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Copyright by Daniel Joseph Mauro 2020 The Dissertation Committee for Daniel Joseph Mauro Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Locating the Politics of Amateur Media Committee: Caroline Frick, Supervisor Michael Baskett Wenhong Chen Mary Celeste Kearney Shanti Kumar Locating the Politics of Amateur Media by Daniel Joseph Mauro Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2020 Dedication For my parents and grandparents. Acknowledgements First and foremost, I thank my supervisor, Caroline Frick, for her patience, humor, guidance, inspiration, pragmatism, and support during my time at the University of Texas at Austin. This project has evolved greatly thanks to her insight and critique and would not have been possible without her wisdom and vision. Caroline has always supported my interest in a career in the museum field and has been a role model for me both personally and professionally. I also greatly appreciate the support and invaluable insights of my doctoral committee: Michael Baskett, Wenhong Chen, Mary Celeste Kearney, and Shanti Kumar. Many thanks for their time, encouragement, and thoughtful feedback throughout my graduate studies. Michael has been a mentor to me since my time at the University of Kansas and challenged me to become a better scholar and teacher. Wenhong broadened my perspective on the study of digital media and invited me to be a part of several exciting research projects. Mary has been an inspiration, from reading Girls Make Media, to seeing her admirable support of graduate students, to having many conversations about amateur media when drafting my dissertation proposal. Shanti engrained in me a strong sense of critical theory that helped me throughout my academic studies, especially the theoretical framework for this project. I would also like to thank Laura Stein, whose earlier involvement in this project greatly shaped my perspective on alternative media and the ultimate direction for the dissertation. For their professional support over the past few years, I am greatly indebted to Cara Biasucci at the McCombs School of Business, Jess Miner at Harvard University, v Annamaria Motrescu-Mayes at Cambridge University, Ron Magliozzi and Sophie Cavoulacos at The Museum of Modern Art, and all of my colleagues at Glenstone Museum. To my friends and colleagues in Austin, thank you for making my time in Texas so memorable: Anna Banchik, Morgan Blue, Alex Cho, Sujin Choi, Stuart Davis, Julian Etienne, Xuefeng Feng, Melissa Geppert, Erika GraJeda, Elizabeth Hansen, Daryl Harris, Jacob Hustedt, Kei Kai-Ro, Jessalynn Keller, Amanda Landa, Jia Liu, Yi Lu, Caitlin McClune, Heidi Moner, William Moner, Bao Nguyen, Bryan Robison, Suzanne Schulz, Ali Sengul, Michael Sherer, and many more. My time in Austin was further enriched with many fond memories of Daryl Carr, whom we lost too soon. Thank you also to my friends from various stages in my life, from Western New York, to Kansas, to Tokyo, to D.C. I am forever grateful for the love and encouragement of my parents Ron and Susie, my brother John, sister-in-law Yihong, and niece Sofia, as well as my extended family (especially Marisa and Charley in Austin) and my “adopted” family, the Cozens. I could not have done this without you. And a very special thanks for the ongoing love, support, Jokes, songs, dances, and general antics of Dr. Meow and our cats. Thank you for your companionship and having the unique ability to make even the most stressful situations fun. I look forward to many Caturdays ahead. vi Locating the Politics of Amateur Media Daniel Joseph Mauro, Ph.D. The University of Texas at Austin, 2020 Supervisor: Caroline Frick Amateur media are increasingly and more rapidly a part of broader discourses relevant to the politics of the everyday. As amateur media continue to evolve, expand, and permeate daily practice, communication, and politics, our understanding of amateur media and their power to impact structural change must also evolve. This dissertation examines the changing ways in which we may locate politics in amateur media, arguing that amateur media are best understood as inherently political objects. This project explores what makes an object of amateur media political, where we locate the politics of this object both internally and externally, and how these politics change over time. This dissertation proposes the concept of informal media politics to account more fully for the range of ways in which amateur media may or may not actively engage in the political, from the seemingly nonpolitical to the overtly political. The politics of amateur media are examined at three key stages: production, distribution, and curation. The chapters of this dissertation offer three case studies that each focus on these stages across distinct contexts: an individual’s YouTube channel, a nonprofit that acts as an intermediary for amateur video, and a maJor federal institution that selects home movies to be included among its canon of films considered significant to national film heritage. These case studies build progressively upon the ideas introduced in this dissertation, locating the politics of amateur media in a variety of texts and contexts. vii Table of Contents List of Figures ..........................................................................................................x Chapter One: Amateur Media and Informal Media Politics ....................................1 Literature Review ..........................................................................................13 Amateurism ..........................................................................................15 Amateur Film .......................................................................................21 Amateur Video .....................................................................................27 Amateur Digital Media ........................................................................28 Theory ...........................................................................................................32 Methods.........................................................................................................40 Chapter Breakdown ......................................................................................41 Conclusion ....................................................................................................48 Chapter Two: Locating Politics .............................................................................50 Informal Media Politics ................................................................................54 RouterGods ...................................................................................................61 Conclusion ....................................................................................................77 Chapter Three: Formalizing Politics ......................................................................79 What is WITNESS? ......................................................................................81 WITNESS Media Lab ...................................................................................84 Other Players ........................................................................................89 Google .........................................................................................89 Storyful .......................................................................................93 Project Partners ...........................................................................94 Resource Partners ........................................................................95 Staff ............................................................................................96 Creators .......................................................................................97 Celebrities ...................................................................................97 Presentation ..........................................................................................98 viii “Amplifying” Amateurs ..............................................................................104 Conclusion ..................................................................................................108 Chapter Four: Revisiting Politics .........................................................................111 Forming a National Canon ..........................................................................115 Politics of a National Canon .......................................................................119 Home Movies Beyond the Home ................................................................124 Initial Selections in the 1990s ............................................................127 A Growing List in the 2000s ..............................................................130 Broadening Scope in the 2010s ..........................................................132 A Closer Look at the Politics of Topaz ..............................................138 A Complicated Legacy ...............................................................................147 Conclusion ..................................................................................................149 Chapter Five: Conclusion ....................................................................................152