Georgia and the Civil War

Georgia, the Civil War, and other Civil War Facts Georgia Studies

1. By October, 1861, how many Georgians had volunteered to fight in the war? 25,000 2. What were arsenals? Building where weapons and ammunition are stored 3. Where were arsenals located in Georgia? Atlanta, Augusta, Columbus, Macon, & Savannah 4. Who was Georgia’s governor during the war? Joseph Brown 5. By Spring 1862, Union forces had captured all of Georgia’s coastal islands making them a popular destination for escaped slaves. 6. List four reasons Georgia was a popular supplier for the Confederacy. a. More industry than other Southern States b. More than 1,400 miles of railroad (Atlanta was a hub) c. “ Heart of the Confederacy” d. Destruction of Georgia’s resources would devastate the Confederacy’s war effort

7. Which island did Union forces occupy to give themselves control of the Savannah River? Tybee Island 8. Which fort in Georgia was destroyed by Union forces? Fort Pulaski 9. What was the Union’s primary goal with regards to Georgia? blockade coastal waters & shut down supply lines Battle of Chickamauga 10. Union leader: General Rosecrans 11. Confederate leader: Braxton Bragg 12. Bragg’s army defeated Union forces, but they did not follow them North on their retreat 13. By November, 1863, Grant arrived with more troops forcing Bragg and his troops to retreat to Dalton Sherman Invades Atlanta 14. When did Sherman’s invasion begin? Early 1864 15. Who was the Confederate leader? Joseph Johnston 16. What landmark did the Confederate Army follow as they retreated south? W & A railroad line 17. Johnston would not allow Sherman to break up or encircle his troops 18. What famous battle took place on June 27th, 1864? Kennesaw Mountain 19. How many Union troops were lost in this battle? 3,000 20. How many Confederate troops were lost in this battle? 500 21. What happened when Johnston retreated to Atlanta? The Confederate government was upset and replaced him with John B. Hood 22. How long did the battle of Atlanta last? 40 days 23. What was the result of the battle of Atlanta? The mayor surrendered the city after Hood’s army evacuated 24. What were Sherman’s orders with regards to the city of Atlanta? Destroy the city

Sherman’s March to the Sea 25. When did Sherman’s march begin? November 16, 1864 26. Union forces were forced to live off the land and destroy Georgia’s resources 27. Which resources were particularly important to destroy? Railroads and Confederate supplies 28. The goal of Sherman’s march was to “bring the sad realities of war to Georgia” 29. Which Georgia city did Sherman offer to Abraham Lincoln as a Christmas present? Savannah 30. How many battles occurred in Georgia? Just over 100 31. How many battles occurred during Sherman’s march to the sea? 92 Andersonville Prison 32. Where is Andersonville Prison located? Near Americus, Georgia 33. Why was Andersonville Prison built? To house Union prisoners of war 34. What was its official name? Fort Sumter 35. How many prisoners was it built for? 10,000 36. How many prisoners were housed there? 33,000 37. Conditions were horrible and unsanitary 38. Available water was polluted 39. Food was in short supply & inadequate to the point prisoners starved 40. Clothing and medical supplies were scarce 41. During the summer of 1864, over 100 Union prisoners died each day 42. Due to the conditions he allowed at Andersonville, the commander of the prison was tried and hanged for excessive cruelty in the prison Other notable Civil War Facts 43. At the start of the war, men rushed out to volunteer, but the enthusiasm did not last 44. The new rifles used during the war were more accurate, and both sides suffered terrible losses. 45. Trench warfare was used by both sides. 46. Clara Barton got her start as a nurse during the Civil War, and later founded the American Red Cross. 47. Harriet Tubman acted as a spy during the Civil War. The Economy During the War 48. Inflation occurred in the North because prices rose faster than wages. 49. This was harder for the working people, but overall the Northern economy boomed: a. Needs for supplies helped farmers prosper b. Railroad traffic increased c. Coal, Iron, & clothing production increased

50. The South’s economy was devastated a. Farmland was over run, and rail lines were torn up by fighting b. Large portions of the South lay in ruins c. Essential goods were in shortage because of _port blockades

***ADDITIONAL NOTES: The End of the War March 1865- Lee’s forces were ½ the size of Grant’s as they continued to fight. Lee asked to meet with Grant about ending the war. President Lincoln would not allow the meeting unless the South surrendered. Lee tried one final time to defeat Union troops in Virginia. He failed, and was eventually captured near Irwinville, Georgia. Lee surrendered to Grant on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Court House in Virginia.