DOCSLIB.ORG

171 / 1 Industrial Application of Thixoforming at SAG Josef Wöhrer

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
171 / 1 Industrial Application of Thixoforming at SAG Josef Wöhrer Industrial Application of Thixoforming at SAG Josef Wöhrer and Andreas Kraly Salzburger Aluminium AG in Lend (Austria) Abstract SAG is a producer of thixoforming raw material for worldwide use at different producers of Semi Solid Metalforming serial parts. The SAG subsidiary Thixalloy® Components Company produces by itself complex designed Thixoforming parts in Alloy A356/A357 for different applications. The production of weldable structure parts and weldable pressure tight parts plays an important role as well as the production of surface treated parts for industrial use. The customer benefits are tight dimensional tolerances, superior weldability with high process ability, good mechanical properties in the thixoformed condition with and without heat treatment, pressure tightness up to 80 bar after welding, good surface quality and good behaviour in plating. Yield strengths of 200 MPa can be reached with a very cost efficient T5 heat treatment on TX 540 AlMg5Si2Mn or TX630 AlSi7Mg0.8. The so called Silicon Spheroidization Treatment (SST) is described which enables real parts to fulfil the high demands and to reach the values which are needed on suspension parts and wheels. Additionally in this paper are shown parts which are produced with alloy type MAXXALLOY TX540 Al5Mg2Mn in Thixoforming. So Thixoforming works out as a more and more cost efficient process for Aluminum parts with high quality requirements. Key words: Thixalloy, Thixoforming, SST, Serial parts, Structure parts, Maxxalloy 171 / 1 Introduction The increasing need of lighter and safer cars is the driving force behind research in the area of high strength light metal safety part applications. This also influences dramatically the technological changes to the automobil and has consequences for manufacturers, component suppliers and equipment manufacturers (Figure 1). Since 1898 the Salzburger Aluminium AG (SAG) in Lend, Austria has been a competent partner in aluminum processes. SAG has been on the forefront when it comes to introducing new technologies in smelting, casting and treating aluminum. SAG prides itself in continuously building upon experience and innovation in both technological advances as well as human resources. The close cooperation with universities, research centers and partners constantly keeps the company abreast with the latest findings in development and know-how resulting in state-of-the-art applied technologies mirrored in the high standard and range of the products. The plant has an annual capacity of 45,000 tons whereas 25,000 tons are solely based on recycling activities. Furthermore, SAG has a casting line, independend from regular production, equipped with own furnace and horizontal casting machine for training as well as research and development purposes. Process-ability and quality control are of highest importance to the company leading to the following process steps: • Scrap material control by melting tests; • Alloy determination; • Melting in any one of the three hearth furnaces or the closed well furnace; • Metal treatment and stirring; • Metal quality control; • Casting process on the horizontal casting machines with continuous metal treatment (degasser, filter box and rod feeder); • Product quality control by analysis of material density, conductivity, • Stacking and packaging including marking ready for transport. The process leads to the high quality of the products such as foundry alloys, extrusion billets, thixotropic and cast forging billets/slugs, cast plates and bus bars. SAG has a recognized experience in casting special alloys, specifically using billets the standard diameters varying from 67 up to 203 mm, with developed technology to cast 50 or 32 mm diameter. The reasons for the excellent quality and variety of the products are based on the long-time experience of SAG and the advanced constructions and designs of casting moulds. Based on comparing investigations with other casting processes (e.g. vertical die casting) the horizontal casting technology gives SAG further advantages in their production. E.g. to a length of 18 m, enabling cutting billets to length during the casting process according to customer requirements. Other benefits include the well known economical aspects such as low energy consumption, low 171 / 2 investment costs, lower necessity of consumables. The duration of the cast can last up to 120 hours casting time and more. The mould technology with high cooling rate and optimized lubrication assures a high productivity and quality. The mould design furthermore allows a higher number of strands on smaller equipment sizes. Process control automation and documentation, automatic starting programs are standards. Starting Material – Billets – Slugs The future development of lightweight construction (automotive and transport industry) depend especially on material properties of the used components. The claim of better material properties with simultaneous weight reduction gives rise to the development of technologically advanced casting and forming methods. Horizontal continuous casting (HCC) and thixoforming meet these requirements. SAG has 30 years of experience in HCC and more than 10 years