Magnesium Casting Technology for Structural Applications
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Overview of Current Challenges in Self-Pierce Riveting of Lightweight Materials †
Proceedings Overview of Current Challenges in Self-Pierce Riveting of Lightweight Materials † Mathias Jäckel *, Thomas Grimm, Ronald Niegsch and Welf-Guntram Drossel Department Mechanical Joining of the Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Nöthnitzer Str. 44, 01187 Dresden, Germany; [email protected] (T.G.); [email protected] (R.N.); [email protected] (W.-G.D.) * Correspondence: [email protected] † Presented at the 18th International Conference on Experimental Mechanics, Brussels, Belgium, 1–5 July 2018. Published: 9 May 2018 Abstract: This paper shows an overview of different analyses regarding current challenges at self-pierce riveting with solid rivets as well as semi-tubular rivets of lightweight materials like aluminum die casting, carbon fiber reinforced plastic and 7xxx series aluminum alloy. The joining process analyses will demonstrate the cause and the development as well as the influence on joint quality of individual joining process-induced defects. In addition, methods are described how these imperfections can be avoided or reduced. Keywords: mechanical joining; lightweight materials; self-pierce riveting 1. Introduction The importance of environment friendly mobility strengthens the need of lightweight design in the automotive industry. Due to this need, lightweight materials such as aluminum and carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are used more and more in automotive car body constructions. According to the limited weldability, joining these materials by mechanical joining techniques such as self-pierce riveting with solid (SPR-S) or semi-tubular rivets (SRP-ST) has been established. The challenge in this regard is that these materials have limited forming capacities (e.g., aluminum die casting, CFRP) or vulnerability regarding stress corrosion cracking (e.g., 7xxx series aluminum alloy), while the joining processes locally induce large plastic deformations and tensile stresses. -
Rettelsesblad / Supplerende Meddelelser Nr
Dato 9. februar 2016 Sagsbehandler Stine Kirkeskov Mail [email protected] Telefon Dokument 15/10041-54 Side 1/55 To the Bidders RETTELSESBLAD / SUPPLERENDE MEDDELELSER NR. 5 CORRECTION SHEET/ SUPPLEMENTARY NOTICE NO. 5 Fjordforbindelsen Frederikssund, Dual carriageway Marbækvej - Skibbyvej, inclusive of a High Bridge Udbud 14210.001 Vej- og broarbejder This correction sheet sets out the corrections and additions to all the tender material as defined in the Document List (Contractual documents, Tender documents and Information Room documents). Queries from bidders with the associated answers are attached as an appendix. Corrections are shown in bold italics and highlighted in grey. Corrections and additions: Bidders are hereby notified of the following corrections and additions to the tender documents for the above-mentioned contract: Vejdirektoratet Telefon +45 7244 3333 Guldalderen 12 [email protected] SE 60729018 2640 Hedehusene vejdirektoratet.dk EAN 5798000893450 Bestemmelser om udbud og tilbud (BUT): Rettelse til BUT 5.3.2 (Dialogrunder) afsnit 8: ”Tilbudsgiverne bør ikke deltage med mere end 5 deltagere per dialogmøde, idet Vejdirektoratet ønsker en fokuseret proces. De enkelte mødedeltagere kan dog udskiftes efter behov, således at Tilbudsgiver altid løbende kan tilpasse kredsen af mødedeltagere i forhold til de temaer, der konkret skal drøftes.” er ændret til: ”Tilbudsgiverne bør ikke deltage med mere end 5 deltagere per dialogmøde, idet Vejdirektoratet ønsker en fokuseret proces. De enkelte mødedeltagere kan dog udskiftes efter behov, således at Tilbudsgiver altid løbende kan tilpasse kredsen af mødedeltagere i forhold til de temaer, der konkret skal drøftes. Denne udskiftning må kun foretages under pauserne. Det forventes, at Tilbudsgiverne vil holde eventuelle udskiftninger til et minimum, for at undgå for- styrrelser. -
Troubleshooting Decorative Electroplating Installations, Part 5
Troubleshooting Decorative Electroplating Installations, Part 5: Plating Problems Caused Article By Heat & Bath Temperature Fluctuations by N.V. Mandich, CEF, AESF Fellow Technical Technical In previous parts of this series, emphasis was given The fast-machining steels must then be carburized to troubleshooting of the sequences for pre-plating or case-hardened to obtain a surface with the hardness and electroplating over metals, Parts 1 and 2;1 required to support the top chromium electroplate. the causes, symptoms and troubleshooting for Case hardening is the generic term covering several pores, pits, stains, blistering and “spotting-out” processes applicable to steel or ferrous alloys. It changes phenomena, Part 3;2 and troubleshooting plating on the surface composition of the top layer, or case, by plastic systems, Part 4.3 Here in Part 5, causes and adsorption of carbon, nitrogen or a mixture of the two. some typical examples of problems that occur in By diffusion, a concentration gradient is created. The electroplating as a result of a) thermal, mechanical heat-treatments and the composition of the steel are surface treatments, b) the metallurgy of the part to additional variables that should be addressed and taken be plated or c) effects of plating bath temperature into account in the electroplating procedure. on plating variables and quality of the deposits When discussing the effect of heat-treatment on are discussed. subsequent electroplating processes it is necessary to zero in on the type of heat-treatment involved. We Nearly every plater has at one time or another had the can defi ne the heat-treatment process as changing the experience of trying to plate parts that simply would characteristics of the parts by heating above a certain not plate. -
