Review Sheet for Midterm 1

Intro to Political Theory & the History of Political Thought Midterm Study Guide, Spring ‘17

The midterm on Thurs, May 4 will cover Chapters 1, 2, & 3 in Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal and the readings we’ve treated from Ideals and Ideologies (Aristotle, Machiavelli, Tocqueville, JS Mill 2.9, Hobbes, Locke, Paine, Smith, & JS Mill 3.17). There will be more emphasis on material treated in class, as identified in the key terms & themes below.

Key terms & themes to review

Four functions of an ideology

Normative knowledge vs. Empirical Knowledge

The 3 ideologies that shaped global politics in World War II (liberalism; socialism; fascism)

Aristotle’s six-fold classification of governments (oligarchy vs. aristocracy, etc.) (see chart in Chapter 2 lecture slides)

Machiavelli’s conception of republicanism (his rediscovery & interpretation of classical Roman republicanism during the Italian Renaissance)

Tocqueville’s views on Democracy (what are its benefits, what are its problems)

John Stuart Mill’s position on Democracy (what are its benefits, what are its problems)

Majority tyranny (risk of conformity to majority opinion & threat to diversity & individual rights) in a democracy

Importance of Protestant Reformation to the emergence of liberalism Importance of Capitalism to the emergence of liberalism

Thomas Hobbes (A proto-liberal): his approach to social contract theory His view of State of Nature His view of Social Contract Why are Hobbes’s premises liberal Why is his view of the social contract & government NOT liberal?

John Locke (Founder of liberalism): his approach to social contract theory His view of State of Nature His view of Social Contract Importance of Property Rights

Thomas Paine: his approach to revolution, liberalism, & the role of government

French Revolution’s rejection of Divine Right Theory of Monarchy & of the aristocratic privilege of the nobility French Revolution’s radical liberalism

Mercantilism (See ppt slide & discussion in textbook)

Adam Smith: His basis for a night-watchman state (limited government & laissez-faire, laissez passer); His notion of comparative advantage based on specialization of labor

Basic definition of Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism as new basis for the classical liberalism of John Stuart Mill & Jeremy Bentham John Stuart Mill’s (JS Mill) Harm Principle

Importance of diversity, creativity, eccentricity, & freedom of thought/expression for JS Mill

Positive Liberty vs. Negative Liberty. Importance of “positive liberty” for welfare liberalism

To be covered 5/2:

Welfare Liberalism (aka Social Liberalism; New Deal Liberalism) & basic differences between welfare liberalism & neo-classical liberalism (usually referred to as neo-liberalism today)

Be able to recognize importance of TH Green, Franklin Roosevelt (FDR), John Maynard Keynes & John Rawls to the Welfare Liberal tradition

Pres. Franklin Roosevelt’s (FDR’s) New Deal & the Consensus on the welfare state from 1932-1968

John Rawls (1971 A Theory of Justice) - “Original Position” and “veil of ignorance” Rawls’s Theory of Justice - philosophical defense of welfare liberalism and MAXI-MIN example from class

Be able to identify Friedrich Hayek as the first key thinker in Neo-Classical Liberal tradition