• Abstract and Figures
• Public Full-text

1 Samhouri and others A1 2 1FOR ONLINE PUBLICATION ONLY

2Appendix. Spearman Rank Correlations for All Attribute-Indicator Combinations, Lists of Target

3Groups for Individual Fishing Fleets, and Lists of Functional Groups in Attribute and Indicator

4Groupings in Each of the 7 Ecopath with Ecosim Models 3 Samhouri and others A2 4

5Table A1. Median Absolute Values of Spearman Rank Correlations ( rs ) Between Attributes (Rows) and Indicators (Columns)

6Across the 7 Ecopath with Ecosim models

7 I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s T r o p h i c l e v e l o f t h e M a r i n e m a m m a l s S e a b i r d s J e l l y f i s h Z o o p l a n k t o n P h y t o p l a n k t o n T o t a l c a t c h c a t c h P a t h l e n g t h 0 . 3 7 0 . 2 8 0 . 5 9 0 . 3 0 0 . 7 2 0 . 6 3 0 . 1 1 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 4 0 0 . 4 6 0 . 5 6 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 5 0 . 3 7 0 . 3 6 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 2 3 0 . 1 3 0 . 6 2 0 . 6 3 0 . 8 7 0 . 4 6 0 . 5 6 T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 4 0 0 . 2 8 0 . 3 3 0 . 3 7 0 . 3 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 4 4 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n 0 . 2 7 0 . 3 5 0 . 8 1 0 . 3 1 0 . 7 2 0 . 4 5 0 . 5 1 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 5 5 0 . 3 3 0 . 6 7 0 . 9 1 1 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 5 5 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 4 1 0 . 4 2 0 . 6 9 0 . 7 8 0 . 9 8 0 . 4 0 0 . 2 9 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 4 9 0 . 3 8 0 . 8 0 0 . 5 8 0 . 6 6 0 . 4 1 0 . 5 2 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 1 4 0 . 1 5 0 . 4 4 0 . 3 7 0 . 6 0 0 . 4 9 0 . 5 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 5 6 0 . 3 3 0 . 1 0 0 . 3 9 0 . 1 4 0 . 2 0 0 . 4 1 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 5 5 0 . 2 7 0 . 1 1 0 . 4 0 0 . 2 5 0 . 2 6 0 . 4 3 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s 0 . 6 4 0 . 4 8 0 . 5 4 0 . 4 5 0 . 4 6 0 . 2 8 0 . 5 9 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 3 5 0 . 4 8 0 . 4 0 0 . 5 7 0 . 3 8 0 . 3 7 0 . 5 0 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 2 0 0 . 3 0 0 . 2 7 0 . 2 2 0 . 3 4 0 . 3 2 0 . 3 7 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 4 1 0 . 2 4 0 . 4 6 0 . 4 6 0 . 5 7 0 . 3 8 0 . 3 2 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 2 5 0 . 2 0 0 . 3 6 0 . 2 9 0 . 3 7 0 . 3 8 0 . 2 8 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 4 4 0 . 4 4 0 . 3 2 0 . 5 3 0 . 5 2 0 . 1 8 0 . 3 2 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m 0 . 6 5 0 . 4 2 0 . 3 1 0 . 3 3 0 . 5 3 0 . 4 2 0 . 4 0 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 4 1 0 . 3 1 0 . 6 3 0 . 3 1 0 . 1 4 0 . 1 5 0 . 3 5 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 4 3 0 . 4 5 0 . 6 4 0 . 4 3 0 . 4 6 0 . 4 9 0 . 3 7 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 7 6 0 . 3 9 0 . 5 3 0 . 6 0 0 . 5 0 0 . 2 2 0 . 5 6 8 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l 0 . 6 5 0 . 4 9 0 . 3 4 0 . 4 4 0 . 3 3 0 . 2 0 0 . 5 9 5 Samhouri and others A3 6 9Table A1. (cont.) 10 I n d i c a t o r s P r o p o r t i o n o f A t t r i b u t e s S l o p e o f l o g ( b i o m a s s ) n o n c o m m e r c i a l v s . t r o p h i c l e v e l s p e c i e s P i s c . f i s h Z o o p l . f i s h F o r a g e f i s h R o u n d f i s h I n v e r t i v o r e P a t h l e n g t h 0 . 3 3 0 . 5 2 0 . 4 6 0 . 3 0 0 . 3 2 0 . 3 1 0 . 3 8 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 5 3 0 . 6 6 0 . 3 0 0 . 3 3 0 . 5 7 0 . 4 6 0 . 4 6 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 2 8 0 . 5 2 0 . 2 4 0 . 4 5 0 . 6 3 0 . 4 3 0 . 4 7 T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 5 4 0 . 3 7 0 . 6 7 0 . 7 6 0 . 0 7 0 . 6 6 0 . 5 7 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n 0 . 3 3 0 . 6 1 0 . 3 6 0 . 3 4 0 . 4 9 0 . 4 1 0 . 4 7 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 2 9 0 . 6 1 0 . 1 9 0 . 5 5 0 . 8 3 0 . 3 4 0 . 1 5 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 2 6 0 . 5 4 0 . 1 8 0 . 4 8 0 . 8 1 0 . 2 2 0 . 2 6 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 3 5 0 . 6 7 0 . 2 9 0 . 4 7 0 . 5 5 0 . 3 4 0 . 5 0 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 4 8 0 . 3 9 0 . 4 9 0 . 4 6 0 . 4 8 0 . 3 0 0 . 2 1 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 5 2 0 . 2 1 0 . 6 0 0 . 7 5 0 . 1 2 0 . 6 6 0 . 3 3 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 4 5 0 . 3 3 0 . 5 4 0 . 7 5 0 . 1 0 0 . 6 5 0 . 3 6 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s 0 . 5 7 0 . 9 6 0 . 5 5 0 . 8 1 0 . 7 5 0 . 5 4 0 . 6 1 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 2 5 0 . 3 7 0 . 2 2 0 . 5 4 0 . 2 9 0 . 2 3 0 . 4 2 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 5 2 0 . 4 3 0 . 4 4 0 . 2 1 0 . 3 0 0 . 3 9 0 . 3 1 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 1 5 0 . 4 6 0 . 0 1 0 . 3 9 0 . 4 6 0 . 2 4 0 . 4 7 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 4 9 0 . 4 7 0 . 2 2 0 . 1 1 0 . 2 2 0 . 3 7 0 . 5 6 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 3 9 0 . 4 0 0 . 4 6 0 . 4 0 0 . 4 5 0 . 5 3 0 . 4 9 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m 0 . 7 5 0 . 8 5 0 . 4 5 0 . 6 9 0 . 5 9 0 . 5 4 0 . 4 8 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 5 4 0 . 3 2 0 . 2 8 0 . 1 3 0 . 2 9 0 . 3 1 0 . 4 7 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 7 7 0 . 7 6 0 . 7 2 0 . 4 0 0 . 4 6 0 . 7 0 0 . 5 9 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 4 2 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 1 0 . 6 5 0 . 4 6 0 . 6 8 0 . 2 9 11 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l 0 . 4 0 0 . 6 5 0 . 4 3 0 . 7 7 0 . 4 2 0 . 5 8 0 . 5 0 12 7 Samhouri and others A4 8 13Table A1. (cont.) 14 I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s B e n t h i c H e r b i v o r e D e t r i t i v o r e P e l a g i c f i s h D e m e r s a l f i s h R o c k f i s h F l a t f i s h i n v e r t e b r a t e s P a t h l e n g t h 0 . 5 2 0 . 8 1 0 . 5 4 0 . 2 8 0 . 6 4 0 . 5 2 0 . 7 4 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 7 0 0 . 6 4 0 . 4 0 0 . 5 6 0 . 5 0 0 . 4 5 0 . 6 1 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 7 8 0 . 6 5 0 . 4 5 0 . 6 0 0 . 4 9 0 . 6 3 0 . 5 3 T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 4 1 0 . 5 4 0 . 5 6 0 . 6 7 0 . 4 8 0 . 5 5 0 . 5 3 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n 0 . 7 1 0 . 7 2 0 . 2 5 0 . 3 3 0 . 4 2 0 . 5 9 0 . 5 5 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 9 0 0 . 7 3 0 . 7 4 0 . 2 9 0 . 5 5 0 . 5 9 0 . 4 9 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 7 4 0 . 7 8 0 . 6 8 0 . 2 3 0 . 4 2 0 . 6 1 0 . 3 1 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 7 0 0 . 7 5 0 . 5 1 0 . 2 8 0 . 4 9 0 . 6 0 0 . 7 5 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 3 8 0 . 6 3 0 . 4 8 0 . 3 0 0 . 4 6 0 . 2 3 0 . 5 6 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 4 4 0 . 3 1 0 . 3 7 0 . 6 6 0 . 4 3 0 . 4 7 0 . 4 0 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 4 1 0 . 2 6 0 . 2 4 0 . 7 7 0 . 4 0 0 . 3 9 0 . 3 3 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s 0 . 4 6 0 . 5 4 0 . 7 3 0 . 4 0 0 . 5 5 0 . 4 6 0 . 5 7 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 3 3 0 . 6 5 0 . 3 7 0 . 4 8 0 . 4 8 0 . 7 5 0 . 6 6 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 2 3 0 . 2 2 0 . 2 4 0 . 2 3 0 . 6 4 0 . 2 7 0 . 1 7 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 1 3 0 . 4 9 0 . 4 2 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 4 0 . 5 1 0 . 4 9 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 2 9 0 . 6 1 0 . 2 8 0 . 3 6 0 . 6 0 0 . 6 0 0 . 6 5 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 6 5 0 . 5 1 0 . 3 7 0 . 4 0 0 . 4 4 0 . 4 5 0 . 4 1 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m 0 . 3 5 0 . 4 0 0 . 6 2 0 . 6 0 0 . 7 1 0 . 4 0 0 . 5 3 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 3 2 0 . 1 4 0 . 2 3 0 . 2 8 0 . 4 5 0 . 4 0 0 . 3 9 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 5 0 0 . 5 7 0 . 4 1 0 . 6 2 0 . 7 3 0 . 5 4 0 . 4 6 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 6 1 0 . 5 6 0 . 6 0 0 . 5 1 0 . 5 3 0 . 4 5 0 . 4 2 15 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l 0 . 4 3 0 . 3 7 0 . 5 5 0 . 8 2 0 . 4 9 0 . 6 5 0 . 3 8 16 9 Samhouri and others A5 10 17Table A1. (cont.) 18 I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s Z o o p l a n k t o n / I n v e r t i v o r e / F o r a g e f i s h / P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h / P e l a g i c f i s h / R o c k f i s h / P h y t o p l a n k t o n H e r b i v o r e J e l l y f i s h Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h D e m e r s a l f i s h F l a t f i s h P a t h l e n g t h 0 . 3 2 0 . 3 0 0 . 5 8 0 . 5 9 0 . 6 7 0 . 7 4 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 6 4 0 . 4 7 0 . 5 5 0 . 4 2 0 . 6 6 0 . 4 9 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 6 2 0 . 4 2 0 . 5 0 0 . 1 4 0 . 6 0 0 . 2 8 T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 4 1 0 . 5 7 0 . 3 6 0 . 7 0 0 . 3 7 0 . 4 9 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n 0 . 1 5 0 . 4 6 0 . 4 1 0 . 4 2 0 . 5 6 0 . 4 5 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 9 5 0 . 2 4 0 . 6 5 0 . 4 0 0 . 6 3 0 . 5 1 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 8 3 0 . 3 5 0 . 5 3 0 . 3 6 0 . 5 3 0 . 5 2 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 6 1 0 . 4 8 0 . 4 5 0 . 5 2 0 . 2 5 0 . 5 4 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 4 3 0 . 2 3 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 1 0 . 5 7 0 . 4 8 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 3 5 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 8 0 . 6 4 0 . 4 8 0 . 4 3 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 4 0 0 . 3 4 0 . 1 1 0 . 5 9 0 . 3 8 0 . 3 8 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s 0 . 4 5 0 . 5 7 0 . 6 2 0 . 4 5 0 . 4 6 0 . 4 2 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 5 6 0 . 4 1 0 . 2 9 0 . 2 6 0 . 3 6 0 . 4 7 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 2 7 0 . 2 9 0 . 2 8 0 . 4 9 0 . 2 3 0 . 5 0 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 4 5 0 . 4 3 0 . 4 6 0 . 0 7 0 . 5 2 0 . 1 9 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 3 3 0 . 5 6 0 . 1 2 0 . 5 6 0 . 0 7 0 . 6 6 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 4 4 0 . 4 8 0 . 4 5 0 . 3 5 0 . 2 7 0 . 3 7 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m 0 . 3 2 0 . 5 7 0 . 6 9 0 . 4 3 0 . 5 9 0 . 5 3 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 2 4 0 . 5 2 0 . 3 3 0 . 2 5 0 . 3 5 0 . 4 8 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 3 8 0 . 5 5 0 . 6 7 0 . 5 9 0 . 5 2 0 . 7 3 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 6 0 0 . 3 6 0 . 6 4 0 . 6 3 0 . 3 8 0 . 4 7 19 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l 0 . 4 8 0 . 5 0 0 . 4 2 0 . 5 5 0 . 4 7 0 . 3 8

20Correlations for which rs  0.5 are highlighted in bold.

