United States Energy Association GLOBAL WORKSHOP ON GRID CONNECTED RENEWABLE ENERGY

GE Wind Plant and Industry Overview Ronald J Brzezinski: Commercial Manager GE Energy September, 2009 2008 US Wind Industry Highlights

•1.25 percent of US electricity in 2008 •Could be 20 percent by 2030 •Over 40% of new capacity installed (8,500MW) •$17 Billion invested in economy •USA surpassed Germany - most Wind Capacity •25,000MW total US installed in 35 States •85,000 people employed in US Wind Industry •Up from 50,000 people in 2007

Source: American Wind Energy Association (AWEA)

2 / USEA Presentation / September, 2009 Key to Industry Growth: Policy, Policy, Policy (or lack of Policy)

Source: 3 / USEA Presentation / American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) September, 2009 The Past…

Small industry trying to grow into mainstream Wind turbine generators required to go off-line if grid anomaly

4 / USEA Presentation / September, 2009 The Present… Moving to the mainstream Large global companies have entered wind industry Transitioning from wind turbines to wind plants Utilities understanding and Investing in wind FERC, NERC, ISOs creating requirements for Wind Units required to remain on-line if grid anomaly
Making wind plants behave like conventional plants
Stabilizing, Standardizing Technology

5 / USEA Presentation / September, 2009 The Future… Integrate generation portfolio mix Refine wind generation scheduling & forecasting (dispatch) Adapt regulatory mechanisms to accommodate Wind (for example, Renewable Energy Credits) Institutionalize education/training (Community Colleges, Universities)

6 / USEA Presentation / September, 2009 Industry Dynamics 2009 2030

Powering the world … responsibly Technology diversity is critical

Diverse Efficient

Nuclear Emissions Clean Coal Gas Wind Reliability + Efficiency Oil Geothermal Biomass Driving cost of electricity down Solar

Affordable, reliable & environmentally responsible

10 / USEA Presentation / September, 2009 Wind Turbine Generator (WTG): Overview Wind – our Fuel

12 / USEA Presentation / September, 2009 Principles of Wind Turbines The basic idea is to convert one energy form to another

Kinetic Mechanical Electrical Energy Energy Energy

13 / USEA Presentation / September, 2009 Wind Turbine Fundamentals

GE Wind Energy Power Curves

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800 1.5 S kW

1.5 SLE 600 1.5 XLE 400

200

0

.0 .0 .0 .0 .5 .5 .0 14 / 0 1.5 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 0 3 6.5 1 1 12.0 1 15.0 1 18.0 19.5 2 22.5 24.0 USEA Presentation / Wind Speed (m/s) September, 2009 Velocity Cubed ……Power and Speed

Ship Propulsion Wind Turbine

Power In/Out Heat Engine or Hi Speed Shaft Low Speed Shaft Relative Fluid Electrical Machine And Gearbox And Prop Velocity

15 / USEA Presentation / September, 2009 Velocity Cubed ……Power and Speed

To take a ship from 14 knots to 16 knots requires almost 50% more Power. (16/14)^3 = 1.49

The same relationship applies to a wind turbine.

An average 16 knot wind farm delivers almost 50% more energy than a 14 knot.

Therefore……….. Location, Location, Location.

16 / USEA Presentation / September, 2009 USA Wind Resource

Source: NREL

17 / USEA Presentation / September, 2009 Wind Plant: a distributed generation system Wind Farm Basic Layout

 Wind turbine generators  Pad mounted transformers  Power cables, control circuits, protection, and SCADA  Substation transformer  Point of interconnection

19 / USEA Presentation / September, 2009 Reasonable Turbine Layout • Minimize wake effects – Favorable for energy capture and loads • Minimum turbine spacing – 7-10 D (D=Rotor Diameter) parallel to prevailing wind – 3-5 D perpendicular to prevailing wind

Wind Direction

20 / USEA Presentation / September, 2009 Wind Turbine Generator: Installation InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview InstallationInstallation OverviewOverview Technology for the next decade Wind Solar

Blades Breakthrough • Sweep area technology • Logistics • Thin film • Carbon fiber • Nano scale materials Controls • Concentrators • Mark VI • Load management • Model driven Drives • Compact • High reliability • Light-weight Reliability • Remote monitoring • Return to service • Upgrades

Technology that drives lower COE & higher reliability 41 / USEA Presentation / September, 2009 Looking Ahead …

• Global energy demand expected to nearly double by 2030

• Increasing environmental requirements a global challenge

• Renewables is part of the solution … balanced portfolio key

42 / USEA Presentation / September, 2009 United States Energy Association GLOBAL WORKSHOP ON GRID CONNECTED RENEWABLE ENERGY

Thank you for your attention GE Wind Plant and Industry Overview Ronald J Brzezinski: Commercial Manager GE Energy September, 2009