International Seminars

I N T E R N A T I O N A L S E M I N A R S

URBAN TRANSPORT REFORMS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

S e m i n a r s f o r c i t y m a n a g e r s , p o l i c y m a k e r s , r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f T r a n s p o r t M i n i s t r i e s a n d o p e r a t o r s

July 18-22, 2005 Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Organized by : The World Bank Institute In partnership with the SSATP, the World Bank Africa Region and the financial support of the NTF Presented by: Institute for Transport Studies University of Leeds, England

1 1. Training Rationale

In Sub-Saharan Africa, most publicly-owned urban transport monopolies have collapsed during the last two decades, partly due to the attempt to maintain uneconomically low fare scales in the absence of subsidy payment. They have been replaced by a fragmented, but unsubsidized, informal sector, whose low- quality and low-safety services do not respond to the aspirations of government or users, and contribute to urban road congestion and air pollution. This deterioration of urban transport quality in the majority of African cities has led many policymakers to call for reform of urban transport policies and institutions.

Recent experiences in other regions (such as Curitiba, Bogotá, and Santiago de Chile in Latin America) suggest that it is possible to transform a very unsafe and inefficient transport system into a modern, fast, integrated and affordable urban transport system operated privately without subsidy. At the same time, however, it is recognized that Sub-Saharan African countries face very specific challenges in the urban transport sector, such as acute poverty issues, and traffic congestion and air pollution at low motorization levels, which distinguish them from countries in other regions. Governments and municipalities have also frequently proved to lack the necessary skills and capacities to design, implement and enforce policies and regulation addressing these issues. The transferability of successful experience in other regions into the African context thus poses very difficult technical and political questions.

In this context, it has become clear that capacity building programs on urban transport are necessary to refine and support the reform agenda that many African cities are trying to put in place. The objective of this seminar is to fill this gap by offering a comprehensive set of modules and case studies that will provide participants with tools to guide them through the process of reform conception, planning, and implementation in urban transport.

The training modules will cover two main broad topics, namely: (i) road space management and (ii) public transport management. In both areas it will be shown that the problems are political as well as technical, and require difficult judgments to be made on regulatory, management and financial institutions.

2 1 . P R O G R A M Monday –Urban Transport: Tuesday – Road space Wednesday –Public Thursday – Environment, Friday –Policy Conclusions the challenges management transport management Finance Institutions and

08:30-09:00 Welcome and Introduction

Group discussion: Urban land use planning Impact of urban transport Identification of key Road planning: Designing a public transport Participants case study 09:00-10:30 on the environment: transport problems in maintenance, expansion regulatory reform: and action plan proposals strategic solutions participants’ countries and financing Led by Prof Gwilliam Led by Prof Gwilliam Led by Prof Gwilliam Led by Prof Gwilliam Led by Dr .Marler 10:30- 10:45 Break Break Break Break Analyzing solutions; Redesigning the strategic Introduction to the Urban transport pricing and transport institutions: Participants case study 10:45-12:15 Urban traffic management simulation exercise service integration issues Case study of Lagos or and action plan proposals PLUTO Dakar Dr .Marler Led by Prof Gwilliam Led by Prof Gwilliam TBA Led by Dr .Marler 12 :15-13:30 Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch

Group work: Using scarce road space Planning for non motorized Financing urban transport 13:30-15:00 Running the simulation economically transport, two wheelers and Conclusions International experience model Bus Rapid Transit film the informal sector

Dr Marler Led by Prof Gwilliam Dr Marler Led by Prof Gwilliam Led by Prof Gwilliam 15:00-15:15 Break Break Break Discussion and How to improve road Case Study: Reforming Case study Private sector 15:15-17:00 interpretation of results of safety: Case study of Kwa public transport regulation in participation in finance: of the policy model exercise Zulu Natal or Accra Sri Lanka Bangkok

Led by Dr .Marler TBA Led by Prof Gwilliam Led by Prof Gwilliam

3 2 . D E T A I L E D P R O G R A M

1st day - Urban Transport in SSA: the challenges The course will begin with a group discussion of the key urban transport problems faced by participants in their own cities, and an initial examination of the strategies that might be adopted to address them. In the following session a strategic simulation exercise will be introduced, through which participants will be invited to design and test policy packages for improvement of transport in a prototypical city. This model incorporates the interactions which typically occur within an urban transport system, both between modes and locations, and forecasts the physical and financial outcomes of strategies adopted. Participants will then specify their objectives and strategies for improvement which will be run in the simulation game. In the final session of the day, participants will present and explain their results.