21 11 Samhouri and others A6 12 22 In the Aleutian Islands model, we performed press perturbations on the first nations, pot, and trawler and longline fleets

23individually. The first nations fleet targets Stellar sea lions, small mammals, and sea otters. The pot fleet targets arrowtooth flounder,

24flatfish, and epibenthic carnivores. The trawler and longline fleet targets adult Pollock, Pacific Ocean perch, rockfish, sablefish,

25Pacific cod, halibut, arrowtooth flounder, and flatfish. These functional groups, and those listed below to detail attribute and indicator

26groupings, use the naming conventions described by Guenette and others (2006) for the Aleutian Islands model.

27Target groups: toothed whales, baleen whales, Stellar sea lions (pups, juveniles, and adults), small mammals, sea otters, salmon,

28pollock (juveniles and adults), Pacific Ocean perch, rockfish, sablefish, Pacific cod, halibut, arrowtooth flounder, flatfish, epibenthic

29carnivores

30Piscivorous fish: mammal-eating sharks, arrowtooth flounder

31Zooplanktivorous fish: salmon, large pelagics, small pelagics, Atka mackerel, sandlance, herring, pollock (juveniles and adults),

32Pacific Ocean perch, sablefish, large demersals, Myctophids

33Forage fish: small pelagics, sandlance, herring

34Roundfish: pollock (juveniles and adults), Pacific Ocean perch, rockfish, sablefish, Pacific cod, small demersals, large demersals, large

35deepwater, Myctophids

36Invertivore: toothed whales, sea otters, sharks and skates, rockfish, Pacific cod, halibut, flatfish, small demersals, large deepwater,

37shrimp (half of biomass pool), epibenthic carnivores, cephalopods

38Herbivore: large zooplankton, small zooplankton 13 Samhouri and others A7 14 39Detritivore: shrimp (half of biomass pool), benthic invertebrates

40Pelagic fish: mammal-eating sharks, salmon, large pelagics, small pelagic, Atka mackerel, herring

41Demersal fish: pollock (juveniles and adults), Pacific Ocean perch, rockfish, sablefish, Pacific cod, halibut, arrowtooth flounder,

42flatfish, small demersals, large demersals, large deepwater, Myctophids

43Benthic invertebrates: shrimp, benthic invertebrates, epibenthic carnivorous 15 Samhouri and others A8 16

44Table A2. Spearman Rank Correlations ( rs ) Between Attributes (Rows) and Indicators (Columns) in the Aleutian Islands Model I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s T r o p h i c l e v e l o f t h e M a r i n e m a m m a l s S e a b i r d s J e l l y f i s h Z o o p l a n k t o n P h y t o p l a n k t o n T o t a l c a t c h c a t c h P a t h l e n g t h 0 . 2 5 0 . 1 9 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 9 3 - 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 6 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 1 8 - 0 . 1 8 - 0 . 3 2 - 0 . 8 8 - 0 . 6 0 0 . 0 6 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 2 3 - 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 3 7 - 0 . 8 7 - 0 . 5 9 - 0 . 0 2 T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 9 1 - 0 . 9 2 - 0 . 9 2 - 0 . 1 7 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 7 2 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n - 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 1 6 - 0 . 3 1 - 0 . 9 3 - 0 . 6 9 0 . 0 6 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 9 9 0 . 8 9 - 0 . 0 6 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 6 0 . 9 6 0 . 7 4 - 0 . 0 6 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 1 5 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 7 0 . 1 3 0 . 1 2 0 . 5 2 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 8 0 . 2 0 0 . 8 3 0 . 6 6 - 0 . 0 9 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 9 0 0 . 9 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 1 8 - 0 . 1 8 0 . 7 2 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 9 1 0 . 9 2 0 . 9 2 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 2 0 0 . 7 3 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s - 0 . 4 3 - 0 . 4 8 - 0 . 4 4 - 0 . 4 6 - 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 6 5 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 2 1 - 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 2 0 0 . 6 5 0 . 7 6 0 . 4 0 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 0 9 - 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 1 9 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 1 3 - 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 1 3 0 . 6 3 0 . 7 0 0 . 4 8 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 2 9 0 . 2 4 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 8 0 - 0 . 9 2 - 0 . 1 7 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 4 5 0 . 4 4 0 . 5 9 0 . 7 2 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 9 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m - 0 . 0 5 - 0 . 1 3 - 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 7 2 - 0 . 6 3 - 0 . 3 7 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 9 3 0 . 9 2 0 . 9 1 - 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 4 9 0 . 7 0 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 1 9 - 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 3 6 - 0 . 8 3 - 0 . 6 2 - 0 . 0 5 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 9 3 - 0 . 9 4 - 0 . 9 6 - 0 . 1 6 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 6 7 45 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l - 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 7 1 - 0 . 7 1 - 0 . 4 4 - 0 . 0 8 - 0 . 6 2 46 17 Samhouri and others A9 18 47Table A2 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s P r o p o r t i o n o f A t t r i b u t e s S l o p e o f l o g ( b i o m a s s ) n o n c o m m e r c i a l v s . t r o p h i c l e v e l s p e c i e s P i s c . f i s h Z o o p l . f i s h F o r a g e f i s h R o u n d f i s h I n v e r t i v o r e P a t h l e n g t h 0 . 9 3 - 0 . 6 9 - 0 . 0 8 - 0 . 0 4 0 . 3 2 0 . 5 6 0 . 3 8 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 6 1 - 0 . 4 1 0 . 2 5 0 . 3 3 0 . 6 0 0 . 4 8 0 . 4 6 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 6 3 - 0 . 4 7 0 . 3 1 0 . 3 9 0 . 6 5 0 . 5 2 0 . 5 2 T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 1 8 - 0 . 5 3 0 . 9 6 0 . 9 7 0 . 7 3 0 . 6 6 0 . 8 4 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 4 6 0 . 2 5 0 . 3 4 0 . 4 9 0 . 6 5 0 . 4 6 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 8 5 0 . 6 1 0 . 0 0 - 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 3 9 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 7 4 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 1 3 - 0 . 2 1 - 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 4 8 - 0 . 4 6 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 4 5 0 . 6 7 - 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 1 3 - 0 . 5 8 - 0 . 0 6 - 0 . 5 5 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 5 3 0 . 2 7 - 0 . 1 6 - 0 . 2 5 - 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 2 1 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 2 0 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 9 6 - 0 . 9 7 - 0 . 7 4 - 0 . 6 6 - 0 . 8 4 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 1 9 0 . 5 3 - 0 . 9 6 - 0 . 9 7 - 0 . 7 4 - 0 . 6 5 - 0 . 8 4 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s 0 . 7 1 - 0 . 9 6 0 . 5 5 0 . 5 3 0 . 7 5 0 . 6 0 0 . 9 2 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 8 0 0 . 7 6 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 8 - 0 . 3 8 - 0 . 2 3 - 0 . 4 2 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 6 7 - 0 . 6 4 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 0 0 . 5 5 0 . 2 4 0 . 4 5 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 7 9 0 . 8 2 - 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 - 0 . 4 6 - 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 5 0 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 7 5 - 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 1 1 0 . 2 3 0 . 3 7 0 . 2 5 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 4 4 0 . 3 7 - 0 . 5 1 - 0 . 5 9 - 0 . 6 6 - 0 . 6 1 - 0 . 5 8 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m 0 . 9 3 - 0 . 9 6 0 . 2 1 0 . 2 1 0 . 5 9 0 . 5 4 0 . 7 1 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 1 3 0 . 2 7 - 0 . 9 3 - 0 . 9 2 - 0 . 6 1 - 0 . 4 3 - 0 . 6 8 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 7 7 - 0 . 6 2 0 . 3 4 0 . 4 0 0 . 4 6 0 . 8 5 0 . 5 9 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 1 3 - 0 . 4 5 0 . 9 8 0 . 9 9 0 . 7 1 0 . 6 7 0 . 8 0 48 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l 0 . 5 3 - 0 . 7 8 0 . 7 6 0 . 7 7 0 . 9 0 0 . 5 8 0 . 9 8 19 Samhouri and others A10 20 49Table A2 (cont.).

I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s B e n t h i c H e r b i v o r e D e t r i t i v o r e P e l a g i c f i s h D e m e r s a l f i s h R o c k f i s h F l a t f i s h i n v e r t e b r a t e s P a t h l e n g t h 0 . 1 1 0 . 9 2 - 0 . 4 6 0 . 7 8 0 . 8 3 0 . 6 7 0 . 7 4 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 3 2 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 0 7 0 . 5 8 0 . 4 9 0 . 5 8 0 . 3 2 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 3 7 0 . 6 2 - 0 . 0 2 0 . 6 4 0 . 5 4 0 . 6 3 0 . 3 5 T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 9 2 0 . 2 2 0 . 7 9 0 . 5 5 0 . 4 0 0 . 5 8 0 . 0 8 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n - 0 . 3 1 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 1 3 0 . 6 4 0 . 5 6 0 . 5 7 0 . 3 8 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 0 0 - 0 . 8 8 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 7 3 - 0 . 7 5 - 0 . 6 5 - 0 . 6 6 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 1 6 - 0 . 7 9 0 . 2 3 - 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 6 5 - 0 . 6 7 - 0 . 5 1 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 3 8 - 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 6 5 - 0 . 5 1 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 5 8 0 . 2 3 - 0 . 4 4 - 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 3 6 - 0 . 3 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 9 1 - 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 7 7 - 0 . 5 7 - 0 . 4 1 - 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 0 9 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 9 2 - 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 7 8 - 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 5 9 - 0 . 0 8 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s - 0 . 4 4 0 . 6 9 0 . 3 2 0 . 9 2 0 . 8 9 0 . 9 1 0 . 6 4 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 7 3 0 . 3 7 - 0 . 6 4 - 0 . 8 2 - 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 9 9 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 0 7 0 . 7 0 - 0 . 1 7 0 . 6 2 0 . 7 0 0 . 6 8 0 . 6 8 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 1 3 - 0 . 7 5 0 . 2 7 - 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 8 6 - 0 . 7 5 - 0 . 9 9 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 2 2 0 . 8 0 - 0 . 5 2 0 . 5 7 0 . 7 2 0 . 5 3 0 . 8 8 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 5 9 - 0 . 4 7 - 0 . 2 1 - 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 3 8 - 0 . 5 3 - 0 . 1 4 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m - 0 . 1 1 0 . 8 9 - 0 . 0 9 0 . 9 4 1 . 0 0 0 . 9 1 0 . 8 3 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 9 - 0 . 9 3 - 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 3 4 0 . 1 9 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 3 6 0 . 7 6 - 0 . 0 4 0 . 8 1 0 . 6 9 0 . 6 3 0 . 4 1 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 9 6 0 . 1 8 0 . 8 0 0 . 5 1 0 . 3 2 0 . 5 2 - 0 . 0 1 50 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l - 0 . 7 1 0 . 5 1 0 . 5 5 0 . 8 2 0 . 7 0 0 . 8 7 0 . 3 8 21 Samhouri and others A11 22 51Table A2 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s Z o o p l a n k t o n / I n v e r t i v o r e / F o r a g e f i s h / P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h / P e l a g i c f i s h / R o c k f i s h / P h y t o p l a n k t o n H e r b i v o r e J e l l y f i s h Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h D e m e r s a l f i s h F l a t f i s h P a t h l e n g t h 0 . 2 5 0 . 3 0 - 0 . 1 0 - 0 . 9 8 0 . 8 7 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 1 8 0 . 4 7 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 6 6 0 . 5 0 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 2 3 0 . 5 3 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 6 6 0 . 5 4 T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 8 7 0 . 8 8 0 . 8 9 0 . 0 2 0 . 3 0 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n - 0 . 1 5 0 . 4 6 0 . 1 0 - 0 . 7 5 0 . 5 7 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 9 0 . 9 4 - 0 . 7 8 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 3 0 . 8 1 - 0 . 6 8 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 4 8 - 0 . 2 6 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 5 6 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 0 4 - 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 6 9 - 0 . 4 2 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 8 6 - 0 . 8 9 - 0 . 8 8 - 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 3 2 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 8 6 - 0 . 8 8 - 0 . 8 9 - 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 3 1 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s - 0 . 3 9 0 . 8 6 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 4 6 0 . 8 3 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 2 6 - 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 7 7 - 0 . 8 1 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 0 5 0 . 4 1 0 . 1 2 - 0 . 6 7 0 . 7 0 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 1 9 - 0 . 4 3 - 0 . 0 3 0 . 7 3 - 0 . 8 4 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 3 4 0 . 1 9 - 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 8 9 0 . 7 3 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 4 5 - 0 . 6 1 - 0 . 3 3 0 . 4 6 - 0 . 3 7 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m - 0 . 0 4 0 . 6 3 0 . 2 6 - 0 . 7 8 0 . 9 9 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 8 9 - 0 . 7 4 - 0 . 8 6 - 0 . 3 5 - 0 . 0 1 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 2 0 0 . 5 5 0 . 2 9 - 0 . 7 6 0 . 7 0 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 9 0 0 . 8 5 0 . 8 9 0 . 0 5 0 . 2 3 52 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l - 0 . 6 6 0 . 9 8 0 . 6 9 - 0 . 2 9 0 . 6 4

53Correlations for which rs  0.5 are highlighted in bold. 23 Samhouri and others A12 24 54 In the Baltic Sea model, we performed press perturbations on the cod trawl, herring trawl, and sprat trawl fleets individually.

