Ss8h5a Explain the Establishment of the University of Georgia, Louisville

UNIT 7 SUMMARY - CIVIL WAR and RECONSTRUCTION

SS8H6a Explain the importance of key issues and events that led to the Civil War; include slavery, Debate over Secession and the role of Alexander Stephens states’ rights, nullification, Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850 and the Georgia Platform, SouthDebate Carolina over became Secession the 1st state and tothe secede role offrom Alexander the Union. StephensGeorgia Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott case, election of 1860, the debate over secession in Georgia, and the South Carolina became the 1st state to secede from the Union. Georgia held a convention to debate whether they should secede as well. Georgia role of Alexander Stephens. USheld Representative a convention Alexander to debate Stephenswhether they was should pro-slavery secede like as other well. politicians Georgia in theUS state,Representative but he was Alexander against secession. Stephens was He triedpro-slavery to warn like that other seceding politicians STATES’ RIGHTS and SLAVERY: The economy of southern states depended on agriculture againstin the the state, Union but Stateshe was was against disloyal secession. to the US He Constitution tried to warn and that that seceding the STATES’ RIGHTS and SLAVERY: The economy of southern states depended on agriculture and the growing of cotton and tobacco. Slave labor was used to earn large profits for plantation Southagainst risked the losing Union states’ States rights was disloyal and slavery to the if USthey Constitution were to lose and in war.that the owners.and the Whites growing with of landcotton and and slaves tobacco. often Slave controlled labor the was rules used and to earnlaws largeof a state profits and for had plantation an South risked losing states’ rights and slavery if they were to lose in war. interestowners. in keeping Whites slaverywith land legal and in slaves the south, often despite controlled others the knowingrules and slavery laws of was a state immoral. and had Slave an statesinterest argued in keeping that individual slavery stateslegal in should the south, have despite the power others to determine knowing slavery what laws was to immoral. obey and Slave manystates wealthy argued southerners that individual feared states that shouldfederal have (national) the power laws wouldto determine abolish what slavery. laws to obey and many wealthy southerners feared that federal (national) laws would abolish slavery.

In 1820, there were 11 free In 1832, South Carolina In 1820, there were 11 free 1820 In 1832, South Carolina states in the north and 11 slave nullified (or refused to accept) a statesstates in thein the south. north Territories and 11 slave federalnullified tariff (or or refused tax on Britishto accept) a Missouri applyingstates forin the statehood south. Territorieshad to importedfederal goodstariff or because tax on British it was Compromise decideapplying if they for were statehood to be ahad free to or unfairimported to southern goods consumersbecause it was slavedecide state. if they Missouri were wantedto be a freeto or whileunfair it benefitted to southern northern consumers becomeslave state.a slave Missouri state, but wanted that to factories.while it benefittedThe US began northern to wouldbecome make a representationslave state, but in that US enforcefactories. the tariff The causingUS began South to governmentwould make unbalanced, representation so the in US Carolinaenforce to the threaten tariff causing to secede South 1832 USgovernment admit ted Maine unbalanced, as a free so the fromCarolina the Union. to threaten To avoid to secede this Nullification state.US admitTerritories ted Maine above as the a free36 conflict,from the the Union. US government To avoid this Crisis linestate. of latitude Territories would above become the free 36 backedconflict, off theand US lowered government the tariff. states.line of latitude would become free backed off and lowered the tariff. states.