2nd day – Road Space Management

This day will examine a range of issues affecting the efficiency with which road space is managed and used in cities. The four sessions will look at land use planning and road planning, with particular reference to the needs to relate transport provision to land use policy; the techniques available to to properly structure and manage the use of roads by traffic; the possibilities to increase effectiveness of the use of road space by public transport priorities and bus rapid transport systems; and the measures which can be taken to improve safety in urban road transport. During this day different investment planning techniques for improving road maintenance will be discussed in the SSA context as well as in other regions.

4 3rd day – Public Transport Management

This day will be concerned primarily with the issues of managing the provision of public transport services in circumstances where they have primarily to be provided by the private transport without subsidy. The implications of alternative forms of fare and service structure will be considered, as will be the alternative ways in which service provision can be regulated through competitively tendered franchising regimes. One of the main problems of developing countries is the lack of institutional capacity to engage in a regulatory reform process. Instruments are unknown as well as the best processes for contract design, bidding and regulation. Different forms of private sector participation will be studied and special attention will be paid to the role of informal sector competition.

4th day – Environment, Institutions and Finance The first session of the day will be concerned with the impacts of urban transport on the urban environment, and particularly urban air quality. Emphasis is placed on identifying the most damaging pollutants and employing the most cost effective means of assuaging them. The importance of strategic institutional arrangements will be addressed through consideration of the case study of institutional reform in a major African city. Mobilizing finance effectively for urban transport will be the subject of the third session, while the fourth will be devoted to a further case study of attempts to mobilize private finance for urban road infrastructure investment.

5th day – Applying the lessons The final day will be taken up with the presentation and discussion of group studies of the development and application of integrated transport strategies for a number of cities represented by the participants.

5 3 . O B J E C T I V E S A N D O U P U T S O F T H E S E M I N A R S

The objectives of the seminars are to enhance in-countries capacities in:

o Analyzing the nature of the problems currently facing urban transport in Sub-Saharan Africa; o Learning about the alternative institutional and market structures which might be adopted to address these problems; o Learning how to select an appropriate type of reform for a specific city and/or country; o Learning how to implement that reform

The main outputs of the seminars will consist in (i) theoretical modules based on a policy synthesis of what we know and detailed guidance on how to reform the urban transport sector (“how to” manual including practical suggestions on using/improving tools and surveys for this type of work), (ii) case studies drawing on Sub-Saharan African experiences and (iii) All the materials will be put together on a CD which will be distributed through the SSATP network of partners.

4 . P A R T I C I P A N T S

The seminars are targeted to city managers, policy-makers, representatives of transport ministries and transport operators from a specific set of countries,

6 most of which are involved in thinking about urban transport reforms, and some of which are engaged with the Bank in program to develop their programs.

5 . S P E A K E R S

The main presentation of the materials will be undertaken by staff of the internationally famous Institute for Transport Studies of the University of Leeds, England. The program director will be Professor Ken Gwilliam, who will be assisted by Dr Nick Marler.

In addition to his distinguished academic career as professor and long time Director of ITS Professor Gwilliam was for 10 years the priincipal transport economist, and subsequently Economic Advisor to the transport sector of the World Bank. In that context he was the principal author iof the World Bank policy douments on the transport sector (Sustainable Transport, 1996), on urban transport (Cities on the Move, 2002) and on air pollution from transport (Reducing Air Pollution from Transport, 2004). He has worked and advised on transport policy issues in all regions of the World.

Dr Marler is Senior fellow in the Institute, and has extensive experience in transport planning, traffic management and engineering and transport education in developing countries. He will be primarily responsible in the course for the simulation modelling of transport policies.

6 . R E S O U R C E S A N D C A S E S T U D I E S

In addition to formal lectures the course will involve case studies of urban transport policy instruments and institutions in several countries, presented by speakers who were directly involved in them.

The urban transport strategy simulation game PLUTO was developed by staff of the Institute for Transport Studies at Leeds University, under the leadership of Professor Peter Bonsall, and is widely used in postgraduate and post-experience training.