55The cod trawl fleet targets juvenile and adult cod. The herring trawl fleet targets juvenile and adult herring, and juvenile cod. The

56sprat trawl fleet targets juvenile and adult sprat, and juvenile cod. These functional groups, and those listed below to detail attribute

57and indicator groupings, use the naming conventions described by Harvey and others (2003) for the Baltic Sea model.

58Target groups: sprat (juveniles and adults), herring (juveniles and adults), cod (juveniles and adults)

59Piscivorous fish: cod (juveniles and adults)

60Zooplanktivorous fish: sprat (juveniles and adults), herring (juveniles and adults)

61Forage fish: sprat (juveniles and adults), herring (juveniles and adults)

62Roundfish: cod (juveniles and adults)

63Invertivore: none

64Herbivore: mesozooplankton, pelagic macrofauana (half of biomass pool), benthic macrofauna,

65Detritivore: bacteria, benthic meiofauna

66Pelagic fish: sprat (juveniles and adults), herring (juveniles and adults)

67 Demersal fish: cod (juveniles and adults)

68Benthic invertebrates: benthic meiofauna, benthic macrofauna 25 Samhouri and others A13 26

69Table A3. Spearman Rank Correlations ( rs ) Between Attributes (Rows) and Indicators (Columns) in the Baltic Sea Model I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s T r o p h i c l e v e l o f t h e M a r i n e m a m m a l s S e a b i r d s J e l l y f i s h Z o o p l a n k t o n P h y t o p l a n k t o n T o t a l c a t c h c a t c h P a t h l e n g t h F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 9 0 . 4 7 - 0 . 4 8 T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 3 9 0 . 1 8 0 . 3 0 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 4 4 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n 0 . 2 1 0 . 0 6 - 0 . 4 9 - 0 . 4 6 0 . 5 1 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 5 7 - 0 . 7 7 1 . 0 0 0 . 5 7 - 0 . 1 5 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 6 1 - 0 . 7 8 0 . 9 9 0 . 5 8 - 0 . 1 5 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 4 7 - 0 . 2 6 - 0 . 0 5 - 0 . 4 1 0 . 7 4 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 3 7 0 . 7 7 0 . 6 3 - 0 . 4 2 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 5 9 - 0 . 3 8 - 0 . 0 6 - 0 . 0 9 0 . 3 9 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 4 8 - 0 . 2 1 - 0 . 2 5 - 0 . 2 4 0 . 4 7 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s 0 . 9 7 - 0 . 8 4 0 . 6 4 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 9 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 3 2 - 0 . 6 3 0 . 3 8 0 . 3 7 0 . 1 3 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 1 2 - 0 . 1 7 0 . 1 9 0 . 2 1 - 0 . 5 3 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 4 2 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 3 8 - 0 . 1 7 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 7 3 0 . 4 8 - 0 . 1 3 - 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 8 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m 0 . 9 8 - 0 . 7 5 0 . 5 3 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 6 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 2 8 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 0 1 0 . 3 5 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 7 5 - 0 . 4 3 0 . 1 0 - 0 . 1 9 0 . 3 7 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 3 8 - 0 . 0 3 - 0 . 2 4 0 . 5 0 70 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l 0 . 6 3 - 0 . 4 1 0 . 3 3 - 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 2 27 Samhouri and others A14 28 71Table A3 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s P r o p o r t i o n o f A t t r i b u t e s S l o p e o f l o g ( b i o m a s s ) n o n c o m m e r c i a l v s . t r o p h i c l e v e l s p e c i e s P i s c . f i s h Z o o p l . f i s h F o r a g e f i s h R o u n d f i s h I n v e r t i v o r e P a t h l e n g t h F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 3 3 0 . 2 6 - 0 . 5 5 0 . 1 6 0 . 1 6 - 0 . 5 5 T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 0 2 0 . 4 5 - 0 . 6 7 - 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 6 7 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n - 0 . 1 0 - 0 . 2 7 0 . 7 3 - 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 2 0 0 . 7 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 5 3 - 0 . 2 3 0 . 8 6 0 . 8 6 - 0 . 2 3 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 5 7 - 0 . 1 8 0 . 8 7 0 . 8 7 - 0 . 1 8 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 2 1 - 0 . 5 5 0 . 6 8 0 . 2 4 0 . 2 4 0 . 6 8 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 4 9 0 . 4 8 0 . 4 8 - 0 . 4 9 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 0 6 - 0 . 6 2 0 . 6 6 0 . 2 3 0 . 2 3 0 . 6 6 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 0 3 - 0 . 5 3 0 . 7 7 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 7 0 . 7 7 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s - 0 . 1 0 - 0 . 9 8 0 . 2 6 0 . 8 1 0 . 8 1 0 . 2 6 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 2 5 - 0 . 3 7 - 0 . 2 2 0 . 5 5 0 . 5 5 - 0 . 2 2 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 3 1 - 0 . 0 9 - 0 . 2 3 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 0 - 0 . 2 3 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 0 3 0 . 4 4 - 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 7 2 - 0 . 7 2 - 0 . 0 1 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 3 6 0 . 7 3 - 0 . 4 8 - 0 . 3 4 - 0 . 3 4 - 0 . 4 8 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m - 0 . 1 6 - 0 . 9 6 0 . 4 4 0 . 6 9 0 . 6 9 0 . 4 4 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 9 6 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 7 6 0 . 7 8 0 . 3 1 0 . 3 1 0 . 7 8 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 9 0 . 2 7 0 . 2 7 0 . 7 9 72 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l - 0 . 1 8 - 0 . 6 5 0 . 3 2 0 . 4 6 0 . 4 6 0 . 3 2 29 Samhouri and others A15 30 73Table A3 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s B e n t h i c H e r b i v o r e D e t r i t i v o r e P e l a g i c f i s h D e m e r s a l f i s h R o c k f i s h F l a t f i s h i n v e r t e b r a t e s P a t h l e n g t h F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 7 4 - 0 . 9 0 0 . 1 6 - 0 . 5 5 0 . 7 5 T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 8 8 - 0 . 8 7 - 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 6 7 0 . 9 0 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n - 0 . 8 0 0 . 9 3 - 0 . 2 0 0 . 7 3 - 0 . 8 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 3 8 0 . 8 6 - 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 8 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 0 3 - 0 . 3 3 0 . 8 7 - 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 4 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 7 8 0 . 7 5 0 . 2 4 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 7 9 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 4 7 - 0 . 7 3 0 . 4 8 - 0 . 4 9 0 . 5 1 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 9 2 0 . 8 2 0 . 2 3 0 . 6 6 - 0 . 9 2 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 9 4 0 . 9 3 0 . 0 7 0 . 7 7 - 0 . 9 5 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s - 0 . 6 3 0 . 2 9 0 . 8 1 0 . 2 6 - 0 . 5 8 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 1 0 . 5 5 - 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 2 4 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 0 5 - 0 . 1 6 0 . 1 0 - 0 . 2 3 0 . 1 0 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 8 - 0 . 7 2 - 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 5 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 7 2 - 0 . 5 5 - 0 . 3 4 - 0 . 4 8 0 . 7 0 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m - 0 . 7 2 0 . 4 1 0 . 6 9 0 . 4 4 - 0 . 6 8 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 3 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 9 4 0 . 8 1 0 . 3 1 0 . 7 8 - 0 . 9 4 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 9 9 0 . 9 0 0 . 2 7 0 . 7 9 - 0 . 9 9 74 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l - 0 . 3 8 0 . 2 6 0 . 4 6 0 . 3 2 - 0 . 3 7 31 Samhouri and others A16 32 75Table A3 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s Z o o p l a n k t o n / I n v e r t i v o r e / F o r a g e f i s h / P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h / P e l a g i c f i s h / R o c k f i s h / P h y t o p l a n k t o n H e r b i v o r e J e l l y f i s h Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h D e m e r s a l f i s h F l a t f i s h P a t h l e n g t h F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 4 5 - 0 . 4 5 T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 1 2 - 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 6 0 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n 0 . 1 2 0 . 7 1 0 . 7 1 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 8 2 - 0 . 4 1 - 0 . 4 1 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 8 3 - 0 . 3 7 - 0 . 3 7 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 2 1 0 . 5 3 0 . 5 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 4 4 - 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 5 4 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 3 4 0 . 4 9 0 . 4 9 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 1 4 0 . 6 7 0 . 6 7 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s - 0 . 8 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 6 1 - 0 . 2 6 - 0 . 2 6 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 1 9 - 0 . 2 1 - 0 . 2 1 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 5 9 0 . 1 8 0 . 1 8 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 4 4 - 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 2 8 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m - 0 . 7 3 0 . 2 0 0 . 2 0 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 3 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 3 8 0 . 5 9 0 . 5 9 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 3 2 0 . 6 2 0 . 6 2 76 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l - 0 . 3 8 0 . 1 6 0 . 1 6

77 Correlations for which rs  0.5 are highlighted in bold. 33 Samhouri and others A17 34 78 In the Northern British Columbia model, we performed press perturbations on the groundfish trawl, salmon gillnet and seine,

79other invertebrate, halibut hook and line, recreational, and sablefish fleets individually. The groundfish trawl fleet targets ratfish,

80dogfish, pollock, adult Pacific Ocean perch, inshore rockfish, adult piscivorous rockfish, adult planktivorous rockfish, adult turbot,

81adult flatfish, juvenile and adult halibut, adult Pacific cod, adult sablefish, adult lingcod, skates, and epifaunal invertebrates. The

82salmon gillnet and seine fleet targets transient salmon, coho salmon, and chinook salmon. The other invertebrate fleet targets

83epifauanal invertebrates. The halibut hook and line fleet targets inshore rockfish, juvenile and adult halibut, adult Pacific cod, and

84adult sablefish. The recreational fleet targets transient salmon, coho salmon, chinook salmon, inshore rockfish, adult piscivorous

85rockfish, juvenile and adult halibut, juvenile and adult lingcod, large crabs, commercial shrimp, and epifaunal invertebrates. The

86sablefish fleet targets adult sablefish exclusively. These functional groups, and those listed below to detail attribute and indicator

87groupings, use the naming conventions described by Ainsworth (2006) for the Northern British Columbia model.

