Toxicological Impact of Amaranth, Sunset Yellow and Curcumin As Food Coloring Agents In

Toxicological impact of Amaranth, Sunset Yellow and Curcumin as Food Coloring Agents in Albino Rats.

Mohamed M.Hashem1, Attia H.Atta1*, Mahmoud S. Arbid2, Somaia A. Nada2, Samar M. Mouneir1 and Gihan Farag Asaad2

.Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt 1 .Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, KSA *1 ..Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt 2 Abstract

© J of Pak Med St. www.jpmsonline.com Volume 1, Issue 2. July-September, 2011. Page | 1 © J of Pak Med St. www.jpmsonline.com Volume 1, Issue 2. July-September, 2011. Page | 2 © J of Pak Med St. www.jpmsonline.com Volume 1, Issue 2. July-September, 2011. Page | 3 Groups Glutathione Lipid Peroxide Liver Kidney Liver Control 8.6±0.27 5.44±0.16 132 ±9.82 Amaranth (ADI) 7.13±0.31 5.51±0.09 141.89±8.98 Amaranth (10 xADI) 7.42±0.49 5.84±0.07 115.17±2.99 Sunset Yellow ADI 7.48±0.13 5.6±0.07 113.57±2.94 Sunset Yellow (10 xADI) 7.63±0.23 5.85±0.18 137±9.81 Curcumin ADI 8.5±0.84 5.7±0.17 107±3.66* Curcumin (10xADI) 9.23±0.31 5.84±0.23 73.5±3.61* Table 1: Effect of administration of amaranth, sunset yellow and curcumin in doses of ADI and 10 times ADI daily for 2 months on liver and kidney glutathione (umol/gram tissue) and lipid peroxide (

Groups ALT AST Alkaline Phosphatase Control 33.24±1.07 5 9 . 9 ± 1 . 2 110.8±2.33

Amaranth (ADI) 36.51±2.14 6 0 . 9 8 ± 1 . 4 1 116.82±3.03 Amaranth (10 xADI) 37.65±2.16 6 4 . 4 8 ± 7 . 0 3 126.73±2.74* Sunset Yellow ADI 36.86±2.59 5 9 . 5 6 ± 1 . 6 4 117.31±1.58 Sunset Yellow (10 xADI) 40.74±1.64* 6 5 . 5 2 ± 1 . 6 4 * 117.05±2.33 Curcumin ADI 38.25±1.62 5 9 . 7 3 ± 0 . 6 9 110.84±2.13 Curcumin (10 xADI) 37.78±2.33 6 1 . 7 4 ± 2 . 5 2 111.88±2.82 Table 2: Effect of amaranth, sunset yellow and curcumin in doses of ADI and 10 times ADI daily for 2 months on liver and kidney function tests in albino rats (mean ± SE, n=10).

Groups Hb content RBCs count PCV % MCV (fl=10- MCH MCHC % WBCs g/dl million/mm3 15) (pg=1012) count

Control 14.31±0.81 5.68±0.33 30.68±1.5 54.45±2.76 25.53±1.91 46.93±2.54 11.2+0.39

Amaranth ADI 14.24±0.22 5.64±0.27 30.00±0.77 53.71±2.39 25.53±1.17 47.60±1.25 11.83+0.73

Amaranth 10XADI 13.97±0.94 5.04±0.4 28.67±1.98 57.51±3.35 28.01±1.59 48.75±0.7 12.32+0.42

Sunset Yellow ADI 13.58±0.82 5.71±0.28 28.00±1.19 49.16±1.15 23.86±1.33 48.46±1.97 11.7+0.84

Sunset yellow 14.14±0.7 5.08±0.24 25.17±1.38* 50.26±4.10 28.21±2.19 37.53±1.05 9.54+0.54* 10XADI * Curcumin ADI 12.92±0.69 5.55±0.4 28.00±0.99* 49.34±3.9 24.19±2.65 47.27±1.98 11.22+0.52

Curcumin 10XADI 12.96±0.5 5.31±0.37 28.00±0.78* 54.30±3.54 25.08±1.59 46.63±2.41 9.93+0.58

Table 3: Effect of amaranth, sunset yellow and curcumin in doses of ADI and 10 times ADI daily for 2 months on blood picture of albino rats (mean ± SE, n=10)

Drug No of Total No. of Growth Skeletal Visceral Total Pregnant foeti retardation abnormalities abnormalities abnormalities Dams No. of foeti % No. of foeti % No. of % No. of foeti % foeti Control 6 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ml Distilled Water/rat Amaranth 6 36 10 27.8 9 25 3 8.3 22 61.1 47 mg/kg bwt Sunset Yellow 6 58 6 10.3 0 0 3 5.1 9 15.5 315 mg/kg bwt 7 Curcumin 6 63 2 3.2 0 0 0 0 2 3.1 157.5 mg/kg bwt Table 4: Effect of amaranth, sunset yellow and curcumin in doses of 47, 315 and 157.5 mg/kg bwt respectively (10X ADI) from day 6 to day 15 on foetal abnormalities in albino rats (n=6 ).

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