In 1850, California was In 1854, Kansas and In 1850, California was Compromise In 1854, Kansas and admitted as a free state, and Nebraska were territories of Texasadmitted as a slaveas a free state. state, Slavery and applyingNebraska for statehood.were territories Ignoring becameTexas illegalas a slave in Washington state. Slavery DC, theapplying Missouri for Compromise statehood. 36Ignoring 1850 andbecame the southern illegal instates Washington DC, degreethe Missouri latitude Compromisepolicy the US 36 SS8H6b State the importance of key events of the Civil War; include Antietam, the Emancipation demandedand the southern that runaway states slaves governmentdegree latitude allowed policy citizens the US in government allowed citizens in Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgia’s coast, Sherman’s Atlanta bedemanded captured and that returned runaway back slaves to these territories the opportunity INTERPRETSMAKES these territories the opportunity Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Andersonville. theirbe ownerscaptured in andthe south.returned This back to to vote on whether slavery would LAWSLAWS wastheir known owners as thein the Fugitive south. Slave This beto legal vote or on illegal. whether This slavery was would 1854 Act.was Northerners known as thewho Fugitive wanted Slave to knownbe legal as popular or illegal. sovereignty. This was Kansas- Union Blockade abolishAct. Northernersslavery were who upset wanted that to Afterknown bloody as popularconflicts sovereignty. between UnionAfter South Blockade theyabolish could slavery go to jail were or fined upset for that pro-slaveryAfter bloody and conflicts abolitionists, between Nebraska Act st CarolinaAfter fired South the 1 they could go to jail or fined for pro-slavery and abolitionists, st helping slaves escape. Kansas became a free state. shotCarolina of the Civilfired Warthe 1 helping slaves escape. Kansas became a free state. atshot Fort of Sumter, the Civil War Presidentat Fort LincolnSumter, In 1857, the United States In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was orderedPresident a Union Lincoln In 1857, the United States 1857 In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was Navalordered blockade a Union of Supreme Court made its decision elected President from the southernNaval blockadeports. This of onSupreme the Dred CourtScott case.made itsDred decision Republicanelected President Party. Lincoln from the was Dred Scott cutsouthern off trade ports. in the This Scotton thewas Dred a slave Scott who case. sued Dred for anRepublican abolitionist Party.and southern Lincoln was Case Southcut offand trade hurt inthe the hisScott freedom was b/ca slave his master who sued took for slavean abolitioniststates feared and that southern his economySouth and while hurt also the himhis to freedom a free state. b/c his The master court took powerslave as states president feared could that his weakeningeconomy whilethe also ruledhim that to a since free state.Dred Scott The courtwas a eventuallypower as outlaw president the institutioncould Confederateweakening Army the by slaveruled he that was since not a Dred citizen, Scott was a of eventuallyslavery, a threatoutlaw to the their institution reducingConfederate the amount Army by therefore,slave he he was had not no a rights citizen, and economicof slavery, success. a threat Shortly to their after Election ofreducing supplies thethey amount couldtherefore, not sue. he Also,had no since rights slaves and hiseconomic election, southernsuccess. states Shortly held after of ofreceived. supplies they werecould considered not sue. property,Also, since his slaves conventionshis election, to southerndiscuss whether states held Southernersreceived. became masterwere couldconsidered take him property, anywhere. his or conventionsnot they should to discuss leave or whether 1860 poorSoutherners as a result. became Thismaster was acould defeat take for him anywhere. secedeor not from they the should Union. leave or poor as a result. abolitionists.This was a defeat for secede from the Union. abolitionists. UNIT 7 SUMMARY - CIVIL WAR and RECONSTRUCTION

SS8H6c Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states, emphasizing BATTLE OF ANTIETAM EMANCIPATION BATTLE OF Freedmen’s Bureau; sharecropping and tenant farming; Reconstruction plans; 13th, 14th, and 15th BATTLE OF ANTIETAM In 1862, Confederate Gen. PROCLAMATIONEMANCIPATION GETTYSBURGBATTLE OF amendments to the constitution; Henry McNeal Turner and black legislators; and the Ku Klux Klan. RobertIn 1862, E. ConfederateLee tried to Gen. AfterPROCLAMATION the battle of In 1863,GETTYSBURG Robert E Lee once invadeRobert the northE. Lee to tried capture to AntietamAfter President the battle Lincoln of againIn 1863,tried to Robert bring Ewar Lee onto once FREEDMEN’S SHARECROPPING and TENANT FARMING: After the Civil War theinvade capital- the Washington north to capture triedAntietam to get Presidentthe South Lincolnto northernagain triedsoil into Pennsylvania bring war