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Chandrislinesta Celebrity Cruisesiksi Välipäiväspesiaali 6A/201 5 • www.ulkomatala.net • 27.1 2.201 5 C C o s h e a a l e 1 n b d r i r t i y s L C i n r u e i s s t e a s i k s i Linjalaivat Anthony Chandris ja Chandris Line Vuonna 1 959 perustettu Chandris TEKSTI: KALLE ID Line oli ensimmäinen Chandrisin KREIKKA on yksi maailman vanhimmista merenkulku- veljesten perustamista matkusta- maista, jossa merenkulun perinteet ulottuvat vuositu- jaliikenteen varustamoista. Chan- hansien päähän. Nykyajan risteilybisneksessä Kreikka dris Line keskittyi erityisesti Eu- on kuitenkin huonosti edustettuna. Kun useampikin varustamo mainostaa ylpeänä tarjoavansa esimerkiksi roopan ja Australian välisiin siirto- italialais- tai brittiläistyylisiä risteilyitä, vain yksi varus- laiskuljetuksiin, joissa se nousikin tamo – Celestyal Cruises, joka sekin on itse asiassa johtavaksi toimijaksi 1 970-luvulla. kyproslainen – mainostaa kreikkalaistyylisiä risteilyitä. Talousvaikeudet ajoivat sen fuu- Kuitenkin yhdellä nykypäivän merkittävimmistä ris- teilybrändeistä on vahvat juuret Kreikassa, vaikka sioon vuonna 1 974. tämä näkyykin pääasiassa enää yhtiön korsteenimer- kissä: Celebrity Cruisesin valkoinen X, kreikkalaisten Chandris Linen suurin alus Australis kuvattuna Sydneyssä laivan uran alkuvuosina. aakkosten kh-yhdistelmää tarkoittava merkki, kun- Kuva: John Mathiesen, R. A. Priestin kokoelmista nioittaa yhtiön alkuperäisen omistajasuvun Chand- 2 C h C a o e n s le d a b r 1 r is it L y in C e ru s i ta se s ik si Linjalaivat Chandris Linesta Celebrity Cruisesiksi, osa 1 /4. Alkujaan Ulkomatalan numeroissa 1 0/2009- 3/201 0 ilmestyneessä sarjassa kartoitamme Anthony Chandris ja Chandrisin suvun perustamien matkustajavarus- tamoiden historiaa 1 950-luvulta nykypäivään. Tämän osan aiheena on Euroopasta Austra- Chandris Line liaan liikennöinyt Chandris Line. ris'n perintöä. Celebrity Cruisesin historian voikin nostusta matkustajaliikenteeseen – mutta vain väliai- katsoa alkaneen 1 950-luvun lopulla, jolloin laivanva- kaisesti. rustaja John Dimitrios Chandrisin pojat perustivat molemmat tahoillaan uuden matkustajaliikenteen va- Toisen maailmansodan jälkeen Australian valtio aloitti rustamon. aktiivisen ohjelman mantereen väkiluvun kasvattami- seksi. Pyrkimyksenä oli väkiluvun kasvattaminen vä- Siirtolaiskuljetukset Australiaan hintään kahdella prosentilla vuodessa, mikä vaati mi- nimissään 70 000 siirtolaisen tuloa maahan vuosittain. Chandris'n veljekset Anthony ja Dimitri olivat peri- Alkujaan tulijoita houkuteltiin lähes yksinomaan Bri- neet vuonna 1 946 isänsä Johnin perustaman rahtiva- tanniasta ja Pohjois-Euroopasta, mutta tulijoita ei rustamon. Veljeksiä kiinnosti kuitenkin toiminnan laa- riittänyt tarpeeksi tavoitteiden saavuttamiseksi. Tästä jentaminen matkustajaliikenteeseen, ja he olivat mu- johtuen 1 950-luvun alkuvuosina siirtolaisia alettiin kana vuonna 1 948 brittiläisen Charlton Steamship ottaa vastaan myös eteläisestä Euroopasta, jossa ha- Companyn yrityksessä saada osansa siirtolaiskulje- lukkaita lähtijöitä oli ennen kaikkea Italiassa ja Krei- tuksista Euroopasta Australiaan ja Etelä-Amerikkaan. kassa. Italialaiset saattoivat matkustaa uuteen