Maps Are Basically a Graphic Representation of Earth . They Are Used to Find Where Places

Reading Maps

Maps are basically a “graphic representation of Earth”. They are used to find where places are located in the world (geographic), to get directions from one place to another (GPS), to determine upcoming weather, to determine the shape of the land (topographic), the types of rocks found in different locations of the world (geologic),and to determine the type of soil found in different locations of the world (soil).

Maps are organized by using vertical (up-and-down) and horizontal (side-to-side) lines that create a grid that is similar to graph paper. Horizontal lines are called latitude, and vertical lines are called longitude. The main line of latitude is call the Equator and is found running west to east through the center of Earth. The Prime Meridian is the main line of longitude that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole at the 0o mark (goes through Great Britain, Europe, and Africa). On the opposite side of Earth, at 180o longitude is the International Date Line.

All lines of latitude that are located above the Equator are labeled as “North” (or positive, +) and lines that are below the Equator are labeled “South” (or negative, -). Similarity, lines of longitude that are on the right of the Prime Meridian are called “East” (or positive) and lines that are to the left of the Prime Meridian are called “West” (or negative).

D 5 e g 4 r e 3 e s 2 N o 1 r t 0 h ( o ) 1 2 3 4 5 Degrees East (o) All lines of latitude and longitude are represented by a number based on how many degrees each line is away from the Equator or Prime Meridian. For example, Charlotte has the coordinates of 35o13’N, 80o48’W. This means that Charlotte is on the that 35o and 13 “minutes” North of the Equator and 80o and 48 “minutes” east of the Prime Meridian. Similar to an hour, each degree is broken down into 60 parts or “minutes”. Minutes are represented by an apostrophe (‘) that follows the number of minutes. Finally, the directions are to be included after the numbers for each direction, either North or South and East or West.

Finding the location of a specific place on a map is similar to reading a point on a graph. On the graph to the right, you will find a star. The center of the star is located at the 4.5o North and 5o East. On a map, the point will be located in the same way; the only difference is that maps are read on the y-axis (North or South) first, then on the x-axis (East or West). Below is a map with 5triangles on it, which are labeled A, B, C, D, and E. Determine the coordinates of each place and record them below. Activity 1

o o Point A23 N, 157 W

Point B ______

Point C ______

Point D ______

Point E ______

Along with the places that are located around the world, we also find legends (or keys), a scale, and the compass rose on a map. The compass rose shows which way on the amp is in the direction of North, South, East, and West. Typically, North will be at the top and South will be at the bottom; while West will be to the left and East will be to the right. This is shown on the compass rose to the right. A legend, or key, will explain the symbols that can be found on a map and what they represent. To the left is a sample legend for the symbols that could be used on a street map in a coastal area. Finally, a scale is found. The scale explains how much of the paper represents a specific distance on Earth. For example, the scale to the right tells us that the space on the map between the 0 miles mark and the next tick mark will equal 100 miles on Earth. Below is a map followed by a list of places that need to be placed on the map. Follow the directions as they are given below. 1. In black, draw in the Equator, the Tropic of Cancer (30oN), and the Tropic of Capricorn (30oS).

2. In red, draw in the Prime Meridian and the International Date Line (180oW/E).

3. In green, label the names of the continents; in blue, label the names of the oceans.

4. In purple, mark the positions of each of the following places by use the letter given before each city name.

a. Beijing: 40oN, 116oE g. Moscow: 55oN, 37oE

b. Cairo: 30oN, 31oE h. New Orleans: 30oN, 90oW

c. Jakarta: 6oS, 106oE i. New York City: 40oN, 74oW

d. Los Angeles: 34oN, 118oW j. Rio de Janeiro: 23oS, 43oW

e. London: 51oN, 0oW k. Toronto: 43oN, 79oW

f. Mexico City: 19oN, 99oW

l. m. The United States of America – Mapping Practice

1. Label N (north), S (south), E (east), and W (west) on the compass rose near the bottom right of the map. 2. Label Canada (the country north of the USA) and Mexico (the country south of the USA). 3. Label the Atlantic Ocean (east of the USA), the Pacific Ocean (west of the USA), the Gulf of Mexico (bordering the southeastern USA and eastern Mexico) and the Great Lakes (in the northeast section of the USA). 4. Color the bodies of water blue, color your state red, color the rest of the USA orange, color Canada yellow, and color Mexico green. 5. The location 26oN, 105oW is in which country? ______