88Target groups: transient salmon, coho salmon, chinook salmon, ratfish, dogfish, pollock, eulachon, herring (juveniles and adults),

89Pacific Ocean perch (juveniles and adults), inshore rockfish, piscivorous rockfish (juveniles and adults), planktivorous rockfish

90(juveniles and adults), turbot (juveniles and adults), flatfish (juveniles and adults), halibut (juveniles and adults), Pacific cod

91(juveniles and adults), sablefish (juveniles and adults), lingcod (juveniles and adults), skates, large crabs, commercial shrimp,

92epifaunal invertebrates

93Piscivorous fish: chinook salmon, inshore rockfish, juvenile turbot, adult Pacific cod, adult sablefish, lingcod (juveniles and adults) 35 Samhouri and others A18 36 94Zooplanktivorous fish: transient salmon, pollock (juveniles and adults), forage fish, eulachon, herring (juveniles and adults), Pacific

95Ocean perch (juveniles and adults), juvenile piscivorous rockfish, planktivorous rockfish (juveniles and adults), juvenile sablefish

96Forage fish: forage fish, eulachon, herring (juveniles and adults)

97Roundfish: ratfish, pollock (juveniles and adults), Pacific Ocean perch (juveniles and adults), inshore rockfish, piscivorous rockfish

98(juveniles and adults), planktivorous rockfish (juveniles and adults), Pacific cod (juveniles and adults), sablefish (juveniles and adults),

99lingcod (juveniles and adults), shallowwater benthic fish

100Invertivore: sea otters, Mysticetae, Odontocetae, coho salmon, ratfish, dogfish, adult piscivorous rockfish, adult turbot, flatfish

101(juveniles and adults), halibut (juveniles and adults), juvenile Pacific cod, shallowwater benthic fish, skates, large crabs, small crabs

102Herbivore: euphausiids, copepods

103Detritivore: squid, epifaunal invertebrates, infaunal carnivorous invertebrates, infaunal invertebrate detritivores, carnivorous jellyfish,

104corals and sponges

105Pelagic fish: transient salmon, coho salmon, chinook salmon, dogfish, forage fish, eulachon, herring (juveniles and adults)

106Demersal fish: ratfish, pollock (juveniles and adults), Pacific Ocean perch (juveniles and adults), inshore rockfish, piscivorous

107rockfish (juveniles and adults), planktivorous rockfish (juveniles and adults), turbot (juveniles and adults), flatfish (juveniles and

108adults), halibut (juveniles and adults), Pacific cod (juveniles and adults), sablefish (juveniles and adults), lingcod (juveniles and

109adults), shallowwater benthic fish, skates 37 Samhouri and others A19 38 110Benthic invertebrates: large crabs, small crabs, commercial shrimp, epifaunal invertebrates, infaunal carnivorous invertebrates,

111infaunal invertebrate detritivores, corals and sponges 39 Samhouri and others A20 40

112Table A4. Spearman Rank Correlations ( rs ) Between Attributes (Rows) and Indicators (Columns) in the Northern British Columbia 113Model I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s T r o p h i c l e v e l o f t h e M a r i n e m a m m a l s S e a b i r d s J e l l y f i s h Z o o p l a n k t o n P h y t o p l a n k t o n T o t a l c a t c h c a t c h P a t h l e n g t h - 0 . 7 6 - 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 0 1 0 . 7 8 - 0 . 8 1 - 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 0 6 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 2 7 - 0 . 1 3 - 0 . 1 8 - 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 5 0 . 0 8 - 0 . 2 5 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 1 0 . 2 5 0 . 3 7 - 0 . 0 7 0 . 4 6 - 0 . 5 5 T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 0 9 - 0 . 5 8 0 . 3 0 - 0 . 5 8 0 . 4 4 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n 0 . 0 4 0 . 3 0 0 . 4 9 - 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 3 6 0 . 6 5 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 7 4 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 9 1 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 - 0 . 1 0 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 7 6 0 . 3 0 - 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 9 3 0 . 9 7 - 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 7 5 0 . 5 2 0 . 0 6 - 0 . 8 1 0 . 7 5 - 0 . 0 7 0 . 2 6 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 4 4 - 0 . 4 1 0 . 5 3 0 . 1 8 - 0 . 5 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 4 0 . 4 2 - 0 . 1 4 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 5 7 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 3 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 2 6 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 4 3 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 0 6 - 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 6 5 0 . 2 1 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 3 8 - 0 . 0 6 - 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 6 3 0 . 3 5 - 0 . 3 7 0 . 4 0 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 2 1 - 0 . 3 0 0 . 3 6 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 3 4 - 0 . 3 6 0 . 2 7 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 4 5 - 0 . 0 9 - 0 . 0 6 - 0 . 7 0 0 . 5 7 - 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 5 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 2 3 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 3 6 - 0 . 5 8 0 . 4 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 2 4 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 2 5 - 0 . 2 0 0 . 3 2 0 . 2 5 - 0 . 3 3 - 0 . 2 0 0 . 1 8 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m - 0 . 4 3 - 0 . 0 9 0 . 5 9 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 6 9 - 0 . 4 9 0 . 4 5 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 3 8 - 0 . 0 8 0 . 6 3 0 . 5 1 - 0 . 6 5 - 0 . 2 8 0 . 3 5 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 0 8 0 . 6 4 0 . 3 1 - 0 . 4 6 - 0 . 6 1 0 . 3 6 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 4 2 - 0 . 0 9 0 . 5 3 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 5 9 - 0 . 3 7 0 . 1 5 114 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 5 - 0 . 0 9 - 0 . 4 1 0 . 1 3 - 0 . 5 9 0 . 5 9 41 Samhouri and others A21 42 115Table A4 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s P r o p o r t i o n o f A t t r i b u t e s S l o p e o f l o g ( b i o m a s s ) n o n c o m m e r c i a l v s . t r o p h i c l e v e l s p e c i e s P i s c . f i s h Z o o p l . f i s h F o r a g e f i s h R o u n d f i s h I n v e r t i v o r e P a t h l e n g t h 0 . 3 2 - 0 . 5 2 0 . 4 6 - 0 . 3 0 - 0 . 6 6 0 . 6 9 - 0 . 2 1 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 5 3 0 . 5 7 - 0 . 3 0 0 . 1 7 0 . 5 7 - 0 . 4 6 0 . 0 8 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 0 4 - 0 . 5 2 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 9 1 T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 8 0 . 7 6 0 . 0 7 0 . 1 0 0 . 9 2 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n 0 . 7 0 - 0 . 2 3 0 . 4 4 0 . 3 2 - 0 . 3 7 0 . 2 1 0 . 7 4 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 5 3 0 . 5 9 - 0 . 5 1 0 . 4 0 0 . 8 9 - 0 . 7 0 0 . 1 4 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 4 4 0 . 4 9 - 0 . 4 2 0 . 4 8 0 . 8 1 - 0 . 6 1 0 . 2 6 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 1 7 0 . 3 7 - 0 . 2 9 0 . 5 1 0 . 5 5 - 0 . 4 9 0 . 5 0 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 6 8 0 . 5 8 - 0 . 5 2 0 . 0 6 0 . 6 2 - 0 . 5 2 - 0 . 1 1 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 5 - 0 . 1 9 - 0 . 6 2 0 . 0 8 - 0 . 1 9 - 0 . 9 2 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 0 5 - 0 . 1 6 - 0 . 7 3 - 0 . 0 4 - 0 . 1 2 - 0 . 9 3 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s 0 . 5 7 - 0 . 6 6 0 . 6 6 0 . 6 4 - 0 . 1 8 0 . 5 3 0 . 4 0 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 1 6 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 1 0 . 6 2 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 0 9 0 . 8 6 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 6 5 - 0 . 4 3 0 . 6 8 0 . 1 6 - 0 . 3 0 0 . 5 0 0 . 0 2 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 0 7 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 1 0 . 5 6 0 . 4 5 - 0 . 1 4 0 . 3 1 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 3 6 0 . 4 7 - 0 . 5 0 0 . 2 7 0 . 3 9 - 0 . 4 6 0 . 5 6 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 4 1 - 0 . 4 4 0 . 4 5 - 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 4 1 0 . 5 2 - 0 . 0 6 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m 0 . 9 0 - 0 . 8 5 0 . 8 8 0 . 0 5 - 0 . 8 2 0 . 8 4 0 . 1 8 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 7 7 - 0 . 7 4 0 . 7 1 - 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 7 7 0 . 7 5 0 . 1 0 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 8 8 - 0 . 7 8 0 . 8 8 0 . 3 1 - 0 . 6 0 0 . 7 6 0 . 3 1 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 5 8 - 0 . 9 6 0 . 7 1 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 6 4 0 . 8 2 - 0 . 1 4 116 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l 0 . 3 2 - 0 . 0 8 0 . 1 9 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 8 0 . 9 4 43 Samhouri and others A22 44 117Table A4 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s B e n t h i c H e r b i v o r e D e t r i t i v o r e P e l a g i c f i s h D e m e r s a l f i s h R o c k f i s h F l a t f i s h i n v e r t e b r a t e s P a t h l e n g t h 0 . 7 7 - 0 . 8 1 - 0 . 7 5 0 . 1 3 0 . 6 9 - 0 . 3 7 - 0 . 6 5 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 7 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 0 9 - 0 . 5 1 0 . 2 6 0 . 6 1 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 3 9 - 0 . 3 3 - 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 8 8 - 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 8 3 - 0 . 5 9 T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 6 0 0 . 5 4 0 . 2 2 0 . 7 3 0 . 1 3 0 . 9 0 0 . 7 6 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n - 0 . 1 7 0 . 1 2 - 0 . 1 4 0 . 3 9 0 . 3 1 0 . 6 1 0 . 3 6 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 9 0 0 . 9 0 0 . 8 8 - 0 . 1 2 - 0 . 7 4 0 . 3 1 0 . 7 3 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 9 3 0 . 9 2 0 . 8 5 - 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 6 6 0 . 4 0 0 . 7 7 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 8 4 0 . 8 3 0 . 7 2 0 . 1 6 - 0 . 5 0 0 . 5 5 0 . 7 4 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 3 8 0 . 3 7 0 . 4 2 - 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 5 8 0 . 0 4 0 . 3 1 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 4 4 - 0 . 3 9 - 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 8 4 - 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 8 4 - 0 . 6 3 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 5 1 - 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 7 9 - 0 . 1 6 - 0 . 9 0 - 0 . 7 4 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s - 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 8 0 . 4 4 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 8 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 6 2 0 . 6 5 0 . 1 8 0 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 9 5 0 . 8 5 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 2 3 - 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 3 5 - 0 . 0 3 0 . 5 8 0 . 0 5 - 0 . 1 3 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 7 0 0 . 6 9 0 . 4 3 0 . 1 0 - 0 . 1 5 0 . 4 9 0 . 6 5 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 5 6 0 . 6 1 0 . 2 8 0 . 3 6 - 0 . 4 8 0 . 6 7 0 . 6 5 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 2 3 - 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 5 1 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 1 9 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m 0 . 5 1 - 0 . 5 8 - 0 . 6 2 0 . 2 2 0 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 - 0 . 3 9 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 4 7 - 0 . 5 3 - 0 . 5 7 0 . 1 7 0 . 7 9 - 0 . 0 6 - 0 . 4 1 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 2 6 - 0 . 3 6 - 0 . 4 1 0 . 1 9 0 . 7 7 0 . 1 6 - 0 . 1 7 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 5 5 - 0 . 6 6 - 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 6 0 . 7 4 - 0 . 3 3 - 0 . 6 3 118 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l - 0 . 4 3 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 6 0 . 8 2 0 . 2 3 0 . 8 5 0 . 6 2 45 Samhouri and others A23 46 119Table A4 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s Z o o p l a n k t o n / I n v e r t i v o r e / F o r a g e f i s h / P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h / P e l a g i c f i s h / R o c k f i s h / P h y t o p l a n k t o n H e r b i v o r e J e l l y f i s h Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h D e m e r s a l f i s h F l a t f i s h P a t h l e n g t h 0 . 8 1 - 0 . 2 9 - 0 . 5 8 0 . 5 9 - 0 . 4 7 0 . 6 7 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 6 4 0 . 1 7 0 . 5 5 - 0 . 4 2 0 . 4 4 - 0 . 4 8 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 3 2 - 0 . 8 8 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 4 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 1 0 T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 5 2 0 . 9 6 0 . 0 6 - 0 . 0 4 - 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 3 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n - 0 . 0 9 0 . 7 3 - 0 . 4 1 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 5 5 0 . 2 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 9 5 0 . 2 4 0 . 8 2 - 0 . 6 9 0 . 6 4 - 0 . 7 2 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 9 5 0 . 3 5 0 . 7 1 - 0 . 6 0 0 . 5 3 - 0 . 6 5 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 8 3 0 . 5 7 0 . 4 5 - 0 . 4 4 0 . 2 5 - 0 . 5 2 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 4 3 - 0 . 0 5 0 . 6 5 - 0 . 6 3 0 . 5 7 - 0 . 5 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 3 7 - 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 8 - 0 . 0 4 0 . 4 9 - 0 . 1 2 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 4 8 - 0 . 9 6 - 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 3 8 - 0 . 0 5 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s - 0 . 0 3 0 . 4 2 - 0 . 3 1 0 . 4 5 - 0 . 1 5 0 . 4 7 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 5 8 0 . 9 0 0 . 1 6 - 0 . 1 8 - 0 . 2 9 - 0 . 1 2 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 3 - 0 . 3 4 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 2 3 0 . 5 4 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 6 6 0 . 3 9 0 . 3 9 - 0 . 1 4 0 . 2 7 - 0 . 1 7 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 5 8 0 . 5 6 0 . 3 6 - 0 . 6 0 0 . 0 5 - 0 . 5 7 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 2 7 - 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 4 5 0 . 5 7 - 0 . 2 7 0 . 5 2 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m 0 . 6 0 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 8 5 0 . 8 7 - 0 . 6 5 0 . 8 6 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 5 6 0 . 0 5 - 0 . 8 3 0 . 8 2 - 0 . 6 1 0 . 7 9 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 3 6 0 . 3 0 - 0 . 6 7 0 . 7 7 - 0 . 4 8 0 . 7 7 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 6 1 - 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 7 3 0 . 7 8 - 0 . 3 8 0 . 8 1 120 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l - 0 . 3 6 0 . 9 2 - 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 3 - 0 . 5 0 0 . 1 2

121Correlations for which rs  0.5 are highlighted in bold. 47 Samhouri and others A24 48 122 In the Northern California Current model, we performed press perturbations on the hake trawl, bottom trawl, shrimp trawl, and

123crab pot fleets individually. The hake trawl fleet targets Pacific salmon, Pacific hake, sablefish, widow rockfish, and yellowtail

124rockfish. The bottom trawl fleet targets Macrourids, Pacific salmon, skates, dogfish, sablefish, Pacific Ocean perch, canary rockfish,

125widow rockfish, yellowtail rockfish, black rockfish, shelf rockfish, slope rockfish, shortspine thornyhead, longspine thornyhead,

126lingcod, English sole, petrale sole, small flatfish, rex sole, dover sole, and arrowtooth flounder. The shrimp trawl fleet targets

127pandalid shrimp, sablefish, Pacific Ocean perch, canary rockfish, yellowtail rockfish, shelf rockfish, lingcod, and dover sole. The crab

128pot fleet targets Dungeness crab exclusively. These functional groups, and those listed below to detail attribute and indicator

129groupings, use the naming conventions described by Field and others (2006) for the Northern California Current model.

