<p>Intro to Political Theory & the History of Political Thought Midterm Study Guide, Spring ‘17</p><p>The midterm on Thurs, May 4 will cover Chapters 1, 2, & 3 in Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal and the readings we’ve treated from Ideals and Ideologies (Aristotle, Machiavelli, Tocqueville, JS Mill 2.9, Hobbes, Locke, Paine, Smith, & JS Mill 3.17). There will be more emphasis on material treated in class, as identified in the key terms & themes below.</p><p>Key terms & themes to review</p><p>Four functions of an ideology</p><p>Normative knowledge vs. Empirical Knowledge</p><p>The 3 ideologies that shaped global politics in World War II (liberalism; socialism; fascism)</p><p>Aristotle’s six-fold classification of governments (oligarchy vs. aristocracy, etc.) (see chart in Chapter 2 lecture slides)</p><p>Machiavelli’s conception of republicanism (his rediscovery & interpretation of classical Roman republicanism during the Italian Renaissance)</p><p>Tocqueville’s views on Democracy (what are its benefits, what are its problems)</p><p>John Stuart Mill’s position on Democracy (what are its benefits, what are its problems)</p><p>Majority tyranny (risk of conformity to majority opinion & threat to diversity & individual rights) in a democracy</p><p>Importance of Protestant Reformation to the emergence of liberalism Importance of Capitalism to the emergence of liberalism</p><p>Thomas Hobbes (A proto-liberal): his approach to social contract theory His view of State of Nature His view of Social Contract Why are Hobbes’s premises liberal Why is his view of the social contract & government NOT liberal?</p><p>John Locke (Founder of liberalism): his approach to social contract theory His view of State of Nature His view of Social Contract Importance of Property Rights</p><p>Thomas Paine: his approach to revolution, liberalism, & the role of government</p><p>French Revolution’s rejection of Divine Right Theory of Monarchy & of the aristocratic privilege of the nobility French Revolution’s radical liberalism </p><p>Mercantilism (See ppt slide & discussion in textbook)</p><p>Adam Smith: His basis for a night-watchman state (limited government & laissez-faire, laissez passer); His notion of comparative advantage based on specialization of labor</p><p>Basic definition of Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism as new basis for the classical liberalism of John Stuart Mill & Jeremy Bentham John Stuart Mill’s (JS Mill) Harm Principle</p><p>Importance of diversity, creativity, eccentricity, & freedom of thought/expression for JS Mill</p><p>Positive Liberty vs. Negative Liberty. Importance of “positive liberty” for welfare liberalism</p><p>To be covered 5/2:</p><p>Welfare Liberalism (aka Social Liberalism; New Deal Liberalism) & basic differences between welfare liberalism & neo-classical liberalism (usually referred to as neo-liberalism today)</p><p>Be able to recognize importance of TH Green, Franklin Roosevelt (FDR), John Maynard Keynes & John Rawls to the Welfare Liberal tradition </p><p>Pres. Franklin Roosevelt’s (FDR’s) New Deal & the Consensus on the welfare state from 1932-1968</p><p>John Rawls (1971 A Theory of Justice) - “Original Position” and “veil of ignorance” Rawls’s Theory of Justice - philosophical defense of welfare liberalism and MAXI-MIN example from class </p><p>Be able to identify Friedrich Hayek as the first key thinker in Neo-Classical Liberal tradition</p>