6. Is the location 35oN latitude, 75oW longitude in the Atlantic or Pacific Ocean? ______7. Which state is located at 38oN latitude, 105oW longitude? ______8. Is the location 30oN, 87oW on land or under water? ______9. The location 43oN, 75oW is in which state? ______10. Name the state whose border is at 35oN. ______11. Do lines of latitude run West-East or North-South? ______12. Name 3 states whose borders extend below 30oN and label them on the map. 1.a. ______1.b.______1.c. ______13. Name 1 US state that is mostly East of 70oW. ______14. Name 3 US states whose borders extend West of 120oW. ______15. Is the location 45oN, 82oW on land or under water? ______16. Name the state that is located entirely between 40 and 45oN and between 90 and 100oW. Label it on the map. ______17. Reading Maps – Map 3 1. What is the capital of N. Carolina? ______2. What ocean borders N. Carolina on the East? ______3. What state borders N. Carolina to the North? ______4. What state borders N. Carolina on the West? ______5. What 2 states border N. Carolina on the South? ______

______6. Name the mountain range located in the western part of N. Carolina. ______7. What is the name of the tallest mountain in N. Carolina? ______8. Name 2 rivers found in N. Carolina. ______9. Name the town from which the Wright brothers successfully flew the world’s first airplane in 1903. It is located on an island off the coast of northeastern N. Carolina. ______10.What is the nickname of N. Carolina? ______18. 19. 20. Reading Maps

21. Maps are basically a “graphic representation of Earth”. They are used to find where places are located in the world (geographic), to get directions from one place to another (GPS), to determine upcoming weather, to determine the shape of the land (topographic), the types of rocks found in different locations of the world (geologic),and to determine the type of soil found in different locations of the world (soil).

22. Maps are organized by using vertical (up-and-down) and horizontal (side-to-side) lines that create a grid that is similar to graph paper. Horizontal lines are called latitude, and vertical lines are called longitude. The main line of latitude is call the Equator and is found running west to east through the center of Earth. The Prime Meridian is the main line of longitude that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole at the 0o mark (goes through Great Britain, Europe, and Africa). On the opposite side of Earth, at 180o longitude is the International Date Line.

23. All lines of latitude that are located above the Equator are labeled as “North” (or positive, +) and lines that are below the Equator are labeled “South” (or negative, -). Similarity, lines of longitude that are on the right of the Prime Meridian are called “East” (or positive) and lines that are to the left of the Prime Meridian are called “West” (or negative).

2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 ...... 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 D 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 e g ...... r 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 e 5 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 e ...... s 2 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 N 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 o ...... r 6 t 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 h 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 ( ...... o 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 ) 6 7 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . . . 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 ...... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ...... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 2 ...... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 ...... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ...... 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 1 1 174. 1 2 3 7 3 4 5 2 0 . . 0 1 1 7 7 177. Degrees East (o) 5 6 . . 178. All lines of latitude and longitude are represented by a number based on how many degrees each line is away from the Equator or Prime Meridian. For example, Charlotte has the coordinates of 35o13’N, 80o48’W. This means that Charlotte is on the that 35o and 13 “minutes” North of the Equator and 80o and 48 “minutes” east of the Prime Meridian. Similar to an hour, each degree is broken down into 60 parts or “minutes”. Minutes are represented by an apostrophe (‘) that follows the number of minutes. Finally, the directions are to be included after the numbers for each direction, either North or South and East or West.

179. Finding the location of a specific place on a map is similar to reading a point on a graph. On the graph to the right, you will find a star. The center of the star is located at the 4.5o North and 5o East. On a map, the point will be located in the same way; the only difference is that maps are read on the y-axis (North or South) first, then on the x-axis (East or West). Below is a map with 5triangles on it, which are labeled A, B, C, D, and E. Determine the coordinates of each place and record them below.

180. Activity 1

o o 181. Point A23 N, 157 W

182. Point B 35oN, 105oW

183. Point C 20oN, 70oW

184. Point D 40oN, 15oE

185. Point E 42oN, 115oE

186. Along with the places that are located around the world, we also find legends (or keys), a scale, and the compass rose on a map. The compass rose shows which way on the amp is in the direction of North, South, East, and West. Typically, North will be at the top and South will be at the bottom; while West will be to the left and East will be to the right. This is shown on the compass rose to the right. A legend, or key, will explain the symbols that can be found on a map and what they represent. To the left is a sample legend for the symbols that could be used on a street map in a coastal area. Finally, a scale is found. The scale explains how much of the paper represents a specific distance on Earth. For example, the scale to the right tells us that the space on the map between the 0 miles mark and the next tick mark will equal 100 miles on Earth.

187. Below is a map followed by a list of places that need to be placed on the map. Follow the directions as they are given below. 188.