130Target groups: pandalid shrimp, Dungeness crab, Macrourids, Pacific salmon, Pacific hake, skates, dogfish, sablefish, Pacific Ocean

131perch, canary rockfish, widow rockfish, yellowtail rockfish, black rockfish, shelf rockfish, slope rockfish, shortspine thornyhead,

132longspine thornyhead, lingcod, English sole, petrale sole, small flatfish, rex sole, dover sole, arrowtooth flounder, halibut, northern

133albacore, coastal sharks

134Piscivorous fish: Pacific salmon, dogfish, sablefish, black rockfish, shelf rockfish, lingcod, petrale sole, arrowtooth flounder, halibut,

135northern albacore, coastal sharks

136Zooplanktivorous fish: forage fish, mesopelagics, Pacific sardine, mackerel, Pacific hake, juvenile rockfish, Pacific Ocean perch,

137canary rockfish, widow rockfish, yellowtail rockfish, slope rockfish, juvenile thornyhead, juvenile roundfish

138Forage fish: forage fish, Pacific sardine 49 Samhouri and others A25 50 139Roundfish: Macrourids, Pacific hake, sablefish, juvenile rockfish, Pacific Ocean perch, canary rockfish, widow rockfish, yellowtail

140rockfish, black rockfish, shelf rockfish, slope rockfish, shortspine thornyhead, longspine thornyhead, , juvenile thornyhead, juvenile

141roundfish, lingcod

142Invertivore: benthic shrimp, Dungeness crab, tanner crab, benthic fish, Macrourids, skates, shortspine thornyhead, longspine

143thornyhead, juvenile flatfish, English sole, small flatfish, rex sole, dover sole, sperm whales

144Herbivore: micro-zooplankton, copepods, euphausiids, small jellyfish

145Detritivore: infauna, amphipods, epibenthic, pandalid shrimp

146Pelagic fish: forage fish, mesopelagics, Macrourids, Pacific sardine, mackerel, Pacific salmon, Pacific hake, dogfish, widow rockfish,

147northern albacore, coastal sharks

148Demersal fish: benthic fish, skates, sablefish, juvenile rockfish, Pacific Ocean perch, canary rockfish, yellowtail rockfish, black

149rockfish, shelf rockfish, slope rockfish, shortspine thornyhead, longspine thornyhead, juvenile thornyhead, juvenile roundfish, lingcod,

150juvenile flatfish, English sole, petral sole, small flatfish, rex sole, dover sole, arrowtooth flounder, halibut

151Benthic invertebrates: infauna, epibenthic, pandalid shrimp, benthic shrimp, Dungeness crab, tanner crab 51 Samhouri and others A26 52

152Table A5. Spearman Rank Correlations ( rs ) Between Attributes (Rows) and Indicators (Columns) in the Northern California Current 153Model I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s T r o p h i c l e v e l o f t h e M a r i n e m a m m a l s S e a b i r d s J e l l y f i s h Z o o p l a n k t o n P h y t o p l a n k t o n T o t a l c a t c h c a t c h P a t h l e n g t h - 0 . 1 8 - 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 5 9 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 3 6 - 0 . 6 6 0 . 1 1 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 4 2 0 . 5 2 0 . 8 1 - 0 . 5 6 0 . 6 4 0 . 6 1 - 0 . 3 6 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 0 8 0 . 3 3 0 . 1 3 - 0 . 0 3 0 . 6 2 0 . 1 1 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n 0 . 6 0 0 . 6 9 0 . 8 1 - 0 . 6 6 0 . 7 2 0 . 4 5 - 0 . 3 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 8 4 0 . 9 0 0 . 6 7 - 0 . 9 3 1 . 0 0 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 5 5 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 8 4 0 . 9 1 0 . 6 9 - 0 . 9 1 0 . 9 9 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 5 4 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 5 2 0 . 6 1 0 . 8 0 - 0 . 5 8 0 . 6 6 0 . 5 3 - 0 . 3 0 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 0 4 - 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 3 - 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 4 9 - 0 . 0 2 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 4 0 0 . 3 3 - 0 . 1 0 - 0 . 3 9 0 . 2 9 - 0 . 4 6 - 0 . 2 3 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 5 2 0 . 4 6 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 5 5 0 . 4 3 - 0 . 4 2 - 0 . 3 2 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s - 0 . 8 6 - 0 . 8 8 - 0 . 5 4 0 . 7 9 - 0 . 8 8 - 0 . 2 1 0 . 6 4 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 7 8 - 0 . 8 5 - 0 . 8 3 0 . 7 9 - 0 . 8 6 - 0 . 2 7 0 . 5 0 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 3 9 - 0 . 4 7 - 0 . 2 4 0 . 5 0 - 0 . 5 3 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 1 2 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 1 . 0 0 - 0 . 9 8 - 0 . 4 6 0 . 8 5 - 0 . 8 5 0 . 0 2 0 . 6 4 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 2 5 0 . 2 8 0 . 7 3 - 0 . 2 9 0 . 3 7 0 . 4 1 - 0 . 3 7 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 9 0 - 0 . 9 5 - 0 . 6 0 0 . 8 7 - 0 . 9 5 - 0 . 1 4 0 . 5 5 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m 0 . 8 4 0 . 8 2 0 . 3 1 - 0 . 8 3 0 . 7 6 - 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 4 4 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 2 9 - 0 . 3 1 - 0 . 7 1 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 3 8 - 0 . 6 7 0 . 4 5 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 5 8 - 0 . 6 3 - 0 . 8 9 0 . 5 7 - 0 . 6 7 - 0 . 4 9 0 . 5 2 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 8 4 - 0 . 9 1 - 0 . 6 4 0 . 8 5 - 0 . 8 7 - 0 . 2 2 0 . 5 8 154 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l - 0 . 8 0 - 0 . 8 3 - 0 . 5 1 0 . 8 4 - 0 . 8 6 - 0 . 2 1 0 . 6 6 53 Samhouri and others A27 54 155Table A5 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s P r o p o r t i o n o f A t t r i b u t e s S l o p e o f l o g ( b i o m a s s ) n o n c o m m e r c i a l v s . t r o p h i c l e v e l s p e c i e s P i s c . f i s h Z o o p l . f i s h F o r a g e f i s h R o u n d f i s h I n v e r t i v o r e P a t h l e n g t h 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 4 0 0 . 7 1 - 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 1 8 0 . 1 2 - 0 . 7 7 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 4 9 0 . 6 6 - 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 0 9 0 . 4 3 - 0 . 3 9 0 . 8 7 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 5 4 0 . 0 4 - 0 . 7 3 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 1 7 0 . 2 3 0 . 5 7 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n - 0 . 2 9 0 . 7 7 - 0 . 4 8 - 0 . 2 7 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 5 2 0 . 9 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 0 1 0 . 9 1 - 0 . 1 3 - 0 . 7 4 0 . 8 3 - 0 . 8 0 0 . 6 3 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 0 5 0 . 9 3 - 0 . 1 9 - 0 . 6 9 0 . 8 3 - 0 . 8 0 0 . 6 9 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 3 5 0 . 7 0 - 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 1 5 0 . 5 2 - 0 . 4 4 0 . 9 2 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 5 8 - 0 . 1 5 0 . 6 5 - 0 . 4 6 0 . 0 6 - 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 5 7 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 5 2 0 . 2 1 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 7 5 0 . 4 2 - 0 . 4 7 - 0 . 3 3 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 4 5 0 . 3 3 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 8 3 0 . 5 5 - 0 . 5 7 - 0 . 2 2 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s - 0 . 0 4 - 0 . 9 6 0 . 2 3 0 . 7 8 - 0 . 8 4 0 . 9 5 - 0 . 6 1 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 8 8 0 . 3 3 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 7 7 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 8 7 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 5 2 - 0 . 4 7 - 0 . 3 3 0 . 4 3 - 0 . 3 9 0 . 3 9 - 0 . 1 9 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 8 5 - 0 . 0 1 0 . 8 5 - 0 . 9 9 0 . 8 4 - 0 . 5 5 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 4 9 0 . 3 8 - 0 . 5 7 0 . 0 1 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 1 1 0 . 7 1 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 0 6 - 0 . 9 7 0 . 1 7 0 . 7 4 - 0 . 8 9 0 . 8 7 - 0 . 6 9 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m 0 . 4 4 0 . 6 2 0 . 3 7 - 0 . 8 5 0 . 8 5 - 0 . 6 3 0 . 2 4 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 6 2 - 0 . 5 3 0 . 8 4 0 . 0 0 - 0 . 2 2 0 . 3 1 - 0 . 8 3 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 4 2 - 0 . 7 9 0 . 6 0 0 . 3 4 - 0 . 5 6 0 . 6 1 - 0 . 9 1 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 0 4 - 0 . 9 4 0 . 2 1 0 . 6 3 - 0 . 8 7 0 . 8 5 - 0 . 7 4 156 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l 0 . 0 0 - 0 . 9 1 0 . 1 6 0 . 7 9 - 0 . 8 2 0 . 9 7 - 0 . 5 0 55 Samhouri and others A28 56 157Table A5 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s B e n t h i c H e r b i v o r e D e t r i t i v o r e P e l a g i c f i s h D e m e r s a l f i s h R o c k f i s h F l a t f i s h i n v e r t e b r a t e s P a t h l e n g t h 0 . 5 2 - 0 . 8 1 - 0 . 2 4 0 . 1 8 0 . 5 9 - 0 . 7 5 - 0 . 8 1 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 7 0 0 . 9 6 - 0 . 0 8 - 0 . 0 9 - 0 . 5 6 0 . 8 8 0 . 9 6 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 1 8 0 . 5 4 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 5 6 0 . 5 2 0 . 5 5 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n - 0 . 7 3 0 . 9 8 - 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 8 - 0 . 4 5 0 . 9 1 0 . 9 7 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 9 0 0 . 7 3 - 0 . 7 4 0 . 3 4 - 0 . 1 2 0 . 5 4 0 . 6 8 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 8 9 0 . 7 8 - 0 . 6 8 0 . 3 0 - 0 . 1 8 0 . 6 1 0 . 7 4 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 7 0 0 . 9 8 - 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 4 9 0 . 9 1 0 . 9 8 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 2 9 - 0 . 6 1 - 0 . 4 7 0 . 2 1 0 . 5 2 - 0 . 5 5 - 0 . 6 1 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 0 9 - 0 . 2 9 - 0 . 7 6 0 . 2 8 0 . 4 4 - 0 . 2 7 - 0 . 3 0 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 8 4 0 . 3 2 0 . 3 9 - 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 1 6 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 5 7 0 . 7 3 - 0 . 1 6 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 4 6 - 0 . 5 6 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 7 6 - 0 . 9 1 0 . 5 2 - 0 . 2 1 0 . 3 2 - 0 . 8 1 - 0 . 8 9 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 4 4 - 0 . 2 7 0 . 4 4 - 0 . 3 5 - 0 . 3 3 - 0 . 0 4 - 0 . 2 1 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 6 7 - 0 . 5 6 0 . 8 4 - 0 . 5 2 - 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 5 2 - 0 . 5 1 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 4 5 0 . 7 2 0 . 0 0 - 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 4 7 0 . 7 1 0 . 7 3 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 8 0 - 0 . 7 0 0 . 7 2 - 0 . 3 4 0 . 1 6 - 0 . 5 5 - 0 . 6 6 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m - 0 . 6 3 0 . 3 5 - 0 . 8 9 0 . 6 5 0 . 3 8 0 . 2 9 0 . 2 8 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 3 2 - 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 0 6 0 . 4 1 0 . 7 9 - 0 . 6 7 - 0 . 7 3 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 8 7 0 . 3 0 0 . 1 8 0 . 6 5 - 0 . 8 4 - 0 . 9 1 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 7 1 - 0 . 7 9 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 2 5 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 7 1 - 0 . 7 7 158 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l 0 . 6 7 - 0 . 5 3 0 . 7 5 - 0 . 1 3 0 . 2 7 - 0 . 4 5 - 0 . 5 3 57 Samhouri and others A29 58 159Table A5 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s Z o o p l a n k t o n / I n v e r t i v o r e / F o r a g e f i s h / P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h / P e l a g i c f i s h / R o c k f i s h / P h y t o p l a n k t o n H e r b i v o r e J e l l y f i s h Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h D e m e r s a l f i s h F l a t f i s h P a t h l e n g t h 0 . 3 1 - 0 . 7 7 0 . 1 1 0 . 7 2 - 0 . 1 3 0 . 8 1 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 5 8 0 . 8 7 0 . 0 9 - 0 . 5 8 - 0 . 0 9 - 0 . 8 1 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 0 9 0 . 5 7 - 0 . 3 6 - 0 . 7 6 0 . 3 8 - 0 . 7 1 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n - 0 . 6 8 0 . 9 4 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 4 5 - 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 7 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 9 7 0 . 6 3 0 . 5 2 - 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 6 3 - 0 . 3 1 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 9 5 0 . 6 9 0 . 5 2 - 0 . 1 3 - 0 . 5 9 - 0 . 3 9 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 6 1 0 . 9 3 0 . 1 9 - 0 . 5 2 - 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 7 7 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 0 6 - 0 . 5 7 0 . 2 5 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 2 6 0 . 7 1 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 3 5 - 0 . 3 3 0 . 5 2 0 . 6 4 - 0 . 4 8 0 . 5 4 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 5 0 - 0 . 2 1 0 . 6 1 0 . 5 9 - 0 . 5 6 0 . 4 5 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s 0 . 8 3 - 0 . 6 1 - 0 . 6 2 0 . 1 7 0 . 4 9 0 . 3 6 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 8 2 - 0 . 8 8 - 0 . 4 5 0 . 2 8 0 . 5 0 0 . 5 5 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 3 7 0 . 4 2 - 0 . 1 7 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 8 6 - 0 . 5 5 - 0 . 8 1 - 0 . 0 7 0 . 8 0 0 . 1 5 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 3 3 0 . 7 1 - 0 . 1 0 - 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 6 3 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 9 1 - 0 . 6 9 - 0 . 6 2 0 . 1 1 0 . 6 2 0 . 3 5 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m - 0 . 8 2 0 . 2 4 0 . 6 9 0 . 4 3 - 0 . 8 7 0 . 2 1 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 8 2 0 . 0 7 0 . 8 1 - 0 . 1 9 0 . 8 4 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 9 1 - 0 . 2 4 0 . 5 5 0 . 1 5 0 . 7 8 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 8 5 - 0 . 7 4 - 0 . 6 4 0 . 1 6 0 . 5 3 0 . 5 0 160 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l 0 . 8 4 - 0 . 5 0 - 0 . 6 3 0 . 1 0 0 . 4 7 0 . 3 4