with HCC materials. (One by SAG registered THIXALLOY® material). Starting material for the thixoforming process billets with a uniform and finely globulitic structure are produced by magnetically stirred HCC process according to the MHD technique (Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Stirring), in diameters from 2.5 up to 6 inches. Although alternative processes have recently appeared, they havenot yet made any decisive impact in the industrial context because the quality of the starting material is decisive for that of the components produced. In SAG’s case the process is mainly used for weldable structure parts, surface treated parts, suspension parts and wheels in the automotive industries. In-line melt treatment and the continuous control of all the casting parameters ensure that the structure is the producible. Since no melting is involved in the thixoforming process, no metal purification and structure adjustment measures are needed there either. The main characteristics of billets made by the company’s MHD-process are: • Extremely fine grained billets: max. 130 µm grain size; • Good billet surface: max. class 2 (according to SAG’s internal standard); • High process ability and high metal purity during billet production; • Non-metallic inclusions: max. 40 µm; • Content of hydrogen: DI max. 5 %; • Porosity: max. 100 µm; • Peripherical zone: max. 7 mm. A list of available diameters of the billets for industrial processing depends on the used thixoforming process and mainly on the locking forces of their machines. (See Table 1) 171 / 3 Table 1: A list of available diameters of the billets for industrial processing depends on the used thixoforming process and mainly on the locking forces of their machines. Diameter 2.5 inch 3 inch 3.5 inch 4 inch 5 inch 6 inch Metric in 63.5 76.2 88.9 101.6 28 152.4 mm Locking 300-700 500-800 700-100 800-1200 100-1600 1600-2700 Force tons tons tons tons tons tons Shot 1.0-2.0 kg 1.5-3.0 kg 2.0-4.0 kg 3.5-7.0 kg 6.0-12.0 kg 10.0-20.0 Weight kg A list of available alloys mainly used for industrial thixo-processing with respecting reached mechanical properties in raw-parts can be found in Table 2. Table 2: A list of available alloys mainly used for industrial thixo- processing with respecting reached mechanical properties. Alloy Alloy Type Condition F: Thixalloy ® 615 AlSi7Mg0.15 Rp0.2: 100 Mpa Rm: 180 Mpa A: 15% Thixalloy ® 630 AlSi7Mg0.30 Rp0.2: 120 Mpa Rm: 230 Mpa A: 12% Thixalloy ® 640 AlSi7Mg0.40 Rp0.2: 130 Mpa Rm: 240 Mpa A: 10% Thixalloy ® 650 AlSi7Mg0.55 Rp0.2: 140 Mpa Rm: 250 Mpa A: 8% Thixalloy ® 680 AlSi7Mg0.80 Rp0.2: 150 Mpa Rm: 260 Mpa A: 5% The continuously cast billets are sawn into slugs within close weight tolerances. The slugs are dispatched to the further processors in containers optimally adapted for their machine loading logistics. The customer benefits with MHD stirred billets are mainly given by: • A homogenous distribution of silicon and accompanied alloyed elements in the cross section of the billet; • A low free liquid phase at the end of the heating cycle; • Saving of induction heating time during the preheating of slugs in the followed thixoforming process; • Reduced investment for induction furnaces; • A low scrap rate; and at least above all; • Better mechanical properties of parts; • High and constant serial quality -> 1 batch = 10,000 slugs and constant properties through the MHD process. 171 / 4 Thixoforming Process Between molten and solid state, alloys show thixo-tropic behavior. The homological basis of this behavior is due to the fact that with increasing shear forces, the solid-phase skeleton of the metallic structure can be completely dismantled (2) This is the most important precondition to achieve low-viscous flow, which finally allows the production of extremely complex shaped parts with very small forming forces. Under low shear forces, the material shows a solid-state behavior and therefore can be handled like a solid part. SAG heats slugs while positioned horizontally in an inductive heating unit for individual billets. This avoids having to tilt them (as would be necessary in a carousel unit) once they have been softened. The power input is determined and controlled by a computer system. This enables the required homogeneous molten fraction to be produced in the slug with pinpoint accuracy, even without temperature measurements. The final adjustment of the structure is carried out during this heating process. The α-phase is of globular shape, and the metal will only behave thixotropically if this is so. The benefits of induction billet heating and characteristics of the company’s thixoforming process compared to other processes (e.g. die casting units) lies mainly in: • No liquid metal process (therefore less hydrogen); • No melt house, dross, fumes and losses in process environment; • Horizontal billet heating and sure handling; • Exact heat content billet by billet; • Semi solid forming under low shear stress.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rettelsesblad / Supplerende Meddelelser Nr
