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Patriarchy, Male Dominance, the Role and Women Empowerment in Nigeria
Patriarchy, male dominance, the role and women empowerment in Nigeria Abidemi R. Asiyanbola Department of Geography and Regional Planning, Faculty of the Social Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Paper submitted for presentation as poster at the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP/UIESP) XXV International Population Conference Tours, France, 18-23, 2005 2 ABSTRACT In the paper, the nature of male dominance and roles in Nigerian family is empirically analyzed and discussed. The data used in the study were obtained through a cross-sectional survey of 233 households in Ibadan between November 1999 and April 2000. ANOVA, paired samples‘t’ test and correlation statistical techniques were used to analyze the data. The result of the study shows that there is no significant intra-urban variation in male dominance within domestic units, but significant intra-urban variation at p<.05 is found in male activities/roles within domestic units. A significant difference at p<.01 is found between male and female activities/roles within domestic units with the female doing much of the domestic activities. No significant relationship is found between male activities/roles and their socio-economic characteristics. These results suggest that men are majorly affected by cultural orientation, and women empowerment could be enhanced through a re-orientation of men via gender education. 1.0 INTRODUCTION From time immemorial, Nigerian society has been a patriarchy society (Aina, 1998). Patriarchy structure has been a major feature of the traditional society. It is a structure of a set of social relations with material base which enables men to dominate women (Stacey 1993; Kramarae 1992; Lerner 1986; Humm 1989; Aina 1998). -
Brahmanical Patriarchy and Voices from Below: Ambedkar's Characterization of Women's Emancipation
Open Political Science, 2020; 3: 175–182 Research Article Harsha Senanayake*, Samarth Trigunayat Brahmanical Patriarchy and Voices from Below: Ambedkar‘s Characterization of Women’s Emancipation https://doi.org/10.1515/openps-2020-0014 received May 8, 2020; accepted June 2, 2020. Abstract: Western feminism created a revolution on the international stage urging the world to look at things through the perspective of women who were historically suppressed because of their gender, yet in many instances, it failed to address the issue of women in the Indian subcontinent because of the existence of social hierarchies that are alien concepts to the western world. As a result, the impact of western feminist thinkers was limited to only the elites in the Indian subcontinent. The idea of social hierarchy is infamously unique to the South Asian context and hence, in the view of the authors, this evil has to be fought through homegrown approaches which have to address these double disadvantages that women suffer in this part of the world. While many have tried to characterize Ambedkar’s political and social philosophy into one of the ideological labels, his philosophy was essentially ‘a persistent attempt to think things through’. It becomes important here to understand what made Ambedkar different from others; what was his social condition and his status in a hierarchal Hindu Society. As a matter of his epistemology, his research and contribution did not merely stem from any particular compartmentalized consideration of politics or society, rather it encompassed the contemporary socio-political reality taking into consideration other intersectionalities like gender and caste. -
Unequal, Unfair, Ineffective and Inefficient Gender Inequity in Health: Why It Exists and How We Can Change It Women and Gender
Unequal, Unfair, Ineffective and Inefficient Gender Inequity in Health: Why it exists and how we can change it Final Report to the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health September 2007 Women and Gender Equity Knowledge Network Submitted by Gita Sen and Piroska Östlin Co-coordinators of the WGEKN1 Report writing team Gita Sen, Piroska Östlin, Asha George 1 We are very grateful to the members and corresponding members of the WGEKN, and the authors of background papers for their willingness to write, read, comment and send material. Special thanks are due to Linda Rydberg and Priya Patel for their cheerful and competent support at the different stages of this report. We would also like to thank Beena Varghese for her inputs to the report. Members Rebecca Cook Rosalind Petchesky Claudia Garcia Moreno Silvina Ramos Adrienne Germain Sundari Ravindran Veloshnee Govender Alex Scott-Samuel Caren Grown Gita Sen (Coordinator) Afua Hesse Hilary Standing Helen Keleher Debora Tajer Yunguo LIU Sally Theobald Piroska Östlin (Coordinator) Huda Zurayk Corresponding members Pat Armstrong Jennifer Klot Jill Astbury Gunilla Krantz Gary Barker Rally Macintyre Anjana Bhushan Peggy Maguire Mabel Bianco Mary Manandhar Mary Anne Burke Nomafrench Mbombo James Dwyer Geeta Rao Gupta Margrit Eichler Sunanda Ray Sahar El- Sheneity Marta Rondon Alessandra Fantini Hania Sholkamy Elsa Gómez Erna Surjadi Ana Cristina González Vélez Wilfreda Thurston Anne Hammarström Joanna Vogel Amparo Hernández-Bello Isabel Yordi Aguirre Nduku Kilonzo Authors of background papers -