161Correlations for which rs  0.5 are highlighted in bold. 59 Samhouri and others A30 60 162 In the Southeast Alaska model, we performed press perturbations on the herring, pot, salmon, and trawler and longline fleets

163individually. The herring fleet targets herring exclusively. The pot fleet targets arrowtooth flounder, flatfish, shrimps, and epibenthic

164carnivores. The salmon fleet targets salmon exclusively. The trawler and longline fleet targets salmon, herring, Pacific Ocean perch,

165slope rockfish, sablefish, Pacific cod, halibut, arrowtooth flounder, flatfish, shrimp, and epibenthic carnivores. These functional

166groups, and those listed below to detail attribute and indicator groupings, use the naming conventions described by Guenette and

167others (2006) for the Southeast Alaska model.

168Target groups: toothed whales, baleen whales, salmon, herring, sablefish, Pacific cod, halibut, arrowtooth flounder, flatfish, shrimp,

169epibenthic carnivores

170Piscivorous fish: mammal-eating sharks, sharks and skates, shelf rockfish, Pacific cod, halibut, arrowtooth flounder, large demersal

171Zooplanktivorous fish: salmon, large pelagics, small pelagics, sandlance, herring, juvenile pollock, Pacific Ocean perch, slope

172rockfish, small deepwater

173Forage fish: small pelagics, sandlance, herring

174Roundfish: pollock (juveniles and adults), Pacific Ocean perch, slope rockfish, shelf rockfish, sablefish, Pacific cod, small demersals,

175large demersals, large deepwater, small deepwater

176Invertivore: toothed whales, sea otters, adult pollock, flatfish, small demersals, large deepwater, epibenthic carnivores, cephalopods

177Herbivore: large zooplankton, small zooplankton

178Detritivore: sablefish, shrimp, benthic invertebrates 61 Samhouri and others A31 62 179Pelagic fish: mammal-eating sharks, salmon, large pelagics, small pelagics, herring

180Demersal fish: pollock (juveniles and adults), Pacific Ocean perch, slope rockfish, shelf rockfish, sablefish, Pacific cod, halibut,

181arrowtooth flounder, large demersals, flatfish, small demersals, large deepwater, small deepwater

182Benthic invertebrates: shrimp, benthic invertebrates, epibenthic carnivorous 63 Samhouri and others A32 64

183Table A6. Spearman Rank Correlations ( rs ) Between Attributes (Rows) and Indicators (Columns) in the Southeast Alaska Model I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s T r o p h i c l e v e l o f t h e M a r i n e m a m m a l s S e a b i r d s J e l l y f i s h Z o o p l a n k t o n P h y t o p l a n k t o n T o t a l c a t c h c a t c h P a t h l e n g t h - 0 . 3 7 0 . 5 6 0 . 2 7 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 3 5 - 0 . 7 4 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 7 7 0 . 6 8 0 . 8 0 0 . 7 2 - 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 9 0 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 7 0 0 . 6 4 0 . 9 5 0 . 8 8 - 0 . 0 4 - 0 . 7 8 T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 8 2 - 0 . 2 9 - 0 . 4 1 - 0 . 3 3 - 0 . 1 7 0 . 5 2 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n 0 . 5 2 - 0 . 3 6 0 . 0 6 0 . 1 0 - 0 . 1 4 0 . 4 5 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 5 5 0 . 6 6 0 . 9 8 0 . 9 9 0 . 0 8 - 0 . 6 5 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 1 7 0 . 4 2 0 . 7 5 0 . 8 2 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 2 7 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 4 9 - 0 . 3 8 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 0 9 0 . 5 1 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 3 9 0 . 6 2 0 . 3 3 0 . 2 7 - 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 7 4 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 8 7 0 . 4 2 0 . 5 4 0 . 4 6 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 5 7 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 7 1 0 . 1 2 0 . 4 0 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 8 - 0 . 3 0 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s 0 . 9 8 - 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 4 7 - 0 . 4 1 - 0 . 1 8 0 . 6 0 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 6 4 - 0 . 4 7 - 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 0 8 0 . 6 1 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 9 3 - 0 . 3 1 - 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 5 2 - 0 . 2 7 0 . 4 8 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 4 0 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 1 8 - 0 . 3 8 - 0 . 3 1 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 6 5 - 0 . 0 4 - 0 . 3 0 - 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 3 1 0 . 3 3 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 4 1 - 0 . 4 3 - 0 . 7 3 - 0 . 7 3 - 0 . 1 5 0 . 5 0 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m 0 . 9 2 - 0 . 4 3 - 0 . 3 6 - 0 . 3 0 - 0 . 3 6 0 . 4 3 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 3 7 - 0 . 6 7 - 0 . 4 6 - 0 . 4 2 - 0 . 0 9 0 . 5 7 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 9 7 - 0 . 4 6 - 0 . 6 4 - 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 1 7 0 . 6 0 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 9 7 - 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 6 2 - 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 1 4 0 . 5 8 184 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l 0 . 9 1 - 0 . 5 1 - 0 . 5 9 - 0 . 5 2 - 0 . 2 6 0 . 5 2 65 Samhouri and others A33 66 185Table A6 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s P r o p o r t i o n o f A t t r i b u t e s S l o p e o f l o g ( b i o m a s s ) n o n c o m m e r c i a l v s . t r o p h i c l e v e l s p e c i e s P i s c . f i s h Z o o p l . f i s h F o r a g e f i s h R o u n d f i s h I n v e r t i v o r e P a t h l e n g t h - 0 . 3 5 0 . 3 5 0 . 1 9 - 0 . 3 9 0 . 2 6 - 0 . 3 0 0 . 1 5 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 7 0 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 7 9 - 0 . 3 9 - 0 . 4 6 0 . 1 6 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 6 6 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 1 8 - 0 . 7 2 - 0 . 5 8 - 0 . 4 8 0 . 1 5 T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 8 6 - 0 . 7 8 0 . 1 8 0 . 8 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 8 9 0 . 4 0 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n 0 . 4 4 - 0 . 5 9 0 . 0 5 0 . 5 0 - 0 . 4 2 0 . 4 1 0 . 4 8 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 4 9 0 . 4 7 - 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 5 5 - 0 . 7 4 - 0 . 3 4 0 . 1 6 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 1 7 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 0 3 - 0 . 1 8 - 0 . 7 2 - 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 0 5 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 4 1 - 0 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 7 - 0 . 3 8 0 . 3 4 0 . 4 4 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 3 6 0 . 3 9 0 . 1 6 - 0 . 4 1 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 3 0 0 . 0 0 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 9 0 0 . 8 3 - 0 . 2 5 - 0 . 9 0 - 0 . 1 2 - 0 . 8 1 - 0 . 2 9 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 7 7 0 . 6 6 - 0 . 4 1 - 0 . 7 5 - 0 . 1 0 - 0 . 7 3 - 0 . 1 9 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s 0 . 8 5 - 1 . 0 0 0 . 5 2 0 . 9 5 0 . 1 4 0 . 5 4 0 . 3 4 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 7 1 - 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 0 5 0 . 6 8 0 . 1 5 0 . 6 5 0 . 2 1 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 8 5 - 0 . 8 8 0 . 5 3 0 . 9 1 0 . 4 4 0 . 6 4 0 . 3 9 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 2 2 0 . 4 4 - 0 . 4 7 - 0 . 3 4 0 . 2 5 0 . 2 5 0 . 1 5 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 3 3 0 . 2 6 - 0 . 3 4 - 0 . 3 2 - 0 . 0 6 - 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 9 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 4 7 - 0 . 2 9 - 0 . 0 6 0 . 4 6 0 . 4 7 0 . 5 4 0 . 0 8 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m 0 . 7 9 - 0 . 9 5 0 . 5 8 0 . 8 8 0 . 1 3 0 . 4 7 0 . 4 9 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 4 1 0 . 2 5 0 . 3 2 0 . 2 5 - 0 . 1 8 - 0 . 0 3 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 9 2 - 0 . 9 3 0 . 4 3 0 . 9 8 0 . 3 3 0 . 7 0 0 . 3 0 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 9 1 - 0 . 9 1 0 . 4 2 0 . 9 6 0 . 3 5 0 . 6 8 0 . 2 9 186 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l 0 . 9 4 - 0 . 8 9 0 . 3 9 0 . 9 4 0 . 2 1 0 . 6 3 0 . 2 5 67 Samhouri and others A34 68 187Table A6 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s B e n t h i c H e r b i v o r e D e t r i t i v o r e P e l a g i c f i s h D e m e r s a l f i s h R o c k f i s h F l a t f i s h i n v e r t e b r a t e s P a t h l e n g t h 0 . 2 7 - 0 . 6 2 - 0 . 5 3 - 0 . 2 7 - 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 9 2 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 8 0 - 0 . 6 4 - 0 . 8 4 - 0 . 6 4 - 0 . 4 8 - 0 . 3 3 - 0 . 5 3 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 9 5 - 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 7 4 - 0 . 6 6 - 0 . 5 0 - 0 . 5 0 - 0 . 4 3 T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 4 1 0 . 7 7 0 . 6 4 0 . 8 8 0 . 9 0 0 . 1 9 0 . 5 1 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n 0 . 0 6 0 . 3 9 0 . 4 7 0 . 3 2 0 . 3 8 0 . 0 3 0 . 7 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 9 8 - 0 . 5 9 - 0 . 6 3 - 0 . 5 3 - 0 . 3 8 - 0 . 6 7 - 0 . 3 1 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 7 5 - 0 . 2 7 - 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 2 3 - 0 . 1 0 - 0 . 6 2 0 . 0 3 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 9 0 . 5 1 0 . 2 7 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 7 6 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 3 3 - 0 . 6 4 - 0 . 5 3 - 0 . 3 0 - 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 0 9 - 0 . 9 7 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 7 3 - 0 . 7 0 - 0 . 9 4 - 0 . 8 2 - 0 . 3 4 - 0 . 4 9 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 5 7 - 0 . 5 0 - 0 . 8 3 - 0 . 8 0 - 0 . 1 8 - 0 . 1 8 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s - 0 . 4 7 0 . 3 9 0 . 8 2 0 . 7 0 0 . 6 5 0 . 4 6 0 . 3 4 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 5 6 0 . 6 8 0 . 5 0 0 . 5 6 0 . 6 3 0 . 1 9 0 . 4 7 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 6 0 0 . 4 5 0 . 7 5 0 . 7 8 0 . 7 8 0 . 4 9 0 . 1 0 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 1 1 0 . 3 1 - 0 . 4 2 0 . 0 8 0 . 1 4 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 0 6 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 1 6 - 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 4 3 - 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 0 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 7 3 0 . 6 7 0 . 3 7 0 . 4 6 0 . 5 0 0 . 3 8 0 . 3 1 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m - 0 . 3 6 0 . 2 3 0 . 7 1 0 . 6 3 0 . 5 9 0 . 5 0 0 . 2 2 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 4 6 0 . 1 4 0 . 6 0 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 1 2 0 . 4 7 0 . 4 9 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 6 4 0 . 5 6 0 . 8 1 0 . 8 4 0 . 8 0 0 . 4 6 0 . 2 8 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 6 2 0 . 5 2 0 . 8 1 0 . 8 2 0 . 7 9 0 . 4 0 0 . 2 1 188 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l - 0 . 5 9 0 . 5 5 0 . 7 4 0 . 7 8 0 . 7 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 3 3 69 Samhouri and others A35 70 189Table A6 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s Z o o p l a n k t o n / I n v e r t i v o r e / F o r a g e f i s h / P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h / P e l a g i c f i s h / R o c k f i s h / P h y t o p l a n k t o n H e r b i v o r e J e l l y f i s h Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h D e m e r s a l f i s h F l a t f i s h P a t h l e n g t h 0 . 2 9 0 . 1 8 0 . 6 9 - 0 . 6 7 - 0 . 2 8 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 8 1 0 . 1 0 0 . 7 6 - 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 3 5 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 9 5 0 . 0 7 0 . 6 4 - 0 . 5 1 - 0 . 2 8 T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 4 1 0 . 4 2 - 0 . 8 1 0 . 3 7 0 . 6 9 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n 0 . 0 5 0 . 4 3 - 0 . 5 7 0 . 6 3 0 . 3 4 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 9 8 0 . 0 8 0 . 4 3 - 0 . 3 9 - 0 . 0 9 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 7 4 - 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 7 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 0 1 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 5 8 0 . 6 8 0 . 3 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 7 0 - 0 . 2 5 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 3 2 0 . 7 7 - 0 . 4 3 - 0 . 5 6 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 2 3 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 5 4 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s - 0 . 4 7 0 . 3 8 - 0 . 5 6 0 . 6 8 0 . 2 9 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 5 5 0 . 2 5 - 0 . 6 4 0 . 4 0 0 . 3 8 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 6 0 0 . 4 6 - 0 . 5 4 0 . 4 4 0 . 4 5 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 6 - 0 . 6 0 0 . 2 0 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 7 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 2 6 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 7 2 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 5 6 0 . 1 9 0 . 3 5 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m - 0 . 3 6 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 4 3 0 . 6 0 0 . 2 1 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 4 7 - 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 2 4 0 . 7 8 - 0 . 2 1 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 6 3 0 . 3 6 - 0 . 6 4 0 . 5 3 0 . 4 4 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 6 1 0 . 3 5 - 0 . 6 2 0 . 5 0 0 . 4 4 190 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l - 0 . 5 9 0 . 3 0 - 0 . 6 4 0 . 5 2 0 . 3 7