koti- Hankkeen epäonnistuminen vähensi veljesten kiin- maahansa “omilla” laivoillaan Lloyd Triestinon tai Flot- 3 pohjalla. Laivan uusi nimi oli RHMS Patris ("kotimaa"); Taiteilijan näkemys Patrisista laivan Chandris-uran RHMS-etuliite (Royal Hellenic Mail Ship) oli seuraus- alkuvaiheilta. Myöhemmin laivan kyljessä ollut sininen raita ta Anthony Chandrisin Kreikan valtion kanssa teke- maalattiin yli. Kuva: Postikortti, Rami Wirrankosken kokoelmat mästä postinkuljetussopimuksesta. Chandrisin liiken- teessä 1 6 259 brt:n alus kuljetti 1 076 matkustajaa. Patris lähti ensimmäiselle matkalleen Piraeuksesta 1 9. ta Lauron aluksilla (Flotta Lauron historiaa käsiteltiin joulukuuta 1 959, ja määräsatama Sydney’in saavuttiin Ulkomatalan numerossa 6/2009). Kreikkalaista varus- kolme viikkoa myöhemmin. Koska matkustajia oli tamoa Australian liikenteessä ei kuitenkaan ollut. Australian suuntaan huomattavasti enemmän kuin ta- Anthony Chandris näki tässä mahdollisuuden uuden kaisin Eurooppaan, oli Anthony Chandris hankkinut varustamon perustamiseen ja alkoi 1 950-luvun lopul- paluumatkoja varten sopimuksen pakastetun austra- la etsiä Kreikan ja Australian väliseen liikenteeseen lialaisen naudan- ja lampaanlihan kuljettamisesta sopivaa alusta. Egyptiin ja Kreikkaan. Chandris Line syntyy Jo ensimmäisten matkojen perusteella Patris oli me- nestys, ja Anthony Chandris alkoi etsiä toista alusta Anthony Chandris perusti Greek Australia Line -va- sen pariksi. Joulukuussa 1 960 Chandris rahtasi rans- rustamon, joka hankki lokakuussa 1 959 omistuk- kalaiselta Société Générale de Transport Maritimes seensa Union-Castle Linen yhdeksän vuotta vanhan -varustamolta matkustaja-alus Bretagnen, joka oli Bloemfontein Castlen. Alus oli lähes täydellinen uu- 1 6 644 brt:n vetoisena ja 1 200 matkustajan den varustamon tarpeisiin: se oli rakennettu Britan- kapasiteetilla lähes täydellinen linjapari Patrikselle. nian ja Etelä-Afrikan välistä siirtolaisliikennettä varten Bretagnen hankintasopimus oli monimutkainen: ja oli näin lämpimillä vesillä tapahtuviin siirtolaiskul- Chandris rahtasi laivan kahdeksitoista kuukaudeksi, jetuksiin suunniteltu. Union-Castle Line ei alusta enää minkä jälkeen se siirtyisi kokonaan varustamon omis- tarvinnut, sillä Etelä-Afrikan tiukentuneen maahan- tukseen. Laiva kuitenkin säilyi vielä kuusi kuukautta muuttopolitiikan vuoksi siirtolaiskuljetukset maahan tämän jälkeen Ranskan lipun alla ranskalaisen työnte- olivat tyrehtyneet. Bloemfontein Castle uudistettiin kijäjärjestön vaatimuksesta. Sopimuksen mukaan lai- North Shieldsissä (Newcastle) ja maalattiin uuden van nimeä ei myöskään saanut muuttaa sen ollessa omistajansa väreihin: kokovalkoiseksi lukuun ottamat- Ranskan lipun alla. ta korsteenia, jossa oli valkoinen X-kirjain sinisellä 4 Alkujaan Bretagne oli tarkoitus asettaa linjaliikentee- voja Yhdysvaltojen länsirannikolta Havaijille ja Aust- seen Britannian, Kreikan ja Australian välille touko- raliaan, mutta erityisesti Havaijin-linja alkoi jo 1 950- kuussa 1 961 , mutta aluksen ollessa telakalla Chandris luvun lopulla kärsiä lentoliikenteen aiheuttamasta rahtasi aluksen kolmeksi kuukaudeksi yhdysvaltalai- kilpailusta. Kun vielä Lurline kärsi konerikon alkuvuo- selle Caribbean Cruise Linelle. Anthony