<p>Name ______Date______per____</p><p>Classification Notes Outline</p><p>▸ Binomial Nomenclature - </p><p>▸ The first part of the name is ______. The second part of the name is ______. </p><p>EX – “Homo” is the ______, “sapiens” is the ______.</p><p>▸ The 5 Rules of Nomenclature:</p><p>1. The ______is a noun and is ______</p><p>2. The ______is an adjective and is ______</p><p>3. If writing by hand ______each word ______</p><p>4. If typing the name ______it</p><p>5. If used repeatedly first write it fully out, then you can ______the Genus (Ex. H. sapiens)</p><p>Hierarchical System is </p><p>D______, K______, P______, C______, O______, F______, G______, S______</p><p>Phylogeny </p><p>Phylogeny is the study of ______among organisms.</p><p>When a lineage splits (speciation), it is represented as branching on a phylogeny. When a speciation event occurs, a single ancestral lineage gives rise to two or more daughter lineages</p><p>Cladogram</p><p>▸ Diagram used to REMEMBER: Viruses – NONLIVING</p><p>▸ Cell Type: NONE because ______</p><p>▸ Cell wall: Not a cell just a ______</p><p>▸ Body Type: N/A</p><p>▸ Nutrition: N/A</p><p>▸ Reproduction: Replication requiring a host cell</p><p>▸ Examples: influenza and HIV and Ebola</p><p>Lytic Cycle – virus enters, makes copies, and then causes cell to burst (Ex. )</p><p>Lysogenic Cycle – virus integrates DNA into host DNA and stays dormant replicating; later going into lytic cycle (ex. )</p><p>6 KINGDOMS</p><p>Bacteria (Archae and Eubacteria)</p><p>How are bacteria classified?</p><p>1. 2. 3. </p><p>Cell Shape</p><p> coccus (cocci)- bacillus (bacilli)- spirilli -</p><p>Cell Wall</p><p> a. Gram positive ______the dye and looks ______</p><p>• These bacteria have a single cell wall layer made of ______. (strep/staph)</p><p> b. Gram negative ______the dye (has a ______) and look ______</p><p>• Gram negative bacteria are usually more resistant to ______(like penicillin) and cause more severe infections.(menengitis/gonorrhorea)</p><p>How They Use Energy</p><p>Bacteria have various relationships with oxygen. Some require it to live, others die if exposed to it. ◦ ______- these bacteria require ______(ex. Mycobacterium tuberculosis)</p><p>◦ ______- these bacteria live in the ______of oxygen. (Ex. Clostridium botulinum)</p><p>◦ ______- They dont require ______to survive, but aren’t killed by it. (ex. E. coli)</p><p>CHART – FILL IN ARCHAEBACTERIA & EUBACTERIA</p><p>▸ Bacteria are BOTH helpful and harmful: </p><p>Diseases Caused by Bacteria:</p><p>Protista Kingdom</p><p>CHART –FILL IN THE PROTIST </p><p>How Protists Move!!</p><p>▸ Flagella- </p><p>▸ Cilia- </p><p>▸ Pseudopod- </p><p>Diseases associated with Animal- like protists: </p><p>Plant-Like Protists</p><p>Can be unicellular and/or ______</p><p>Some Examples good and Bad: </p><p>Fungus-Like Protists (cellular slime mold, Acellular slime mold, water mold)</p><p>▸ UNLIKE true fungi because:______</p><p>▸ Caused what disease in crops:</p><p>Fungi Kingdom GO TO YOUR CHART – AND FILL IN THE FUNGI COLUMN</p><p>▸ Once the ______enter the insect's body, they ______rapidly and ______body tissues</p><p>______Effects of ______</p><p>▸ 1. Plant Diseases From Fungi</p><p>Corn Smut- </p><p>Mildews- </p><p>Factors that ______fungal growth = ______</p><p>2. Fungi will ______.</p><p>3. Fungi cause ______:</p><p>(Athlete's Foot, Ring Worm, Yeast Infections)</p><p>______effects for Humans</p><p>1. Penicillin mold :</p><p>2. Some are ______: </p><p>3. Used in food ______:</p><p>– </p><p>Fungi are also ______to the ______!</p><p>1. Fungi are ______,</p><p>2. Lichen – has a ______relationship (______) Fungus + Algae. - Fungus gets -The algae get </p><p>3. Mycorrhizae – a ______relationship (mutualistic) </p><p>Fungus + Plant roots. Fungal hyphae extend into the ______and ______, helping the plant ______nutrients. </p><p>Plant provides the fungi with </p><p>Plantae Kingdom</p><p>GO TO YOUR CHART – AND FILL IN THE PLANTAE COLUMN</p><p>Animalia Kingdom</p><p>GO TO YOUR CHART – AND FILL IN THE ANIMALIA COLUMN</p><p>Asymmetry means: ______</p><p>Radial symmetry means: ______</p><p>Bilateral symmetry means: ______</p><p>Body Plan: Coelom is a fluid filled body cavity that is lined with tissue derived from mesoderm.</p><p>INVERTEBRATES – animals with NO ______or vertebral column.</p><p> ______: asymmetry & acoelomate</p><p> ______: bilateral (flatworms = acoelomate) (Roundworms = pseudocoelom) (Segmented = true coelom)  ______: radial & acoelomate</p><p> ______: bilateral & true coelom (Gastropods =______) (Bivalves = ______) ( Cephalalopods = headfoot/tentacles)</p><p> ______: bilateral (Crustaceans=2 body segments) (Spiders=2 body segments) (Insects=3 body segments)</p><p></p><p> ______: radial & coelom</p><p>CHORDATES </p><p>▸ Four structural characteristics set chordates apart from all other phyla:</p><p>◦ ◦ ______(provides support (it acts like our backbone) and increases swimming efficiency) ◦ ______(respiratory structures) ◦ ______(follow the anus with a tail of variable length -again, an adaptation for locomotion). Important Vocab.</p><p>◦ Ectotherm – </p><p>◦ Endotherm – </p><p>▸ Heart </p><p>▸ Temperature control: </p><p>▸ Respiration: </p><p>Class Agnathans (______) Class Chondrichthyes (______)</p><p>▸ Examples: ▸ Examples: </p><p>▸ Skeleton Type: ▸ Skeleton Type: ▸ Heart: ▸ Respiration: lungs</p><p>▸ Temperature control: </p><p>▸ Respiration: Class Aves (______)</p><p>▸ Examples: </p><p>▸ Heart: </p><p>Class Osteictheys (______) ▸ Temperature control: </p><p>▸ Examples: ▸ Respiration: lungs</p><p>▸ Skeleton Type: </p><p>▸ Heart: Class Mammalia</p><p>▸ Temperature control: ▸ Examples: </p><p>▸ Respiration: ▸ Heart: </p><p>▸ Temperature control: </p><p>Class Amphibia = “______” ▸ Respiration: lungs</p><p>▸ Examples: </p><p>▸ Heart: </p><p>▸ Temperature control: </p><p>▸ Respiration: </p><p>Mammalia Reproduction Diversity</p><p>Class Reptilia ▸ Monotreme – </p><p>▸ Examples: ◦ </p><p>▸ Heart: ▸ Marsupial – </p><p>▸ Temperature control: ◦ </p><p>▸ Placental – ◦</p><p>◦</p><p>◦</p><p>◦</p><p>◦</p>