Classification Notes Outline

Name ______Date______per____

▸ Binomial Nomenclature -

▸ The first part of the name is ______. The second part of the name is ______.

EX – “Homo” is the ______, “sapiens” is the ______.

▸ The 5 Rules of Nomenclature:

1. The ______is a noun and is ______

2. The ______is an adjective and is ______

3. If writing by hand ______each word ______

4. If typing the name ______it

5. If used repeatedly first write it fully out, then you can ______the Genus (Ex. H. sapiens)

Hierarchical System is

D______, K______, P______, C______, O______, F______, G______, S______

Phylogeny

Phylogeny is the study of ______among organisms.

When a lineage splits (speciation), it is represented as branching on a phylogeny. When a speciation event occurs, a single ancestral lineage gives rise to two or more daughter lineages

Cladogram

▸ Diagram used to REMEMBER: Viruses – NONLIVING

▸ Cell Type: NONE because ______

▸ Cell wall: Not a cell just a ______

▸ Body Type: N/A

▸ Nutrition: N/A

▸ Reproduction: Replication requiring a host cell

▸ Examples: influenza and HIV and Ebola

Lytic Cycle – virus enters, makes copies, and then causes cell to burst (Ex. )

Lysogenic Cycle – virus integrates DNA into host DNA and stays dormant replicating; later going into lytic cycle (ex. )

6 KINGDOMS

Bacteria (Archae and Eubacteria)

How are bacteria classified?

1. 2. 3.

Cell Shape

coccus (cocci)- bacillus (bacilli)- spirilli -

Cell Wall

a. Gram positive ______the dye and looks ______

• These bacteria have a single cell wall layer made of ______. (strep/staph)

b. Gram negative ______the dye (has a ______) and look ______

• Gram negative bacteria are usually more resistant to ______(like penicillin) and cause more severe infections.(menengitis/gonorrhorea)

How They Use Energy

Bacteria have various relationships with oxygen. Some require it to live, others die if exposed to it. ◦ ______- these bacteria require ______(ex. Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

◦ ______- these bacteria live in the ______of oxygen. (Ex. Clostridium botulinum)

◦ ______- They dont require ______to survive, but aren’t killed by it. (ex. E. coli)

CHART – FILL IN ARCHAEBACTERIA & EUBACTERIA

▸ Bacteria are BOTH helpful and harmful:

Diseases Caused by Bacteria:

Protista Kingdom

CHART –FILL IN THE PROTIST

How Protists Move!!

▸ Flagella-

▸ Cilia-

▸ Pseudopod-

Diseases associated with Animal- like protists:

Plant-Like Protists

Can be unicellular and/or ______

Some Examples good and Bad:

Fungus-Like Protists (cellular slime mold, Acellular slime mold, water mold)

▸ UNLIKE true fungi because:______

▸ Caused what disease in crops:

Fungi Kingdom GO TO YOUR CHART – AND FILL IN THE FUNGI COLUMN

▸ Once the ______enter the insect's body, they ______rapidly and ______body tissues

______Effects of ______

▸ 1. Plant Diseases From Fungi

Corn Smut-

Mildews-

Factors that ______fungal growth = ______

2. Fungi will ______.

3. Fungi cause ______:

(Athlete's Foot, Ring Worm, Yeast Infections)

______effects for Humans

1. Penicillin mold :

2. Some are ______:

3. Used in food ______:

Fungi are also ______to the ______!

1. Fungi are ______,

2. Lichen – has a ______relationship (______) Fungus + Algae. - Fungus gets -The algae get

3. Mycorrhizae – a ______relationship (mutualistic)

Fungus + Plant roots. Fungal hyphae extend into the ______and ______, helping the plant ______nutrients.

Plant provides the fungi with

Plantae Kingdom

GO TO YOUR CHART – AND FILL IN THE PLANTAE COLUMN

Animalia Kingdom

GO TO YOUR CHART – AND FILL IN THE ANIMALIA COLUMN

Asymmetry means: ______

Radial symmetry means: ______

Bilateral symmetry means: ______

Body Plan: Coelom is a fluid filled body cavity that is lined with tissue derived from mesoderm.

INVERTEBRATES – animals with NO ______or vertebral column.

 ______: asymmetry & acoelomate

 ______: bilateral (flatworms = acoelomate) (Roundworms = pseudocoelom) (Segmented = true coelom)  ______: radial & acoelomate

 ______: bilateral & true coelom (Gastropods =______) (Bivalves = ______) ( Cephalalopods = headfoot/tentacles)

 ______: bilateral (Crustaceans=2 body segments) (Spiders=2 body segments) (Insects=3 body segments)

 ______: radial & coelom

CHORDATES

▸ Four structural characteristics set chordates apart from all other phyla:

◦ ◦ ______(provides support (it acts like our backbone) and increases swimming efficiency) ◦ ______(respiratory structures) ◦ ______(follow the anus with a tail of variable length -again, an adaptation for locomotion). Important Vocab.

◦ Ectotherm –

◦ Endotherm –

▸ Heart

▸ Temperature control:

▸ Respiration:

Class Agnathans (______) Class Chondrichthyes (______)

▸ Examples: ▸ Examples:

▸ Skeleton Type: ▸ Skeleton Type: ▸ Heart: ▸ Respiration: lungs

▸ Respiration: Class Aves (______)

▸ Examples:

▸ Heart:

Class Osteictheys (______) ▸ Temperature control:

▸ Examples: ▸ Respiration: lungs

▸ Skeleton Type:

▸ Heart: Class Mammalia

▸ Temperature control: ▸ Examples:

▸ Respiration: ▸ Heart:

Class Amphibia = “______” ▸ Respiration: lungs

▸ Examples:

▸ Heart:

▸ Respiration:

Mammalia Reproduction Diversity

Class Reptilia ▸ Monotreme –

▸ Examples: ◦

▸ Heart: ▸ Marsupial –

▸ Temperature control: ◦

▸ Placental – ◦