Understanding Patriarchy
Foundation Course 1 Human Rights, Gender & Environment Understanding Patriarchy Suranjita Ray• Subordination of women to men is prevalent in large parts of the world. We come across experiences where women are not only treated as subordinate to men but are also subject to discriminations, humiliations, exploitations, oppressions, control and violence. Women experience discrimination and unequal treatment in terms of basic right to food, health care, education, employment, control over productive resources, decision-making and livelihood not because of their biological differences or sex, which is natural but because of their gender differences which is a social construct. “Sex is considered a fact - one is born with either male or female genitalia. Gender is considered a social construction - it grants meaning to the fact of sex. Conversely, it could be said that only after specific meanings came to be attached to the sexes, did sex differences become pertinent” (Geetha, 2002: 10). Gender based discriminations and exploitations are widespread and the socio-culturally defined characteristics, aptitudes, abilities, desires, personality traits, roles, responsibilities and behavioral patterns of men and women contribute to the inequalities and hierarchies in society. Gender differences are man made and they get legitimised in a patriarchal society. This paper attempts to link the theoretical dimensions of patriarchy with its empirical experiences to engage in the ongoing debates and discussion on “patriarchy” which manifests itself in various forms of discriminations, inequalities, hierarchies, inferior status and position of women in society. Thus it is important to understand patriarchy in terms of its multiplicity, complexities and dynamics. What is Patriarchy? Patriarchy literally means rule of the father in a male-dominated family. -
Black South African Women's Fight Against Patriarchy and Apartheid
W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 4-2010 The Revolution Will Be Recognized: Black South African Women's Fight Against Patriarchy and Apartheid Candace Lillie Bond College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Recommended Citation Bond, Candace Lillie, "The Revolution Will Be Recognized: Black South African Women's Fight Against Patriarchy and Apartheid" (2010). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 652. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/652 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Revolution Will Be Recognized: Black South African Women’s Fight Against Patriarchy and Apartheid A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelors of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies from The College of William and Mary By Candace Lillie Bond Accepted for ___________________________________ (Honors, High Honors, Highest Honors) Leisa D. Meyer________________________________ Director Robert Vinson ________________________________ James D. La Fleur_______________________________ Williamsburg, VA April 22, 2010 Table of Contents Preface……………………………………………………………………………………….....iii Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….…….1 Section I. Indigenous -
The Role of Matriarchies and Patriarchies in Social Evolution
THE ROLE OF MATRIARCHIES AND PATRIARCHIES IN SOCIAL EVOLUTION VIS-À-VIS BACHOFEN AND HIS INFLUENCE ON THE SOCIAL SCIENCES A Thesis by RACHEL ROMERO Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May 2008 Major Subject: Sociology THE ROLE OF MATRIARCHIES AND PATRIARCHIES IN SOCIAL EVOLUTION VIS-À-VIS BACHOFEN AND HIS INFLUENCE ON THE SOCIAL SCIENCES A Thesis by RACHEL ROMERO Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved by: Chair of Committee, Stjepan G. Mestrovic Committee Members, William Alex McIntosh John McDermott Head of Department, Mark Fossett May 2008 Major Subject: Sociology iii ABSTRACT The Role of Matriarchies and Patriarchies in Social Evolution Vis-à-vis Bachofen and His Influence on the Social Sciences. (May 2008) Rachel Romero, B.A., University of North Texas; B.A., University of North Texas Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Stjepan G. Mestrovic Johan Jakob Bachofen (1815-1887) was a Swiss anthropologist and sociologist whose 1861 book, Mother Right: An Investigation of the Religious and Juridical Character of Matriarchy in the Ancient World is best known for his radical claims that matriarchy preceded patriarchy, and that matriarchy is the source of human society, religion, and morality. Scholars have acknowledged Bachofen’s influence on a long list of writers, including but not limited to: Lewis Henry Morgan, Friedrich Nietzsche, Thomas Mann, Friederich Engels, Karl Marx, Erich Fromm, Joseph Campbelll, Emile Durkheim, Carl Gustav Jung, Thorstein Veblen, Ferdinand Tonnies, and Pitirim Sorokin. -
The Limits of Patriarchy How Female Networks of Pilfering and Gossip Sparked the First Debates on Rural Gender Rights in the 19Th-Century Finnish-Language Press