    Dato 9. februar 2016 Sagsbehandler Stine Kirkeskov Mail [email protected] Telefon Dokument 15/10041-54 Side 1/55 To the Bidders RETTELSESBLAD / SUPPLERENDE MEDDELELSER NR. 5 CORRECTION SHEET/ SUPPLEMENTARY NOTICE NO. 5 Fjordforbindelsen Frederikssund, Dual carriageway Marbækvej - Skibbyvej, inclusive of a High Bridge Udbud 14210.001 Vej- og broarbejder This correction sheet sets out the corrections and additions to all the tender material as defined in the Document List (Contractual documents, Tender documents and Information Room documents). Queries from bidders with the associated answers are attached as an appendix. Corrections are shown in bold italics and highlighted in grey. Corrections and additions: Bidders are hereby notified of the following corrections and additions to the tender documents for the above-mentioned contract: Vejdirektoratet Telefon +45 7244 3333 Guldalderen 12 [email protected] SE 60729018 2640 Hedehusene vejdirektoratet.dk EAN 5798000893450 Bestemmelser om udbud og tilbud (BUT): Rettelse til BUT 5.3.2 (Dialogrunder) afsnit 8: ”Tilbudsgiverne bør ikke deltage med mere end 5 deltagere per dialogmøde, idet Vejdirektoratet ønsker en fokuseret proces. De enkelte mødedeltagere kan dog udskiftes efter behov, således at Tilbudsgiver altid løbende kan tilpasse kredsen af mødedeltagere i forhold til de temaer, der konkret skal drøftes.” er ændret til: ”Tilbudsgiverne bør ikke deltage med mere end 5 deltagere per dialogmøde, idet Vejdirektoratet ønsker en fokuseret proces. De enkelte mødedeltagere kan dog udskiftes efter behov, således at Tilbudsgiver altid løbende kan tilpasse kredsen af mødedeltagere i forhold til de temaer, der konkret skal drøftes. Denne udskiftning må kun foretages under pauserne. Det forventes, at Tilbudsgiverne vil holde eventuelle udskiftninger til et minimum, for at undgå for- styrrelser.
    [Show full text]
  • Troubleshooting Decorative Electroplating Installations, Part 5
    Troubleshooting Decorative Electroplating Installations, Part 5: Plating Problems Caused Article By Heat & Bath Temperature Fluctuations by N.V. Mandich, CEF, AESF Fellow Technical Technical In previous parts of this series, emphasis was given The fast-machining steels must then be carburized to troubleshooting of the sequences for pre-plating or case-hardened to obtain a surface with the hardness and electroplating over metals, Parts 1 and 2;1 required to support the top chromium electroplate. the causes, symptoms and troubleshooting for Case hardening is the generic term covering several pores, pits, stains, blistering and “spotting-out” processes applicable to steel or ferrous alloys. It changes phenomena, Part 3;2 and troubleshooting plating on the surface composition of the top layer, or case, by plastic systems, Part 4.3 Here in Part 5, causes and adsorption of carbon, nitrogen or a mixture of the two. some typical examples of problems that occur in By diffusion, a concentration gradient is created. The electroplating as a result of a) thermal, mechanical heat-treatments and the composition of the steel are surface treatments, b) the metallurgy of the part to additional variables that should be addressed and taken be plated or c) effects of plating bath temperature into account in the electroplating procedure. on plating variables and quality of the deposits When discussing the effect of heat-treatment on are discussed. subsequent electroplating processes it is necessary to zero in on the type of heat-treatment involved. We Nearly every plater has at one time or another had the can defi ne the heat-treatment process as changing the experience of trying to plate parts that simply would characteristics of the parts by heating above a certain not plate.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Onaluminium and Its Alloysfor Automotive Applications
    REVIEW ONALUMINIUM AND ITS ALLOYSFOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS Md.Tanwir Alam1, Akhter Husain Ansari2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aligarh, Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India. ABSTRACT Aluminium has a density around one third that of steel or copper. It is one of the lightest commercially available metals in the markets. The resultant high strength to weight ratio makes it an important structural material. This allows an increased payloads or fuel savings for transport industries in particular. In the present scenario, a review of aluminium and its alloys have been made to consolidate some of the aspects of physical, mechanical and wear behavior. The importance of aluminium and its alloys as engineering materials is reflected by the fact that out of over 1600 engineering materials available in the market today more than 300 wrought aluminium alloys with 50 in common use. These materials initially replaced cast iron and bronze alloys but owing to their poor wear and seizure resistance.These materialswere reported by the number of researchers for the past 25 years. In the present study, based on the literature review, the aluminium and its alloys have been discussedin quite detail. Aluminium and its alloys are finding increased applications in aerospace, automobile, space shuttle, underwater, and transportation applications. This is mainly due to light weight, improved physical, mechanical and tribological properties like strong, stiff, abrasion and impact resistant, and is not easily corroded. Key words:Aluminium, Aluminium Alloys, Alloy Designations, Aluminium Technical Data I.INTRODUCTION The possibility of taking advantage of particular properties of the constituent materials to meet specific demands is the most important motivation for the development of any specific material.