189. In black, draw in the Equator, the Tropic of Cancer (30oN), and the Tropic of Capricorn (30oS).

190. In red, draw in the Prime Meridian and the International Date Line (180oW/E).

191. In green, label the names of the continents; in blue, label the names of the oceans.

192. In purple, mark the positions of each of the following places by use the letter given before each city name.

1. Beijing: 40oN, 116oE 3. Jakarta: 6oS, 106oE

2. Cairo: 30oN, 31oE 4. Los Angeles: 34oN, 118oW 5. London: 51oN, 0oW 9. New York City: 40oN, 74oW

6. Mexico City: 19oN, 99oW 10. Rio de Janeiro: 23oS, 43oW

7. Moscow: 55oN, 37oE 11. Toronto: 43oN, 79oW

8. New Orleans: 30oN, 90oW

12. 13. The United States of America – Mapping Practice

1. Label N (north), S (south), E (east), and W (west) on the compass rose near the bottom right of the map. 2. Label Canada (the country north of the USA) and Mexico (the country south of the USA). 3. Label the Atlantic Ocean (east of the USA), the Pacific Ocean (west of the USA), the Gulf of Mexico (bordering the southeastern USA and eastern Mexico) and the Great Lakes (in the northeast section of the USA). 4. Label each state on the map. 5. Color the bodies of water blue, color your state red, color the rest of the USA orange, color Canada yellow, and color Mexico green. 15. Reading Maps – Map 1 1. What is the capital city of the USA? Washington D.C. 2. What country borders the USA to the North? Canada 3. What country borders the USA to the South? Mexico 4. What ocean borders the USA to the West? Pacific Ocean 5. What ocean borders the USA to the East? Atlantic Ocean 6. What large body of water (a gulf) borders the USA on the Southeast? Gulf of Mexico 7. What are the huge lakes in the Northeast USA called? Great Lakes 8. What is the name of the large mountain range in the Western USA that runs from Canada to Texas? Rocky Mountains 9. What is the name of the large mountain range in the Eastern USA? Appalachian Mountains 10. What is the name of the large river that flows North to South through the USA? Mississippi River 16. Reading Maps – Map 2 1. The location 26oN, 105oW is in which country? Mark the spot on the map with a black X. Mexico 2. Is the location 35oN latitude, 75oW longitude in the Atlantic or Pacific Ocean? Mark it on the map with a green X. Atlantic 3. On the map, label the location 38oN latitude, 105oW longitude with a red X and write the name of the state.Colorado 4. Is the location 30oN, 87oW on land or under water? Mark it on the map with a blue X. Under water (Gulf of Mexico) 5. The location 43oN, 75oW is in which state? On the map, write the state’s name. New York 6. Name the state whose border is at 35oN and label the state on the map. Tennessee 7. Do lines of latitude run West-East or North-South? West-East 8. Name 3 states whose borders extend below 30oN and label them on the map. Texas, Louisiana, Florida 9. Name 1 US state that is mostly East of 70oW and label it on the map. Maine 10. Name 3 US states whose borders extend West of 120oW and label them on the map. Washington, Oregon, California 11. Is the location 45oN, 82oW on land or under water? On the map, mark it with a red X. Under water (Great Lakes) 12. Name the state that is located entirely between 40 and 45oN and between 90 and 100oW. Label it on the map. Iowa Reading Maps – Map 3 1. What is the capital of N. Carolina? Raleigh 2. What ocean borders N. Carolina on the East? Atlantic Ocean 3. What state borders N. Carolina to the North? Virginia 4. What state borders N. Carolina on the West? Tennessee 5. What 2 states border N. Carolina on the South? Georgia, South Carolina 6. Name the mountain range located in the western part of N. Carolina. Appalachian Mountains 7. What is the name of the tallest mountain in N. Carolina? Mt. Mitchell 8. Name 2 rivers found in N. Carolina. Cape Fear River, Roanoke River 9. Name the town from which the Wright brothers successfully flew the world’s first airplane in 1903. It is located on an island off the coast of northeastern N. Carolina. Kitty Hawk 10.What is the nickname of N. Carolina? “Tar Heel State” 17. 18. Reading Maps - Español

19. Los mapas sonbásicamenteuna"representacióngráfica dela Tierra".Se utilizan paraencontrarlugaresdondese encuentran en elmundo (geographic), para saber cómo llegarde un lugara otro (GPS), para determinartiempo que se aproxima, para determinarla forma de latierra (topographic), los tipos de rocasse encuentran endiferenteslugaresdel mundo (geologic), Ypara determinar el tipodesuelo encontrado endiferenteslugaresdel mundo (soil).

