Vietnamese and English Sounds

List below are Vietnamese words approximately corresponding to English sounds.

Letter Word English Sound a ba, ca a as in father ă năm, lăm similar to a but shorter like in shock â câm, mâm almost like the vowel in but o lo, to oo as in door or more ô cô, tô o as in go, but a little shorter ơ bơ, sơ uh as in love e le, me e as in bet ê bê, lê similar to a in state, but shorter u lu, tu oo as in room ư lư, sư oo as in book i bi, hi ee in heed y ly, Ty ee as in beet b ba, bi b as in boy c ca, cô k as in kitten used before a, o, u ch cha, cho similar to, but not the same, as in choose d do, du z as in zoo (northern); y as in young đ đa, đo d as in done g ga, go g as in game gh ghe, ghi g as in game but add h in writing before e, ê, i gi gia, giang z as in zoo (northern); y as in young h ha, ho h as in hat k kem, kê k as in kill kh khi, khe like k & h combine sound l la, lu l as in Luke m má, minh m as in man n na, ni n as in name ng Nga, ngu ng as in long ngh nghe, nghĩa as ng used before e, i nh nha, nhi ny as in menu, onion p cáp, đáp p as in top, only used in final position ph pha, phe f as in Phil qu qua, qui kw as in quick r ra, ru r as in raw s sa, su s as in see t ta, to t as in top th tha, thi similar to t as in time tr tra, tri tr as in tree v va, vi v as in van x xa, xu s as in song