    [Show full text]
  • OVERVIEW of FOUNDRY PROCESSES Contents 1
    Cleaner Production Manual for the Queensland Foundry Industry November 1999 PART 5: OVERVIEW OF FOUNDRY PROCESSES Contents 1. Overview of Casting Processes...................................................................... 3 2. Casting Processes.......................................................................................... 6 2.1 Sand Casting ............................................................................................ 6 2.1.1 Pattern Making ................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 Mould Making ..................................................................................... 7 2.1.3 Melting and Pouring ........................................................................... 8 2.1.4 Cooling and Shakeout ........................................................................ 9 2.1.5 Sand Reclamation .............................................................................. 9 2.1.6 Fettling, Cleaning and Finishing....................................................... 10 2.1.7 Advantages of Sand Casting............................................................ 10 2.1.8 Limitations ........................................................................................ 10 2.1.9 By-products Generated .................................................................... 10 2.2 Shell Moulding ........................................................................................ 13 2.2.1 Advantages......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanical Metalworking: from Manual to Computer-Based Processes
    August 04, 2021 Mechanical metalworking: from manual to computer-based processes Just like in an ordinary kitchen, there is more to the steelmaker’s kitchen than just the processes where high temperature plays a crucial role, such as boiling, roasting or baking. Before a dish can be served, it needs additional work to make it more appealing. The same is true of metals. Prior to their use, plates, tubes, rods and complex steel castings are subject to cold forming by special metalworking machines and lathes, which become more and more sophisticated each year. History of mechanical metalworking Let’s look first into the history of mechanical metalworking and its origins. Unlike many other processes that are unique to steelmaking, some ideas related to the mechanical working of metal surfaces came from related areas. The ancient Egyptians had devices for drilling holes in stones. Wood machining equipment that later evolved into turning lathes existed in the sixth and seventh centuries BC. Yet these types of processes were not applied to metals for hundreds of years. For a long time, metal surface treatment had several restricting factors. First, it required harder tools. Second, small-batch production did not need high-precision metalworking. Third, the industrial revolution and mass production of uniform products only became a reality in the 18th-19th centuries. The third reason was a key prerequisite for the appearance of mechanical metalworking. Smiths that made goods for individual orders gave way to large industrial manufacturers and factories that had the capacity to produce large quantities of uniform metal goods. Gunsmiths were among the first to appreciate the importance of standardised metalworking.