onto northern soil in Pennsylvania FREEDMEN’SBUREAU SHARECROPPING and TENANT FARMING: After the Civil War plantation owners needed labor and freed blacks needed jobs. Since the capital- Washington surrendertried to andget therejoin South the to in an attempt to capture the D.C. in an attempt to capture the GovernmentBUREAU it wasplantation illegal forowners slaves needed to be educatedlabor and orfreed receive blacks money needed many jobs. freed Since D.C. surrender and rejoin the capital. The battle lasted Union Army forced the Union. The South did not threecapital. days The and battle was thelasted organizationGovernment created blacksit was were illegal forced for slaves into borrowing to be educated money or(credit) receive from money white many plantation freed Union. The South did not ConfederatesUnion Army back forced into the surrender so he freed all bloodiestthree daysbattle and of the was war the toorganization provide food, created ownersblacks to were pay forforced a place into toborrowing live, food, money medicine, (credit) tools, from seed, white and plantation Virginia,Confederates which is back why into this slavessurrender in the Confederacy.so he freed all (51,112bloodiest casualties). battle of the The war clothing,to provide education, food, fertilizer.owners toFreed pay blacksfor a place would to receivelive, food, a “share” medicine, of the tools, profits seed, or andcrops battleVirginia, is a Union which victory. is why this Theslaves Civil in War the wasConfederacy. officially Confederacy(51,112 casualties). lost again andThe andclothing, job contracts education, for thatfertilizer. they worked Freed from blacks the planterswould receive land. aThe “share” money of earnedthe profits could or cropsnot freedand blacksjob contracts and for Thisbattle one is day a Union battle victory.was the aboutThe secession Civil War and was slavery. officially thisConfederacy became the lost turning again point and paythat down they the worked debt fromthey owedthe planters to the planter,land. The thus money a cycle earned of poverty could not poorfreed whites blacks after and continued.pay down Laws the debt were they passed owed to tokeep the blacksplanter, working thus a cycleon the of planter’s poverty singleThis onebloodiest day battle day inwas the Theabout South secession lost the andsupport slavery. of in thethis warbecame as the the Union turning gained point poorslavery whites was after propertycontinued. until allLaws debts were were passed paid. to keep blacks working on the planter’s Americansingle bloodiest history with day in otherThe countriesSouth lost b/c the they support of momentumin the war andas the began Union to gained momentum and began to abolished.slavery was property until all debts were paid. American history with refusedother tocountries stop slavery. b/c they weaken the southern army. 26,134 casualties. weaken the southern army. abolished. 26,134 casualties. refused to stop slavery. 13TH AMENDMENT 14TH AMENDMENT 15TH AMENDMENT In13 1865,TH AMENDMENT slavery is Ratified 14in TH1868, AMENDMENT citizenship is Ratified15 inTH 1870, AMENDMENT the United officiallyIn 1865, abolished slavery is grantedRatified to inpeople 1868, born citizenship in the is Ratified in 1870, the United States cannot deny a citizen the officiallyand illegal. abolished Unitedgranted States, to people guaranteeing born in the rightStates to vote cannot based deny on a“race, citizen the and illegal. freedomsUnited andStates, rights guaranteeing found in the color,right or to previous vote based condition on “race, of Unitedfreedoms States and Constitution. rights found in the servitude”.color, or previous condition of United States Constitution. servitude”.

PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION: CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION AfterPRESIDENTIAL the South surrendered RECONSTRUCTION during the Civil: RadicalCONGRESSIONAL Republicans who RECONSTRUCTION controlled the US After the South surrendered during the Civil Radical Republicans who controlled the US War Abraham Lincoln and later Andrew Congress wanted to make sure the South JohnsonWar Abraham wanted Lincoln to quickly and readmit later Andrew the providedCongress freedoms wanted to to all make of its sure citizens, the South not ConfederateJohnson wanted states backto quickly into the readmit Union. the First, justprovided the wealthy freedoms whites. to allTo ofdo its this, citizens, the South not statesConfederate had to abolish states slavery back into by theratifying Union. the First, hadjust to theratify wealthy the 13 whites.th, 14h, and To do15 ththis, the South 13statesth Amendment. had to abolish Secondly, slavery 10% by ofratifying the the amendmentshad to ratify in the order 13th to, 14h, rejoin and the 15 Unitedth population13th Amendment. had to take Secondly, an oath of10% allegiance of the to States.amendments The US inmilitary order temporarilyto rejoin the governed United thepopulation United States. had to This take plan an oathwas ofnot