Biology Final Exam Review - 2014

Answer all of these questions. Make sure that you understand ALL of the concepts and ALL of the vocabulary words for the chapters that we have covered – go back and review your Independent Work. Also, make sure that you review ALL of the labs that we have competed this semester.

1. Viruses  Describe the structure and life cycle of virus  What is the difference between the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle?  Discuss the functions of the parts on a bacteriophage  What is the difference between antibiotics and vaccines?  Discuss why the HIV virus mutates so rapidly.  Describe how viruses can spread so quickly through a population.

2. Evolution  Describe the theories of Darwin (natural selection, etc.)  Discuss the difference between analogous, homologous, vestigial structures, and embryology.  Compare natural selection and survival of the fittest.  Discuss the difference between natural and artificial selection  Discuss how you can use comparative anatomy when studying evolution?

3. Classification and Kingdoms  Describe the basic characteristics of each kingdom: eukaryote/prokaryote, autotroph/heterotroph, cell wall/no cell wall, etc.  What is a dichotomous Key? Describe how you use one?  What is a phylogenetic tree? Describe how you read one?

4. Organ Systems  List the human body systems, their functions, and the labs that we conducted (Joint Scavenger Hunt, Skeletal Comparative Lab, Nervous System, Digestion Lab, etc.)  How do body systems work together to maintain homeostasis?

5. Plants (This is also your review for the Plant and Ecology Chapter Test.)  What are vascular tissues? How are they used to aid photosynthesis and cellular respiration?  What are the different tropisms (photo-, gravi-, and thigma-)? Know positive and negative.  What is a guard cell and stoma? What is their importance in gas exchange and water loss?  Activities to know (Seed Design Lab and Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Poster)

6. Ecology and Populations (This is also your review for the Plant and Ecology Chapter Test.)  Describe the carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle. Which are typically the most limiting cycle? How are these cycles important to living organisms?  Can matter be recycled? Can energy be recycled? Why or why not?  In what direction does energy flow in an ecosystem? How much energy is lost in each transfer?  What are the parts of a food web starting with the sun?  What happens to a population if one part of the food web is altered? For example: what happens if one part of a food web becomes extinct.  Describe the relationship between the predator and prey? What happens to the populations?  What is an autotroph, producer, heterotroph, and consumer?  What are limiting factors? How do they relate to carrying capacity? Discuss why biodiversity is so important in relation to limiting factors and carrying capacity. (think about the white-tail deer)  What are the levels of organization from an atom to the biosphere?  How are plants and animals adapted to various biomes? Be specific!  Describe the differences between primary and secondary succession?  Activities to know and understand (Food Web Activity, Ecology Scavenger Hunt, and Understanding the Greenhouse Gases)