    [Show full text]
  • Electrochemical Surface Finishing Is a Highly Scalable
    Electrochemical Surface Finishing by E. J. Taylor and M. Inman lectrochemical surface finishing is a highly scalable to enable uniform polishing. For example, hydrofluoric acid and/ manufacturing process that traditionally uses viscous, or fluoride salts are added to traditional electrolytes to depassivate non-aqueous and/or highly acidic electrolytes to achieve the surface for strongly passive metals such as niobium and Nitinol E 5 the desired surface profiles on metallic parts, with the addition of alloys. In addition to the electrolyte handling and safety issues aggressive, hazardous chemical species to remove the oxide film on associated with concentrated hydrofluoric acid, conventional DC strongly passive materials. An emerging approach applies pulse and electropolishing of these materials presents process control issues, pulse reverse electric fields to control current distribution, mitigate and reject rates can be as high as 40 to 50%.6 oxide film formation and achieve the desired surface finish, in the This reliance on chemical mediation can be traced back 150 presence of environmentally benign and simple chemistries. This years when the understanding of electrochemical principles was approach lowers the cost of the manufacturing process, and improves nascent. The history of electrochemical processing is full of stories process robustness. After a brief discussion of electrochemical regarding the serendipitous “discovery” of chemical components of surface finishing processes, case studies that describe deburring of electrolytes leading to the desired surface properties and profiles. automotive gears and electropolishing of semiconductor valves and These discoveries ultimately became the paradigm for development superconducting radio frequency cavities are presented in this article. of new electrolyte chemistries, which led to the proprietary chemical additives of today’s chemical suppliers.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Finishes and Clean Ability
    Surface Finishes and Clean ability The Design and Manufacture of Cleanable Equipment Specifying the appropriate material, manufacturing process and surface finishing method to economically meet your hygiene goals Paul Kennedy - Owner Pragmatics Engineering 3A CCE HOW TO SELECT A GRADE OF STAINLESS Stainless steels are engineering materials with good corrosion-resistance, strength and fabrication characteristics. They can readily meet a wide range of design criteria, including load, service life and low maintenance. Selecting the proper stainless steel grades involves weighing four qualities in the following order of importance: HOW TO SELECT A GRADE OF STAINLESS Corrosion or Heat Resistance the primary reason for specifying stainless. The specifier needs to know the nature of the environment and the degree of chemical / heat resistance required both during production and cleaning Mechanical Properties particularly strength at production and cleaning temperatures. The combination of corrosion resistance and strength is the basis for selection. Fabrication Operations how the product will be made e.g., forging, machining, forming, welding, stamping, roll forming etc. Total Cost include material and production costs and consider the cumulative savings of a long lived maintenance-free product. Chemical / Heat Resistance Type 304 stainless steel is versatile and wide ranging. It serves a variety of industrial, architectural, consumer, and transportation applications. It offers a high level of resistance to corrosion but will eventually show signs of tarnish over time. 304’s composition provides a better structural advantage and durability than other grades of stainless steel. For manufacturing purposes it’s customizable and easy to fabricate; making it the most widely used commercial stainless steel today.
    [Show full text]
  • The Identification and Prevention of Defects on Anodized Aluminium Parts
    The Identification and Prevention of Defects on Anodized Aluminium Parts Chiswick Park, London, extruded and anodised aluminium louvres. by Ted Short, Aluminium Finishing Consultant © Metal Finishing Information Services Ltd 2003. 1 Reproduction of any part of this document by any means without the prior written permission of the publisher is strictly prohibited. Table of Contents - Click a heading to view that section Summary .................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Categorisation of Defects........................................................................................................................................................... 6 Defect recognition – General ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 Part 1. Pitting Defects ................................................................................................................................................................ 9 1a. Atmospheric corrosion of mill finish sections ........................................................................................................................... 9 1b. Finger print corrosion of
    [Show full text]
  • Magnesium Casting Technology for Structural Applications
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 1 (2013) 2e22 www.elsevier.com/journals/journal-of-magnesium-and-alloys/2213-9567 Full length article Magnesium casting technology for structural applications Alan A. Luo a,b,* a Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA b Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA Abstract This paper summarizes the melting and casting processes for magnesium alloys. It also reviews the historical development of magnesium castings and their structural uses in the western world since 1921 when Dow began producing magnesium pistons. Magnesium casting technology was well developed during and after World War II, both in gravity sand and permanent mold casting as well as high-pressure die casting, for aerospace, defense and automotive applications. In the last 20 years, most of the development has been focused on thin-wall die casting ap- plications in the automotive industry, taking advantages of the excellent castability of modern magnesium alloys. Recently, the continued expansion of magnesium casting applications into automotive, defense, aerospace, electronics and power tools has led to the diversification of casting processes into vacuum die casting, low-pressure die casting, squeeze casting, lost foam casting, ablation casting as well as semi-solid casting. This paper will also review the historical, current and potential structural use of magnesium with a focus on automotive applications. The technical challenges of magnesium structural applications are also discussed. Increasing worldwide energy demand, environment protection and government regulations will stimulate more applications of lightweight magnesium castings in the next few decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Koch Capabilities
