Unit Two: the Individual in Society

Sociology, grade 12 2016/2017 Aliaa El Sawy Unit Two: The Individual In society Chapter 5: Socializing The Individual Section One: Personality Development Sociological Terms and Definitions: 1 ) personality: the sum total of behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values that are characteristic of an individual 2 )heredity: the transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to children 3 ) instinct: an unchanging, biologically inherited behavior pattern 4 ) sociobiology: the systematic study of the biological basis of all social behavior 6 ) aptitude: a capacity to learn a particular skill or acquire a specific body of knowledge 7 ) feral children: wild or untamed children who have been raised without the influence of a social environment

Self Evaluating Questions

A) Answer the Following Questions: 1) Main Idea: List and describe the four principal factors that influence personality development. 2) What effect does the lack of human contact have on feral children and institutional children? 3) Explain: What do most modern social scientists think about the roles of nature and nurture in shaping personality?

4) Recall: What are some of the parental characteristics that can influence a child’s personality?

5) Identify Cause and Effect: How did isolation affect the feral kids, Anna, Isabelle, and Genie? 6) Find the Main Idea: How do heredity, birth order, parental characteristics, and cultural environment influence personality? 7) What are the four main factors that affect personality development? 8) Summarize: What arguments have been made to support each side in the nature versus nurture debate? 9) Argument supporting nature: Scientists claimed that instinctual drives were responsible for everything. 10) Argument supporting nurture: Pavlov’s research with the behavior of dogs suggested that humans could be taught supposedly instinctual behavior.

B ) TRUE/FALSE Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false. If false explain why.

_____ 1. Instinct is a changing, biologically inherited behavior pattern.

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_____ 2. Our personalities are not influenced by whether or not we have siblings or by the number or type of siblings we have.

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_____ 3. Cultural environments determine the basic types of personalities that will be found in a society.

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_____ 4. Subcultural differences, such as the type of neighborhood in which an individual is raised, influence personality.

1 Sociology, grade 12 2016/2017 Aliaa El Sawy ______

_____ 5. Sociologists have found that the institutionalization of infants can result in slower development of their mental, physical, and emotional skills.

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C ) Write The Sociological Terms:

1 ) ______the sum total of behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values that are characteristic of an individual 2 ) ______: the transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to children 3 ) ______: an unchanging, biologically inherited behavior pattern 4 ) ______: the systematic study of the biological basis of all social behavior 6 ) ______: a capacity to learn a particular skill or acquire a specific body of knowledge 7 ) ______: wild or untamed children who have been raised without the influence of a social environment

Answers A) Answer the Following Questions: 1) A ) Nature: heredity; characteristics that are present at birth, such as body build, hair type, eye color, aptitude and skin pigmentation. Hereditary characteristics include certain aptitudes.

B ) Nurture: birth order, The order in which we are born into our families also influences our personalities. People born first or last in a family have a different perspective than people born in the middle. // parental characteristics, Personality development in children is also influenced by the characteristics of their parents. e.g. age, education, religious orientation, economic status, cultural heritage, and occupational background. // The cultural environment determines the basic types of personalities that will be found in a society. Each culture gives rise to a series of personality traits that are typical of members of that society. 2) difficulty with attachment to others and developmental delays 3) They think both nature and nurture are factors in shaping personality. 4) ethnicity, religion, race, education level, economic status 5) Anna, Isabelle, and Genie were not able to be socialized due to their lack of contact with the outside world. Since children learn their culture from their parents and others in their environment, these girls missed out on a major part of personality development, causing them to be profoundly affected and delayed. 6) All four factors intermingle to develop a person’s unique personality; heredity establishes tendencies, and the other factors influence how those tendencies develop. 7) heredity, birth order, parental characteristics, and cultural environment 8) Argument supporting nature: Scientists claimed that instinctual drives were responsible for everything. Argument supporting nurture: Pavlov’s research with the behavior of dogs suggested that humans could be taught supposedly instinctual behavior.

B ) TRUE/FALSE Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false. If false explain why.

1. F; unchanging // 2. F; birth order influences personality // 3. T // 4. T // 5. T

C ) Write The Sociological Terms: Refer to your sheet.

2 Sociology, grade 12 2016/2017 Aliaa El Sawy