allegiance very to theStates. southern The states, US military while formertemporarily Confederate governed strictthe and United did States.not punish This the plan rebellious was not very officersthe southern were denied states, political while formerpower. Confederate The US governments,strict and did which not punish caused the Congress rebellious to providedofficers financial were denied aid to political rebuild power.cities, The US comegovernments, up with their which own causedReconstruction Congress plan. to schools,provided and financial railroad aid to improveto rebuild the cities, South. come up with their own Reconstruction plan. schools, and railroad to improve the South. ANDERSONVILLE PRISON ATLANTA CAMPAIGN: In 1864, Union Gen. William 45,000ANDERSONVILLE captured Union PRISONsoldiers ATLANTA CAMPAIGN: In 1864, Union Gen. William T. Sherman invaded Georgia from Chattanooga and 45,000 captured Union soldiers were imprisoned in Andersonville successfullyT. Sherman pushed invaded toward Georgia Atlanta from by Chattanooga flanking the andenemy duringwere the imprisoned war. 13,000 in Andersonville died of fromsuccessfully one battle pushedafter another toward in Atlanta Northwest by flanking Georgia. the In enemy starvation,during the exposure war. 13,000 to cold, died and of Pauldingfrom one County battle the after battles another of Dallas, in Northwest New Hope, Georgia. and In disease.starvation, exposure to cold, and Pickett’sPaulding Mill County are all thepart battles of the Atlantaof Dallas, Campaign. New Hope, Gen. and disease. ShermanPickett’s wanted Mill are to all capture part of Atlanta the Atlanta b/c it Campaign. was a very Gen. importantSherman railroad wanted hub to forcapture the Confederacy Atlanta b/c it supplying was a very muchimportant of their railroad needed hub supplies. for the InConfederacy 1864, Atlanta supplying was BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA HENRY McNEAL TURNER KU KLUX KLAN burnedmuch and of their destroyed, needed which supplies. helped In 1864,end the Atlanta Civil War was BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA In 1863, Confederate forces African-AmericanHENRY McNEAL who TURNER was A terror group createdKU by KLUXformer KLAN Confederate soldiers sooner.burned and destroyed, which helped end the Civil War In 1863, Confederate forces African-American who was A terror group created by former Confederate soldiers were able to defeat and push the sooner. very influential as a religious that used violence and intimidation tactics to SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA: After capturing Unionwere Army able to back defeat into and push the leadervery andinfluential Georgia as politician.a religious disenfranchisethat used violence blacks and (denying intimidation the right tactics to vote to and other leader and Georgia politician. SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA: After capturing Tennessee.Union Army This back was into the Atlanta, Gen. Sherman waged ‘total war’ against the Turner and 26 other black freedoms).disenfranchise The Klan blacks was (denying successful the inright getting to vote southern and other legislatorsTurner and were 26 denied other black bloodiestTennessee. battle This on GA was soil the and SouthAtlanta, by destroying Gen. Sherman crops, waged and burning ‘total war’ some against homes the and whitefreedoms). Democrats The elected, Klan was albeit successful illegally in and getting through southern nd businessesSouth by thatdestroying supported crops, the and Confederacy. burning some His homes troops and acceptancelegislators by were the deniedmajority white thebloodiest 2 bloodiest battle of on the GA War. soil and corruptionwhite Democrats and violence. elected, The albeit KKK illegally harassed, and harmed, through and the 2nd bloodiest of the War. marchedbusinesses from thatAtlanta supported to Savannah the Confederacy. and up to North His troops Generalacceptance Assembly. by the After majority protest white Union forces regrouped and took andGeneral US support Assembly. the legislators After protest killedcorruption many blacks, and violence. Jews, Catholics, The KKK carpetbaggers harassed, harmed, and Union forces regrouped and took Carolinamarched living from off Atlanta the land to andSavannah freeing andslaves up toalong North the over Georgia the next spring way.Carolina Confederate living off soldiers the land quit and and freeing returned slaves to home.along the wereand able US tosupport participate the legislators in the (northernkilled many whites blacks, rebuilding Jews, the Catholics, South), carpetbaggersand scalawags duringover theGeorgia Atlanta the Campaign. next spring way. Confederate soldiers quit and returned to home. secondwere legislativeable to participate session. in the (southern(northern whites whites who rebuilding supported the the South), Radical and Republicans). scalawags during the Atlanta Campaign. second legislative session. (southern whites who supported the Radical Republicans).