Review Onaluminium and Its Alloysfor Automotive Applications
REVIEW ONALUMINIUM AND ITS ALLOYSFOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS Md.Tanwir Alam1, Akhter Husain Ansari2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aligarh, Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India. ABSTRACT Aluminium has a density around one third that of steel or copper. It is one of the lightest commercially available metals in the markets. The resultant high strength to weight ratio makes it an important structural material. This allows an increased payloads or fuel savings for transport industries in particular. In the present scenario, a review of aluminium and its alloys have been made to consolidate some of the aspects of physical, mechanical and wear behavior. The importance of aluminium and its alloys as engineering materials is reflected by the fact that out of over 1600 engineering materials available in the market today more than 300 wrought aluminium alloys with 50 in common use. These materials initially replaced cast iron and bronze alloys but owing to their poor wear and seizure resistance.These materialswere reported by the number of researchers for the past 25 years. In the present study, based on the literature review, the aluminium and its alloys have been discussedin quite detail. Aluminium and its alloys are finding increased applications in aerospace, automobile, space shuttle, underwater, and transportation applications. This is mainly due to light weight, improved physical, mechanical and tribological properties like strong, stiff, abrasion and impact resistant, and is not easily corroded. Key words:Aluminium, Aluminium Alloys, Alloy Designations, Aluminium Technical Data I.INTRODUCTION The possibility of taking advantage of particular properties of the constituent materials to meet specific demands is the most important motivation for the development of any specific material. -
Boilermaker Health & Safety Manual
Boilermakers Health & Safety Manual ihsa.ca Boilermakers Health & Safety Manual Infrastructure Health & Safety Association 5110 Creekbank Road, Suite 400 Mississauga, Ontario L4W 0A1 Canada 1-800-263-5024 ihsa.ca 1 Boilermakers Health & Safety Manual IHSA has additional information on this and other topics. Visit ihsa.ca or call Customer Service at 1-800-263-5024. The contents of this publication are for general information only. This publication should not be regarded or relied upon as a definitive guide to government regulations or to safety practices and procedures. The contents of this publication were, to the best of our knowledge, current at the time of printing. However, no representations of any kind are made with regard to the accuracy, completeness, or sufficiency of the contents. The appropriate regulations and statutes should be consulted. Readers should not act on the information contained herein without seeking specific independent legal advice on their specific circumstance. The Infrastructure Health & Safety Association is pleased to answer individual requests for counselling and advice. This manual was developed, reviewed, and endorsed by the Boilermakers Labour-Management Health and Safety Committee in association with IHSA. Manual IHSA editor: Lori-Lynn Bonnell, design and illustrations: Philippa Giancontieri; project manager: Mike Russo. The Infrastructure Health & Safety Association would like to thank the members of the working group for contributing their knowledge, experience, and time to produce a health and safety manual that will benefit both labour and management in the boilermaker sector. The working group included representatives from the Boilermaker Contractors’ Association (BCA) as well as: · Marty Albright – Alstom Power Canada Inc. -
Interchange Modification Report
I-26 / Naval Base Terminal Access Road Interchange INTERCHANGE MODIFICATION REPORT CHARLESTON COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA Prepared for: South Carolina Department of Transportation Prepared by: Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc. May 2012 I-26ȀPortAccessRoadInterchangeModificationReport TABLEOFCONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Project Location.................................................................................................................................................. 3 Project History.................................................................................................................................................... 3 Project Description ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Project Purpose and Need .................................................................................................................................. 9 Project Conceptual Design ................................................................................................................................ 11 Interchange Modification Report (IMR) Scope.................................................................................................. -