Chandris oli desta 1 963, Matson makuutti vuonna 1 933 valmistu- mukana Bretagnen ensimmäisellä risteilyllä New Yor- neen laivan ja laittoi sen myyntiin. Chandris Line kista Karibialle, mikä sai hänet kiinnostumaan Yhdys- valtojen risteilymarkkinoista. Patrisista poiketen Bre- tagnen omistaja ei ollut Greek Australia Line vaan toinen Chandrisin omistama varustamo, Europe Australia Line. Pian vaihtelevista nimistä luovuttiin, ja varustamon nimeksi vakiintui Chandris Line. Syys- kuussa 1 961 Bretagne aloitti linjaliikenteen Austra- liaan. Seuraavana kesänä alus palasi Yhdysvaltojen ris- teilyliikenteeseen, nyt Chandris Linen markkinoimana. Samassa yhteydessä Bretagne siirrettiin Kreikan re- kisteriin, ja sen nimi muutettiin muotoon RHMS Brit- tany. Laivan ura Chandrisin laivastossa jäi kuitenkin lyhyeksi, sillä jo keväällä 1 963 se tuhoutui telakoinnin yhteydessä syttyneessä tulipalossa. Yllä: Virallisten lähteiden mukaan Bretagne kulki Kreikan Uutta tonnistoaYhdysvalloista lipun alla nimellä Brittany. Tässä kuvassa laiva on kuitenkin alkuperäisellä nimellään mutta salossa liehuu Kreikan lippu. Chandris Line tarvitsi nopeasti korvaajan Brittanylle. Kuva: Rami Wirrankosken kokoelmat Alla: Bretagnen korvasi huomattavasti sitä suurempi Ellinis, Yhtiön kannalta onnekkaasti sellainen löytyikin jo sa- joka oli ensimmäinen Chandris'n Yhdysvalloista hankkimista mana vuonna yhdysvaltalaisen Matson Linen linjalaiva linjalaivoista. Kuva: Postikortti, Rami Wirrankosken kokoelmat Lurlinen (1 ) muodossa. Matson operoi matkustajalai- 5 Vaikuttava ilmakuva Australisista vuoden 1 968 jälkeen, jolloin laiva sai telakoinnissa harmaan rungon. Kirjoittajalla ei ole tietoa, miksi rungon väri muutettiin; muut varustamon laivat pysyivät edelleen kokovalkoisina. Huomaa myös, että laivan etummainen korsteeni on valekorsteeni. Kuva: Postikortti, Rami Wirrankosken kokoelmat 6 hankki laivan omistukseensa, ja sitä uudistettiin laa- jasti telakalla Britanniassa: muun muassa keula raken- nettiin uudestaan, korsteenit vaihdettiin ja sisätiloja muutettiin radikaalisti; alkujaan Lurline kuljetti vain ensimmäisen luokan matkustajia, mutta nyt sen mat- kustajatilat ja hytit muutettiin turistiluokan vaatimuk- sia vastaaviksi. Uudistusten jälkeen 1 668 matkustajaa kuljettanut 24 351 brt:n laiva sai uudeksi nimekseen RHMS Ellinis (vapaasti käännettynä "Kreikan neito"), ja se asetettiin joulukuussa 1 963 Britannian, Kreikan ja Australian väliseen liikenteeseen. Ellinis oli kuitenkin vain ensimmäinen Chandris Linen hankkimista alkujaan yhdysvaltalaisista linjalaivoista. Siirtolaiskuljetukset Australiaan tuottivat hyvin. Kun samaan aikaan yhdysvaltalaiset matkustajavarustamot Yllä: Taiteilijan näkemys Queen Fredericasta. Koska laiva oli kamppailivat nousevien kulujen ja lentoliikenteen ai- nimetty Kreikan kuningattaren mukaan, ei sitä ymmärrettä- heuttaman matkustajakadon kanssa, oli yhdysvalta- vistä syistä nimetty uudelleen. laisten laivojen ostaminen Chandris’lle looginen liike. Kuva: Postikortti, Rami Wirrankosken kokoelmat Alla: Queen Frederica alkuperäisasussaan Matson Linen Elokuussa 1 965 Ellinis sai linjaparikseen RHMS Aust- Malolona. Matalalle sijoitetut pelastusveneet
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