Chitrakala (Hindi)

16 L T P C AIH E 427 Indian Culture : A Perspective for 3 0 0 3 Tourism I. Culture : Definition and Components

II. Indian Culture : Basic Characteristics

III. A brief outline of cultural development in different historical periods : Harappan age, Vedic age, Buddhist age, Mauryan age

IV. A brief outline of cultural development in different historical periods : Gupta age and Early Medieval age.

V Cultural heritage and tourism : Tourist's attraction towards Indian Culture, Conservation of culture and cultural heritage.

17 Books Recommended:

Chatterji, Suniti Kumar and Bhikhan Lal Atreya – Indian Culture Indian Culture : Tradition & continuity, Dept. of Culture, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Govt. of India, 2002. Pandey, G.C. – Foundations of Indian Culture, Motilal Banarasidas, New Delhi, 1984 Cakravorly, B. – Indian Culture, Reliance Pub. House, Delhi, 1999. Singh, K.S. – People of India : An introduction, Calcutta, 1992. Puri, Chopara and Das, Cultural History of India. Banerjee, J.N. – The development of Hindu Iconography. Khan, Hamayan – Indian Heritage Brawen, Percy – Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu period) Brawen, Percy – India Architecture (Islamic period) Ragini Devi – Dance Dialects of India. Saraswathi, S. – Indian Sculpture Sivaramamoorthy, C. – Indian painting Sunith V.A. – History of fine art in India and Cylon Basham, A.L.: The wonder that was India Majumdar R.C.: H.C. Roychoudhary and K.K. Dutta, An advanced History of India, 3 Vol. Shastri, K.A.N.: A history of South India Pannikar, K.M.: A survey of Indian History Krishnadeva : Temples of North India. Shrinivasan, K.R.: Temples of South India Swarup, P.S.: Arts and Crafts of India. Harle, J.C.: The Art and Architecture of Indian sub-continent. Hussain, A.A. : The National Culture of India Mukerjee, R.K.: The Culture and Art of India. Verma, R.C.: Indian Tribes through the ages. Ghosh, G.K.: Tribals and their culture.

18 L T P C AIH E 428 Ancient Indian Jain and Buddhist 3 0 0 3 Iconography

1. Origin and Development of Jain and Buddhist Image-Worship.

2. Elements of Jain Iconography.

3. Iconography of Teerthankars.

4. Elements of Buddhist Iconography.

5. Iconography of Buddha.

19 Books Recommended : Tiwari, Marutinandan, – Elements of Jain Iconography. Bhattacharya, B.C. – Jain Iconography. tSu] ckypan & tSu izfrek foKku frokjh] ek:fruanu & tSu izfrek foKku Benjamin, Rowland: Evolution of Buddha Image. Bhattacharya, B.C.-Indian Buddhist Iconography. Chandra, Lokesh : Buddhist Iconography. Gupta, Ramesh Chandra : Iconography of Hindu, Buddhist and Jains. ;kno] :ny izlkn : izkphu Hkkjrh; izfrek 'kkL=

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