20. Mapasseorganizanmediantevertical (de arribaa abajo)yhorizontal(lado a lado) líneas que creanunarejillaquees similar al papelgráfico.Las líneas horizontalessellamanlatitude, y las líneasverticales se llamanlongitude. La principal línea delatitudes llamar a laEquatory se encuentraen dirección oesteaeste a través delcentro de la Tierra.ElPrime Meridianes la líneaprincipalde longitud quese extiende desdeel Polo Norte hastaelPoloSur en el0omarca (pasa a través de Gran Bretaña, Europa y África).En el lado opuestode la Tierra,en la longitud180 ºeslaInternational Date Line.

21. Todas las líneasdelatitudque se encuentranpor encima dela línea del Equatorhan sido etiquetadoscomo "North"(o positivo, +) y líneas queestán por debajo dela línea del Ecuadorestánetiquetados"South"(o negativo, -).La similitud, líneas de longitud que estána la derechadel Meridiano de Greenwichsedenominan"East" (o positivo) y las líneas que se encuentrana la izquierdadelPrime Meridiansedenominan"West" (o negativo).

22. Todas las líneasde latitud y longitudestán representados porun número basado encuántosgradoscadalíneaestá fuera delaEquator o Prime Meridian. Por ejemplo, Charlotte tiene las coordenadasde35o13'N, 80o48'W.Esto significa queCharlottese encuentra en los35 ºy 13que los"minutos" al norte del Equator y80 °y 48 "minutos" al este delPrimeMeridian.Similaraunahora, cadagradose divide en60partes o "minutes".Los minutos serepresenta mediante unapóstrofo(')que sigue alnúmero de minutos.Por último, las direcciones se deben incluirdespués de los númerosparacadadirección, ya seadelNortho del Southy el Easto el West.

2 24.30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 3 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. . 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. D e 25.82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. g 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100.101.102.103.104.105. r 108.109.110.111.112.113.114.115.116.117.118. e 121.122.123.124.125.126.127.128.129.130.131. e 26.134.135.136.137.138.139.140.141.142.143.144. s 147.148.149.150.151.152.153.154.155.156.157. N o 160.161.162.163.164.165.166.167.168.169.170. r 27. t h ( o ) 28. 171. 173. 1 2 3 4 5 29.

174.175. 176. Degrees East (o) 177. Encontrar la localizacióndeun lugar específicoen un mapa essimilarala lectura de unpunto en un gráfico.Enelgráfico de la derecha, se encuentra una estrella.Elcentro de la estrellase encuentra enelNorthy el East4,5 o5 º.En un mapa,el punto seencuentraen la misma forma, la única diferencia es que losmapasselee en eleje Y (Northo South)primero, y luegoenel eje x(East uWest).A continuación se muestraun mapacon5triángulosen él, queestán etiquetados como A, B, C, D, yE.Determinarlas coordenadas de cadalugarygrabarlasa continuación.

178. Activity 1

o 179. Point A23 N, 157oW

180. Point B

______

181. Point C ______

182. Point D ______

183. Point E ______

184. Juntocon los lugaresque se encuentranen todo elmundo, también encontramos legends (o keys), una scale, ylacompass roseen un mapa.Larosa de los vientosmuestrade qué

maneraelamplificadorestá en la direcciónde North, South, East, and West.Por lo general, North estará en lapartesuperiory en el Southseráen la parte inferior, mientras que West seráa la izquierday el Eastseráhacia la derecha.Esto se compass rose de los vientosa la derecha.Unalegendokey, explicará los símbolosque se pueden encontraren un mapa ylo que representan.A la izquierda semuestraunaleyendade los símbolosque podrían ser utilizadosenunplanoenuna zona costera.Finalmente, una escalase encuentra.La escalase explica cómogran parte del papelrepresenta una distanciaespecífica en la Tierra.Por ejemplo, laescala de la derechanos dice que elespacioen el mapa entrela marca de 0kilómetros yla marca de verificaciónalladoserá igual a100 millasde la Tierra.

185. A continuación se muestraunmapaseguidadeuna lista de lugaresque necesitan sercolocados en el mapa. Siga las instrucciones quesedana continuación.