191Correlations for which rs  0.5 are highlighted in bold. 71 Samhouri and others A36 72 192 In the Strait of Georgia model, we performed press perturbations on the herring gill and seine, salmon fishers, longline, and

193seal control fleets individually. The herring gill and seine fleet targets adult herring exclusively. The salmon fishers fleet targets adult

194resident coho and adult resident chinook. The longline fleet targets halibut and lingcod. The seal control fleet targets seals sealions.

195These functional groups, and those listed below to detail attribute and indicator groupings, use the naming conventions described by

196Dalsgaard and others (1998) and Martell and others (2002) for the Strait of Georgia model.

197Target groups: seals sealions, halibut, lingcod, resident coho (juveniles and adults), resident Chinook (juveniles and adults), herring

198(juveniles and adults)

199Piscivorous fish: halibut, lingcod, adult resident coho, adult resident chinook

200Zooplanktivorous fish: dogfish shark, hake (juveniles and adults), juvenile resident coho, juvenile resident chinook, small pelagic,

201eulachon, herring (juveniles and adults)

202Forage fish: small pelagics, eulachon, herring (juveniles and adults)

203Roundfish: hake (juveniles and adults), lingcod

204Invertivore: demersal fishes, sea birds, predatory invertebrates

205Herbivore: shellfish, herbivorous zooplankton

206Detritivore: grazing invertebrates

207Pelagic fish: dogfish shark, hake (juveniles and adults), resident coho (juveniles and adults), resident Chinook (juveniles and adults),

208small pelagic, eulachon, herring (juveniles and adults) 73 Samhouri and others A37 74 209Demersal fish: halibut, lingcod, demersal fishes

210Benthic invertebrates: predatory invertebrates, shellfish, grazing invertebrates 75 Samhouri and others A38 76

211Table A7. Spearman Rank Correlations ( rs ) Between Attributes (Rows) and Indicators (Columns) in the Strait of Georgia Model I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s T r o p h i c l e v e l o f t h e M a r i n e m a m m a l s S e a b i r d s J e l l y f i s h Z o o p l a n k t o n P h y t o p l a n k t o n T o t a l c a t c h c a t c h P a t h l e n g t h - 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 7 0 . 9 5 0 . 9 7 - 0 . 7 2 - 0 . 6 3 0 . 6 8 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 4 6 - 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 7 5 0 . 2 6 0 . 3 7 - 0 . 4 8 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 3 3 - 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 9 8 - 0 . 8 8 0 . 8 7 0 . 8 1 - 0 . 7 4 T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 4 2 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 4 2 - 0 . 3 7 0 . 3 5 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 9 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n 0 . 3 4 0 . 3 5 - 0 . 8 7 - 0 . 7 5 0 . 9 7 0 . 6 4 - 0 . 5 5 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 2 7 0 . 3 3 - 0 . 8 2 - 0 . 6 4 1 . 0 0 0 . 6 9 - 0 . 5 5 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 2 2 0 . 4 5 - 0 . 7 3 - 0 . 5 2 0 . 9 8 0 . 6 2 - 0 . 4 3 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 4 1 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 9 2 - 0 . 8 4 0 . 9 3 0 . 6 6 - 0 . 6 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 5 3 0 . 1 7 0 . 8 6 0 . 9 6 - 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 5 8 0 . 6 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 5 3 - 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 2 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 4 0 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 5 9 - 0 . 2 7 - 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 0 9 0 . 1 7 0 . 2 6 - 0 . 5 4 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s 0 . 3 9 - 0 . 1 3 - 0 . 9 0 - 1 . 0 0 0 . 6 3 0 . 6 1 - 0 . 6 5 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 6 9 - 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 2 8 0 . 2 1 0 . 6 7 - 0 . 5 9 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 1 9 0 . 1 7 0 . 2 7 0 . 3 3 - 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 0 7 0 . 4 0 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 6 0 - 0 . 5 5 - 0 . 4 6 0 . 3 3 0 . 7 4 - 0 . 6 8 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 3 4 0 . 1 3 - 0 . 3 2 - 0 . 2 3 0 . 2 1 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 1 6 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 0 5 - 0 . 6 6 - 0 . 1 8 - 0 . 1 9 - 0 . 0 7 0 . 3 0 - 0 . 4 5 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m 0 . 4 6 - 0 . 5 5 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 2 5 - 0 . 3 8 - 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 1 7 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 6 4 - 0 . 2 3 - 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 3 1 - 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 3 - 0 . 1 8 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 0 0 - 0 . 5 2 - 0 . 5 0 - 0 . 6 7 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 0 - 0 . 2 3 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 3 4 - 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 3 9 - 0 . 4 6 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 1 212 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l - 0 . 4 2 - 0 . 1 0 - 0 . 3 4 - 0 . 4 4 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 2 77 Samhouri and others A39 78 213Table A7 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s P r o p o r t i o n o f A t t r i b u t e s S l o p e o f l o g ( b i o m a s s ) n o n c o m m e r c i a l v s . t r o p h i c l e v e l s p e c i e s P i s c . f i s h Z o o p l . f i s h F o r a g e f i s h R o u n d f i s h I n v e r t i v o r e P a t h l e n g t h - 0 . 0 3 0 . 9 7 - 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 9 4 - 0 . 9 8 0 . 1 0 0 . 5 9 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 4 2 - 0 . 7 6 0 . 5 8 0 . 6 9 0 . 7 5 - 0 . 1 9 - 0 . 8 9 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 1 2 - 0 . 8 7 0 . 3 5 0 . 8 5 0 . 8 8 - 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 4 1 T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 6 3 - 0 . 3 7 0 . 2 0 0 . 5 5 0 . 3 5 0 . 4 7 0 . 1 2 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n - 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 7 4 0 . 1 2 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 6 - 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 1 9 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 6 2 0 . 6 5 - 0 . 2 5 - 0 . 0 9 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 5 1 - 0 . 1 1 0 . 5 1 0 . 5 3 - 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 7 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 0 4 - 0 . 8 3 0 . 2 5 0 . 7 8 0 . 8 5 - 0 . 1 9 - 0 . 3 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 2 0 0 . 9 6 - 0 . 4 9 - 0 . 9 3 - 0 . 9 7 0 . 2 7 0 . 6 9 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 5 4 0 . 0 5 - 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 2 7 - 0 . 0 3 - 0 . 5 5 - 0 . 1 7 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 5 9 - 0 . 0 9 - 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 1 3 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 5 9 - 0 . 3 6 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s 0 . 1 2 - 1 . 0 0 0 . 6 1 0 . 9 5 0 . 9 9 - 0 . 0 9 - 0 . 6 5 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 0 3 - 0 . 2 9 0 . 2 3 0 . 2 5 0 . 2 9 - 0 . 3 9 - 0 . 4 1 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 0 5 0 . 3 2 - 0 . 6 3 - 0 . 2 1 - 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 4 4 0 . 3 1 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 4 6 0 . 2 5 0 . 3 9 0 . 4 6 - 0 . 4 2 - 0 . 4 7 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 2 2 0 . 3 2 0 . 2 7 0 . 2 0 0 . 4 4 0 . 0 8 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 1 2 - 0 . 1 9 0 . 5 2 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 0 3 - 0 . 4 9 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m 0 . 7 5 - 0 . 2 6 0 . 4 5 0 . 1 5 0 . 2 7 - 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 7 8 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 3 2 - 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 4 0 . 3 3 - 0 . 5 1 - 0 . 4 7 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 6 8 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 7 0 . 6 7 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 6 2 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 4 2 - 0 . 4 6 0 . 5 1 0 . 6 5 0 . 4 5 0 . 4 4 - 0 . 1 9 214 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l - 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 4 4 0 . 6 2 0 . 6 0 0 . 4 2 0 . 5 8 - 0 . 2 2 79 Samhouri and others A40 80 215Table A7 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s B e n t h i c H e r b i v o r e D e t r i t i v o r e P e l a g i c f i s h D e m e r s a l f i s h R o c k f i s h F l a t f i s h i n v e r t e b r a t e s P a t h l e n g t h 0 . 8 9 - 0 . 9 2 - 0 . 8 8 0 . 3 7 0 . 6 7 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 7 9 0 . 5 0 0 . 6 6 - 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 8 6 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 8 2 0 . 9 9 0 . 7 7 - 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 5 3 T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 1 0 0 . 3 8 0 . 5 9 0 . 4 3 0 . 1 4 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n - 0 . 7 1 0 . 9 5 0 . 6 1 - 0 . 2 5 - 0 . 3 5 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 6 2 0 . 9 2 0 . 5 0 - 0 . 2 6 - 0 . 2 6 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 5 0 0 . 8 4 0 . 3 9 - 0 . 1 6 - 0 . 1 1 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 8 0 0 . 9 8 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 3 3 - 0 . 4 9 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 8 5 - 0 . 8 2 - 0 . 8 8 0 . 5 4 0 . 7 1 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 8 - 0 . 3 7 - 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 3 0 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 3 7 0 . 1 8 - 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 6 7 - 0 . 4 8 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s - 0 . 9 0 0 . 8 4 0 . 9 0 - 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 7 1 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 3 3 0 . 3 5 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 4 8 - 0 . 3 9 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 3 6 - 0 . 1 9 - 0 . 2 1 - 0 . 1 7 0 . 3 9 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 4 6 0 . 4 9 0 . 3 8 - 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 4 6 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 1 9 0 . 2 4 0 . 2 8 0 . 3 6 0 . 0 0 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 3 3 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 4 8 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m - 0 . 3 4 - 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 4 8 - 0 . 6 7 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 8 0 . 2 3 - 0 . 6 4 - 0 . 3 7 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 5 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 8 5 - 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 5 0 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 2 1 0 . 2 8 0 . 7 4 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 1 0 216 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l - 0 . 2 4 0 . 2 5 0 . 6 9 0 . 3 8 - 0 . 1 5