Metabo Introduces the 18V Brushless Rivet
Contact: Andrea Brogan Metabo Corp. Phone: (610) 436-5900 1231 Wilson Dr. Fax: (610) 436-9072 West Chester, PA 19380 [email protected] www.metabousa.com PRESS RELEASE Metabo introduces the 18V Brushless Blind Rivet Gun Compact, powerful and ergonomic solution for riveting July 2018 – West Chester, PA - Metabo Corporation, a leading international manufacturer of industrial grade cordless and corded power tools and accessories, introduces the 18V Brushless Blind Rivet Gun. The 18V Brushless Blind Rivet Gun (NP 18 LTX BL 5.0) is perfect for securing steel/stainless steel or aluminum in place. It can rivet up to 3/16” in steel and ¼” in aluminum. And with a compact 4.0 Ah LiHD (Lithium High Density) battery, it can secure 2,000 3/16” rivets on a single charge and has a pulling force of 2,250 lbs. “Metabo has thought of everything when creating this cordless tool. It is not only as fast as an air tool but is a problem solver on many levels. Metabo revolutionizes the sheet metal assembly process by making it cordless,” says Antoine Derché, Metabo’s Director of Product and Marketing. This one-handed rivet gun is extremely fast, lightweight and balanced for maximized ergonomics. It includes safety features, such as; hand protection guard, balancing loop, integrated nose piece storage and a LED light for illumining work. It also has a transparent container attached to the back for convenient storage of pins that doubles as a tool for quick changing nose pieces. The 18V Brushless Blind Cordless Rivet Gun, when combined with the Metabo 18V High-speed Drill (BE 18 LTX 6) creates a powerful duo for all your riveting needs! The 18V High-speed Drill has a no-load speed of 4,000 rpm, 35 inch lbs. -
ASTM-B-211 Aluminum
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. Designation: B211/B211M − 19 Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rolled or Cold Finished Bar, Rod, and Wire1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation B211/B211M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense. 1. Scope* 2.2 ASTM Standards:3 B221 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Ex- 1.1 This specification2 covers rolled or cold-finished bar, truded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes rod, and wire in alloys (Note 1) and tempers as shown in Table B221M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy 2 [Table 3]. Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes (Metric) NOTE 1—Throughout this specification use of the term alloy in the B316/B316M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum- general sense includes aluminum as well as aluminum alloy. Alloy Rivet and Cold-Heading Wire and Rods NOTE 2—The term cold finished is used to indicate the type of surface B557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast finish, sharpness of angles, and dimensional tolerances produced by Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products drawing through a die. -
Bifilm Inclusions in High Alloyed Cast Iron
materials Article Bifilm Inclusions in High Alloyed Cast Iron Marcin Stawarz * and Malwina Dojka Department of Foundry Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 7 Towarowa Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-32-338-5532 Abstract: Continuous improvement in the quality of castings is especially important since a cast without defects is a more competitive product due to its longer lifecycle and cheaper operation. Producing quality castings requires comprehensive knowledge of their production, crystallization process, and chemical composition. The crystallization of alloyed ductile iron (without the addition of magnesium) with oxide bifilm inclusions is discussed. These inclusions reduce the quality of the castings, but they are a catalyst for the growth of spheroidal graphite that crystallizes in their vicinity. The research was carried out for cast iron with a highly hyper-eutectic composition. Scanning electron microscopy and EDS analysis were used in the research. A detailed analysis of the chemical composition was also carried out based on the spectrometric method, weight method, etc. Based on the obtained results, a model of spheroidal graphite crystallization near bifilm inclusions was proposed. The surface of the analyzed graphite particles was smooth, which suggests a primary crystallization process. The phenomenon of simple graphite and bifilm segregation towards the heat center of the castings was also documented. Keywords: bifilms; spheroidal graphite; alloyed cast iron; crystallization Citation: Stawarz, M.; Dojka, M. Bifilm Inclusions in High Alloyed Cast Iron. Materials 2021, 14, 3067. 1. Introduction https://doi.org/10.3390/ Foundry engineering processes are prone to many issues during casting manufactur- ma14113067 ing that may influence the final casting quality. -
Simulation of Tube Hydroforming Process Using Bidimensional Finite Element Analysis with Hyperworks
IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 3 Issue 5, May 2016. www.ijiset.com ISSN 2348 – 7968 Simulation of tube hydroforming process using bidimensional finite element analysis with HyperWorks Juan Carlos Cisneros1, Isaías Angel2 1 Engineering Department, UPAEP/ Electronic Faculty, Puebla, Puebla, 72410, Mexico 2 AgDesign, Inc., 2491 Simpson St. Kingsburg, CA 93631, USA Abstract the action of a pressurized fluid, that usually is water mixed with anticorrosive additives. In this process Nowadays, an intense competition exists among the many tools are required, like: a vise to hold raw manufacturing enterprises that try to bring to the market material, a pressure supply system, pistons for the products with a better quality, the least cost and as fast as supply of axial feeding (in case of tube hydroforming) possible. Because of this, particularly the automotive ones and a process control system. are looking for alternatives that will improve their production processes. The hydroforming process for The industry with more benefits by the tubular parts had benefited manufacturing industries, hydroforming and specially by the tube hydroforming especially the automotive industry. This because by this is the process it is possible to obtain complex geometry pieces, lighter, more resistant, made with fewer steps and at the automotive one, that has implemented this technique lowest price, which would have been harder with other in their products for reducing the parts fabrication methods. In this work, the simulation of tubes’ steps, obtaining a greater component’s resistance, hydroforming process is presented into a virtual minimizing the cost of tools, achieving more tight environment of Finite Element Analysis, this to obtain the tolerances compared to the stamping process and appropriate hydroforming parameters for the Elbow Pipe piece that takes part of the exhaust system of an automobile above all lower manufacturing costs [2]. -
Improving the Performance of Magnesium Alloys for Automotive Applications
High Performance and Optimum Design of Structures and Materials 531 Improving the performance of magnesium alloys for automotive applications R. O. Hussein & D. O. Northwood Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Canada Abstract Magnesium and its alloys are attractive to the automotive industry for their inherent light-weight which leads to highly fuel-efficient design. However, due to a low melting temperature (650°C), magnesium has relatively poor elevated temperature mechanical properties, e.g., creep. This has, therefore, restricted its use in applications such as engine components. Magnesium is also a highly reactive metal and has inherently poor corrosion and wear resistance. Improved corrosion and wear performance can be obtained through alloying and microstructural engineering. However, for enhanced corrosion and tribological properties, the use of surface engineering techniques involving coatings is mandatory. Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO), also known as “Micro-Arc Oxidation (MAO)”, has been used to successfully produce oxide layers on magnesium alloys with excellent tribological and corrosion resistant properties. By controlling the PEO process parameters, uniform, relatively pore-free and well adhered coatings can be produced which can provide adequate corrosion protection. The coating requirements for good tribological properties are somewhat different than for good corrosion performance. However, good tribological performance combined with good corrosion performance can -
Machining Magnesium – Datasheet
DATASHEET DATASHEET • Machining Magnesium 254 † Magnesium is the lightest structural metal and Table 1. Relative power and comparative machinability of metals. exhibits excellent machinability. Some of the AISI - B1112 Relative advantages of machining magnesium compared to Metal machinability power other commonly used metals include: index (%) Magnesium alloys 1.0 500 • Low power required – approximately 55% of that Aluminium alloys 1.8 300 required for Al Mild steel 6.3 50 • Fast machining – employing the use of high cutting speeds, large feed rates and greater depths of cut Titanium alloys 7.6 20 • Excellent surface finish – extremely fine and smooth surface achieved Speeds, feeds and depths of cut • Well broken chips – due to the free-cutting qualities of magnesium The potential for high speed machining of • Reduced tool wear – leading to increased tool life magnesium alloys is usually only limited by the stability of the component in the clamping device, To fully exploit and enjoy the advantages of chip extraction or the rotation speed or accuracy machining magnesium, it is important that the unique limits of the tool or machine. Some relative cutting characteristics of the metal are understood. speeds using HSS tools are given in Table 2. Cutting speeds are also dependant on the tool material. Cutting power and machinabilty Higher speeds can be enjoyed with the use of carbide or poly-crystalline diamond (PCD) tooling. The mean specific cutting force (ks1.1) of magnesium is 280 N/mm2, this is much lower than that of In general, cutting speeds are between aluminium (approx 640 N/mm2). The result of this 200 – 1800 m/min with feed rates greater than means that there is a reduced load on the cutter and 0.25 mm/rev for turning and boring operations.