1. En negro,dibujar en elecuador,el trópico deCáncer (30oN), y el Trópico deCapricornio (30oS).

2. En rojo,dibujar en elMeridiano de Greenwichyla línea de fechainternacional (180oW / E).

3. En verde, la etiqueta los nombres de loscontinentes,enazul,etiquetalosnombres de losocéanos.

4. Enmorado,marque la posición decada uno de lossiguienteslugaresdeutilizarlacartaentregadaantes de cadaciudad. a. Beijing: 40oN, 116oE b. Cairo: 30oN, 31oE c. Jakarta: 6oS, 106oE h. New Orleans: 30oN, 90oW d. Los Angeles: 34oN, 118oW i. New York City: 40oN, 74oW e. London: 51oN, 0oW j. Rio de Janeiro: 23oS, 43oW f. Mexico City: 19oN, 99oW k. Toronto: 43oN, 79oW g. Moscow: 55oN, 37oE

l. m. n. The United States of America – Mapping Practice

1. EtiquetaN (norte), S (sur), E (este) y W (oeste) en larosa de los vientoscerca dela parte inferior derechadel mapa. 2. Etiqueta deCanadá (país al norte de los EE.UU.)y México (país al sur delos EE.UU.). 3. Etiquetar elOcéanoAtlántico(al este delos EE.UU.), el Océano Pacífico(al oeste delos EE.UU.), el Golfo de México(en la fronterasudeste de EE.UU.yel este de México) y los Grandes Lagos (en la sección noreste delos EE.UU.). 4. Etiquete cadaestado en el mapa. 5. Color delos cuerpos deaguaazul, el color rojodesuestado, el color del resto de lanaranjaEE.UU., Canadá Color amarillo,verdeycolorMéxico. p. Reading Maps – Map 1 1. ¿Cuál esla capital delos EE.UU.? ______2. ¿De qué paíslimitaconlos EE.UU. parael North? ______3. ¿De qué paíslimitaconlos EE.UU. parael South? ______4. ¿Qué océanolimitaconlosEE.UU.a West? ______5. ¿Qué océanolimitaconlosEE.UU.a East? ______6. ¿Quégran cuerpo deagua (ungolfo)limitaconlos EE.UU. enelSureste? ______7. ¿Cuáles son loslagosenormesenel nordeste de EE.UU.llama?______8. ¿Cuál esel nombre de lagran cadena montañosaen los EE.UU.occidentalquese extiende desdeCanadáhastaTexas? ______9. ¿Cuál esel nombre de lagran cadena montañosaenelestedeEE.UU.? ______10. ¿Cuál esel nombre delgranríoquefluyede norte a sura través delos EE.UU.? ______q. Reading Maps – Map 2 1. El26oNubicación,105oWesen qué país?Marque el puntoen el mapa conunaXnegro. ______2. ¿La ubicaciónlatitud35oNlongitud,75oWen el Atlánticoo el OcéanoPacífico?Marcaren el mapacon una Xverde.______3. En el mapa,la etiqueta de lalatitud38oNubicación, longitud 105oWcon una X rojay escribir elnombre del estado. ______4. ¿La ubicación30oN, 87oWen tierra obajo el agua?Marcaren el mapaconunaXazul. ______5. El43oNubicación,75oWesen qué estado?En el mapa,escriba el nombredel estado.______6. Asigne un nombre alestadocuyafronterase encuentra en35oNy etiquetar elestado en el mapa______7. Noejecutarlas líneas de latitudOeste-EsteoNorte-Sur?______8. Nombre 3estados cuyasfronterasse extienden por debajo30oNy etiquetarlosen el mapa. ______9. Nombre deunestado de EE.UU.quees en su mayoríadel estede70oWy etiquetarlaen el mapa.______10. Nombre 3estadosde Estados Unidoscuyasfronterasseextiendenal oeste de120oWy etiquetarlosen el mapa. ______11. ¿La ubicación45oN, 82oWen tierra obajo el agua?Enelmapa,marcarcon una X roja. ______12. El nombre del estadoque se encuentracompletamente entre40 y45oNy entre 90 y100oW. Marqueen el mapa. ______Reading Maps – Map 3 r. 1. ¿Cuál es la capital de Carolina del Norte? ______2. ¿Qué océano limita con Carolina del Norte en el Este? ____ 3. ¿En qué estado de Carolina del Norte colinda al Norte? ___ 4. ¿En qué estado de Carolina del Norte limita con el Occidente? ______5. ¿Qué dos estados de la frontera de Carolina del Norte en el Sur? ______6. Nombre de la cadena montañosa situada en la parte occidental de Carolina del Norte. ______7. ¿Cuál es el nombre de la montaña más alta de N. Carolina? ______s. 8. Nombra dos ríos se encuentran en el Norte de Carolina. ______t. 9. Nombre de la ciudad desde la que los hermanos Wright voló con éxito el primer avión del mundo en 1903. Está situado en una isla frente a la costa del noreste de Carolina del Norte. ______u. 10. ¿Cuál es el apodo de N. Carolina? ______