217 81 Samhouri and others A41 82 218Table A7 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s Z o o p l a n k t o n / I n v e r t i v o r e / F o r a g e f i s h / P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h / P e l a g i c f i s h / R o c k f i s h / P h y t o p l a n k t o n H e r b i v o r e J e l l y f i s h Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h D e m e r s a l f i s h F l a t f i s h P a t h l e n g t h 1 . 0 0 0 . 5 0 - 0 . 9 8 - 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 8 3 F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 7 1 - 0 . 8 6 0 . 7 5 0 . 3 4 0 . 8 4 P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 9 2 - 0 . 3 0 0 . 8 8 - 0 . 0 3 0 . 7 2 T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 4 5 0 . 1 4 0 . 3 6 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 6 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n - 0 . 8 1 - 0 . 0 6 0 . 7 6 - 0 . 2 4 0 . 5 6 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 7 1 0 . 0 4 0 . 6 5 - 0 . 3 6 0 . 4 6 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 5 9 0 . 2 0 0 . 5 3 - 0 . 4 3 0 . 3 2 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 8 8 - 0 . 2 1 0 . 8 4 - 0 . 1 2 0 . 6 6 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 9 4 0 . 6 2 - 0 . 9 7 - 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 9 4 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 1 0 - 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 0 3 - 0 . 2 1 0 . 0 4 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 0 4 - 0 . 3 4 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 1 6 0 . 2 2 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s - 0 . 9 8 - 0 . 5 7 0 . 9 9 0 . 2 8 0 . 8 6 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 4 1 0 . 2 9 - 0 . 0 2 0 . 3 6 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 3 2 0 . 2 9 - 0 . 2 8 - 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 0 9 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 4 5 - 0 . 4 5 0 . 4 6 - 0 . 0 2 0 . 5 2 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 2 8 0 . 1 2 0 . 2 0 0 . 3 0 - 0 . 0 5 H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 4 8 0 . 1 7 0 . 3 7 0 . 1 6 A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m - 0 . 1 7 - 0 . 8 3 0 . 2 7 0 . 4 7 0 . 5 0 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 5 2 0 . 3 3 - 0 . 1 1 0 . 6 1 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 6 3 - 0 . 6 3 0 . 6 7 0 . 5 7 0 . 6 3 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 5 0 - 0 . 2 0 0 . 4 5 0 . 4 4 0 . 3 2 219 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l - 0 . 4 8 - 0 . 2 2 0 . 4 2 0 . 5 5 0 . 2 3

220 Correlations for which rs  0.5 are highlighted in bold. 83 Samhouri and others A42 84 221 In the West Coast Vancouver Island model, we performed press perturbations on the benthic trawl, herring fishery, and shrimp

222trawl fleets individually. We assumed a baseline fishing mortality F = 0.1 for pink shrimp. The benthic trawl fleet targets juvenile

223and adult lingcod, dogfish, adult Pacific cod, and demersal fish. The herring fishery fleet targets adult herring exclusively. The shrimp

224trawl fleet targets dogfish, demersal fish, eulachon, and pink shrimp. These functional groups, and those listed below to detail

225attribute and indicator groupings, use the naming conventions described by Martell (2002) for the West Coast Vancouver Island

226model.

227Target groups: lingcod (juveniles and adults), Pacific cod (juveniles and adults), demersal fish, herring (juveniles and adults), pink

228shrimp

229Piscivorous fish: lingcod (juveniles and adults)

230Zooplanktivorous fish: dogfish, Pacific Cod (juveniles and adults), demersal fish, herring (juveniles and adults), eulachon

231Forage fish: herring (juveniles and adults), eulachon

232Roundfish: lingcod (juveniles and adults), Pacific Cod (juveniles and adults)

233Invertivore: none

234Herbivore: copepods, herbivorous zooplankton

235Detritivore: pink shrimp

236Pelagic fish: dogfish, herring (juveniles and adults), eulachon

237Demersal fish: lingcod (juveniles and adults), Pacific Cod (juveniles and adults), demersal fish 85 Samhouri and others A43 86 238Benthic invertebrates: pink shrimp 87 Samhouri and others A44 88

239Table A8. Spearman Rank Correlations ( rs ) Between Attributes (Rows) and Indicators (Columns) in the West Coast Vancouver

240Island Model

I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s T r o p h i c l e v e l o f t h e M a r i n e m a m m a l s S e a b i r d s J e l l y f i s h Z o o p l a n k t o n P h y t o p l a n k t o n T o t a l c a t c h c a t c h P a t h l e n g t h F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x 0 . 9 5 0 . 9 2 - 0 . 1 0 - 0 . 5 8 T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 1 0 - 0 . 9 1 0 . 3 8 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n - 0 . 9 3 - 0 . 9 4 - 0 . 2 7 0 . 6 7 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 9 9 1 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 - 0 . 6 9 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 0 . 1 6 0 . 6 6 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 6 8 - 0 . 7 2 - 0 . 5 4 0 . 7 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 7 9 0 . 8 3 0 . 4 6 - 0 . 7 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 0 6 0 . 1 3 0 . 9 2 - 0 . 4 1 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 6 0 . 9 0 - 0 . 3 3 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s - 0 . 3 5 - 0 . 4 1 - 0 . 7 9 0 . 5 9 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 1 3 - 0 . 1 6 0 . 5 5 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 2 0 0 . 2 6 0 . 4 7 - 0 . 3 7 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 1 3 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 8 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m - 0 . 1 2 - 0 . 1 9 - 0 . 8 8 0 . 4 5 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 8 - 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 1 0 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 3 7 - 0 . 4 3 - 0 . 7 4 0 . 6 7 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 4 4 - 0 . 5 0 - 0 . 7 2 0 . 6 6 241 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l - 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 9 1 0 . 5 3 89 Samhouri and others A45 90 242Table A8 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s P r o p o r t i o n o f A t t r i b u t e s S l o p e o f l o g ( b i o m a s s ) n o n c o m m e r c i a l v s . t r o p h i c l e v e l s p e c i e s P i s c . f i s h Z o o p l . f i s h F o r a g e f i s h R o u n d f i s h I n v e r t i v o r e P a t h l e n g t h F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 0 6 0 . 9 3 - 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 4 - 0 . 9 4 0 . 3 8 T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 6 6 - 0 . 0 9 0 . 7 9 0 . 9 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 9 1 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n 0 . 3 3 - 0 . 9 4 0 . 3 6 0 . 4 3 0 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n - 0 . 2 9 1 . 0 0 - 0 . 3 0 - 0 . 2 7 - 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n 0 . 2 6 - 1 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 0 . 2 5 1 . 0 0 - 0 . 1 3 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 5 6 - 0 . 7 1 0 . 6 8 0 . 7 2 0 . 6 9 0 . 3 4 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 4 8 0 . 8 1 - 0 . 5 8 - 0 . 6 4 - 0 . 8 0 - 0 . 2 3 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 6 7 0 . 1 2 - 0 . 8 0 - 0 . 9 5 - 0 . 0 8 - 0 . 9 0 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 6 3 0 . 0 5 - 0 . 7 6 - 0 . 9 2 - 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 9 2 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s 0 . 7 3 - 0 . 4 0 0 . 8 7 0 . 9 7 0 . 3 6 0 . 6 9 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 1 1 0 . 5 0 0 . 3 1 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 7 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 3 7 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 4 4 - 0 . 4 5 - 0 . 2 2 - 0 . 2 6 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 1 5 0 . 1 4 0 . 2 5 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m 0 . 7 0 - 0 . 1 8 0 . 8 3 0 . 9 7 0 . 1 4 0 . 8 5 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 3 - 0 . 0 8 0 . 2 3 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 7 7 - 0 . 4 1 0 . 9 2 0 . 9 2 0 . 3 9 0 . 6 4 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 7 5 - 0 . 4 8 0 . 8 8 0 . 9 1 0 . 4 6 0 . 6 0 243 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l 0 . 7 7 - 0 . 2 0 0 . 9 1 0 . 9 9 0 . 1 6 0 . 8 6 91 Samhouri and others A46 92 244Table A8 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s B e n t h i c H e r b i v o r e D e t r i t i v o r e P e l a g i c f i s h D e m e r s a l f i s h R o c k f i s h F l a t f i s h i n v e r t e b r a t e s P a t h l e n g t h F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 9 4 - 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 8 9 0 . 5 6 T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 0 4 0 . 2 9 0 . 1 4 0 . 8 9 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n 0 . 9 3 0 . 7 2 0 . 9 6 - 0 . 1 2 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n - 1 . 0 0 - 0 . 5 1 - 0 . 9 9 0 . 2 9 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n 1 . 0 0 0 . 5 4 0 . 9 9 - 0 . 3 1 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 6 9 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 7 0 . 2 8 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 8 0 - 0 . 7 5 - 0 . 8 6 - 0 . 1 5 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 3 1 - 0 . 1 8 - 0 . 8 8 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 0 0 - 0 . 2 6 - 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 9 1 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s 0 . 3 6 0 . 5 4 0 . 4 5 0 . 6 6 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 1 2 0 . 2 4 0 . 1 2 0 . 2 0 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 2 1 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 2 2 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 8 - 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 1 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m 0 . 1 4 0 . 4 0 0 . 2 4 0 . 8 4 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 0 9 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 0 4 0 . 2 8 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 3 8 0 . 4 9 0 . 4 7 0 . 6 2 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 4 5 0 . 5 6 0 . 5 4 0 . 5 6 245 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l 0 . 1 6 0 . 3 5 0 . 2 6 0 . 8 3 93 Samhouri and others A47 94 246Table A8 (cont.). I n d i c a t o r s

A t t r i b u t e s Z o o p l a n k t o n / I n v e r t i v o r e / F o r a g e f i s h / P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h / P e l a g i c f i s h / R o c k f i s h / P h y t o p l a n k t o n H e r b i v o r e J e l l y f i s h Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h D e m e r s a l f i s h F l a t f i s h P a t h l e n g t h F i n n ' s c y c l i n g i n d e x P r e d a t o r c y c l i n g i n d e x - 0 . 9 4 - 0 . 1 5 - 0 . 8 5 T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 0 4 0 . 7 0 - 0 . 6 6 T o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n 0 . 9 3 0 . 4 2 0 . 4 9 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n - 1 . 0 0 - 0 . 4 0 - 0 . 6 4 T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n 1 . 0 0 0 . 3 6 0 . 6 7 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n 0 . 6 9 0 . 6 9 0 . 1 1 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n - 0 . 8 0 - 0 . 6 1 - 0 . 2 5 T o t a l p r i m a r y p r o d u c t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s - 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 7 2 0 . 6 3 T o t a l r e s p i r a t i o n / T o t a l b i o m a s s 0 . 0 0 - 0 . 6 7 0 . 6 8 T a r g e t g r o u p b i o m a s s 0 . 3 6 0 . 8 1 - 0 . 3 4 E c o s y s t e m r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x 0 . 1 2 0 . 5 4 - 0 . 0 4 P i s c i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 2 1 - 0 . 4 9 0 . 0 4 Z o o p l a n k t i v o r o u s f i s h r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x - 0 . 1 2 0 . 2 9 - 0 . 1 3 I n v e r t i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x H e r b i v o r e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n i n d e x A v e r a g e r e l a t i v e c h a n g e i n e n t i r e e c o s y s t e m 0 . 1 4 0 . 7 5 - 0 . 5 8 K e m p t o n s Q d i v e r s i t y - 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 5 - 0 . 2 8 S h a n n o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 3 8 0 . 8 9 - 0 . 2 8 S i m p s o n d i v e r s i t y 0 . 4 5 0 . 8 5 - 0 . 2 1 247 M e a n t r o p h i c l e v e l 0 . 1 6 0 . 8 3 - 0 . 5 5

248 Correlations for which rs  0.5 are highlighted in bold.

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