    KOCH CAPABILITIES COATING SYSTEMS MATERIAL HANDLING THERMAL SOLUTIONS ACOUSTICAL SOLUTIONS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION George Koch Sons | Evansville, Indiana For more than 140 years, we’ve helped our customers meet the needs of their customers. Environmentally Responsible Solutions Koch Headquarters In all of our business endeavors, KOCH is committed to providing USA Tel: 888-873-5624 equipment and services that respect the environment and use the KochLLC.com least amount of natural resources possible. HISTORY In 1873, George Koch opened a small tin, copper, and ironwork shop in Evansville, Indiana. As word of his honesty and craftsmanship grew, so did his list of customers. By the early 1930s, his sons and grandsons were working with customers throughout the Midwest and around the country on a wide range of related activities, including high quality, cost-effective paint finishing systems. By the 1970s, their sons and grandsons were working with customers around the world on state- of-the-art paint finishing systems and related systems and technologies. 2 TODAY Innovation and excellence have always been the George Koch Sons philosophy. From George Koch’s example of determination, optimism and faith in our industrial tomorrow, George Koch Sons has grown into the diverse corporation it is today. From the small tin shop on Pennsylvania Street, to a diversified global organization, George Koch Sons has grown enormously. Today, George Koch Sons, LLC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Koch Enterprises, Inc. It is still headquartered in Evansville, but now has more paint finishing systems online than any other company, in nearly 40 countries around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Fein Metalworking Catalogue
    JUNE 2018 FEIN METALWORKING CATALOGUE FEIN is the declared solution provider, as confirmed by professionals. For over 150 years, the FEIN brand has stood for application solutions and premium quality. Today this long-established company is a power tool manufacturer with an international reputation as a first class German manufacturer that develops and produces products that provide solutions for the metalworking, interior construction and automotive sectors. FEIN is the specialist for professional and extremely reliable power tools for industry and skilled trades. Each and every FEIN high performance power tool meets the challenge of solving an application with an operator-oriented approach, living up to the FEIN reputation for durability and performance. WELCOME TO FEIN FEIN CANADA FEIN CANADA Since 1964, the FEIN Canadian Power Tool Company has followed closely in the footsteps of history and tradition by offering the Canadian market quality products. With a high level of application expertise and service, FEIN Canada is recognized as a solution provider to the industrial and renovation markets. FEIN: the core drilling specialists FEIN offers you a core drilling system for metal in which machine, core bits, and accessories are precisely matched to each other. Robust and durable core drills, with an extensive range of cutters and system accessories, to provide the correct solution for every application. FEIN: proven in metalworking Grinders, nibblers, shears, hacksaws, drills,screwdrivers, balancers and more. With a constantly growing range of industry-specific solutions for metalworking, our industrial and trade customers achieve the maximum in efficiency and productivity. FEIN: high performance abrasives State-of-the-art quality, high performance products made for serious industrial applications yet competitively priced.
    [Show full text]
  • Manistee County Page 1 of 23
    State of Michigan Date Rendered: 6/1/2018 [email protected] 2018 Prevailing Wage Rates for State Funded Projects Unofficial Rates For Informational Purposes Only Manistee County Page 1 of 23 Classification Straight Time and Double Name Description Hourly a Half Time Overtime Provision Asbestos & Lead Abatement Laborer Asbestos & Lead Abatement Laborer MLDC $41.30 $55.23 $69.16 H H H X X X X D Y Comment 4 ten hour days @ straight time allowed Monday-Saturday, must be consecutive calendar days Apprentice Rates: Trainee 600 hours + 1 calendar year $30.22 $33.28 $41.73 Asbestos, Lead and Mold Abatement, Hazardous Material Handler Asbestos, Lead and Mold Abatement, Hazardous Material AS207 $40.75 $54.25 $67.75 H H H X X X X D Y Handler Comment Four ten hour days @ straight time allowed Monday-Saturday, must be consecutive calendar days Boilermaker Boilermaker BO169 $54.70 $81.08 $107.45 H H H H H H H D Y Apprentice Rates: 1st 6 months $40.31 $59.49 $78.67 2nd 6 months $41.45 $61.21 $80.95 3rd 6 months $42.57 $62.88 $83.19 4th 6 months $43.69 $64.57 $85.43 5th 6 months $44.81 $66.24 $87.67 6th 6 months $48.63 $72.50 $96.36 7th 6 months $49.32 $73.01 $96.69 8th 6 months $51.58 $76.40 $101.21 Unofficial Rates For Informational Purposes Only County: Manistee zz alpha web rates Date Rendered: 6/1/2018 Manistee County Page 2 of 23 Classification Straight Time and Double Name Description Hourly a Half Time Overtime Provision Bricklayer Bricklayer BR9-40 $43.21 $55.53 $67.85 H H H H H H H D Y Comment Make up day allowed 4 10s allowed M-F, Saturday
    [Show full text]