laura stark The Limits of Patriarchy How Female Networks of Pilfering and Gossip Sparked the First Debates on Rural Gender Rights in the 19th-Century Finnish-Language Press Studia Fennica Ethnologica The Finnish Literature Society (SKS) was founded in 1831 and has, from the very beginning, engaged in publishing operations. It nowadays publishes literature in the fields of ethnology and folkloristics, linguistics, literary research and cultural history. The first volume of the Studia Fennica series appeared in 1933. Since 1992, the series has been divided into three thematic subseries: Ethnologica, Folkloristica and Linguistica. Two additional subseries were formed in 2002, Historica and Litteraria. The subseries Anthropologica was formed in 2007. In addition to its publishing activities, the Finnish Literature Society maintains research activities and infrastructures, an archive containing folklore and literary collections, a research library and promotes Finnish literature abroad. Studia fennica editorial board Markku Haakana, professor, University of Helsinki, Finland Timo Kaartinen, professor, University of Helsinki, Finland Kimmo Rentola, professor, University of Turku, Finland Riikka Rossi, docent, University of Helsinki, Finland Hanna Snellman, professor, University of Jyväskylä, Finland Lotte Tarkka, professor, University of Helsinki, Finland Tuomas M. S. Lehtonen, Secretary General, Dr. Phil., Finnish Literature Society, Finland Pauliina Rihto, secretary of the board, M. A., Finnish Literary Society, Finland Editorial Office SKS P.O. Box 259 FI-00171 Helsinki www.finlit.fi Laura Stark The Limits of Patriarchy How Female Networks of Pilfering and Gossip Sparked the First Debates on Rural Gender Rights in the 19th-Century Finnish-Language Press Finnish Literature Society • Helsinki Studia Fennica Ethnologica 13 The publication has undergone a peer review. -
State of Academia: Understanding Power and Counter-Power
1 This essay was submitted as part of TNI's call for papers for its S tate of Power 2015 report. The essay was not shortlisted for the final report and therefore TNI does not take responsibility for its contents. However the Editorial Board appreciated the essay and it is posted here as recommended reading. State of Academia: Understanding Power and Counter-power Raihan M. Sharif Abstract: The academia within the Military-Industrial-Complex reinforces neoliberal capitalism and deters revolution in and through its promotion of inadequate forms of resistance. The politics of fear within the biopolitical management of life chances both disciplines people and empties out their capacity to engage with any radical social movement. As a reaction to this tragic dovetailing of their desire and scope to protest, people have to take recourse in and through fragmented resistance or micropolitics theorized by Scott, Certeau, Bhabha, Foucault and Deleuze. With the postmodern rejection of the grand narratives, the academia has participated in fetishizing fragmented resistance. But the present paper critiques these fetishized forms of resistance. It argues that the fragmented resistance recommends compromise with and adaptation to the manipulative system on the excuse of prioritizing survival. Also, the paper develops a spatiotemporal dialectic using which the WikiLeaks and new social movements can attempt for radical changes and revolution. The incorporation of academia within the neoliberal capitalist project is often criticized as the project of the Military-Industrial-Academic-Complex (Chomsky, 1997; Robin, 2003; Giroux 2007). What Henry Giroux told about his stay in Pen State is still true about all universities: “[…] faculties were becoming irrelevant as an oppositional force. -
The Architecture of Patriarchy: Houses, Women and Slaves in the Eighteenth-Century South African Countryside
The Architecture of Patriarchy: Houses, Women and Slaves in the Eighteenth-Century South African Countryside Martin Hall This paper originated in my attempt to understand the materiality of colonialism at the Cape of Good Hope.1 How did material things-buildings, farmlands, street grids, personal possessions, domestic utensils, food-contribute to the mapping out of the colony? What were the relationships between such systems of signification and the discourses of colonial power? This route of inquiry led me to the question of the eighteenth-century Cape gable; ornate plaster work standing above the front doors, side wings and back facades of rural manor houses. These gables are sometimes dated or datable, and they are usually attributable, in that the land on which they stand was often freehold and taxed, leaving clear traces in the transfer documentation and census roll. Their prominence in the colonial landscape-often framed by other buildings and avenues of trees, and designed to be seen by all approaching-indicates that, par excellence, they were artifacts signifying colonial possession and domination.2 Re-evaluating the Cape Gable in this way is also a political project. The mythology of the eighteenth-century Cape has contributed in a major way to the naturalization of white domination and colonial control, and the image of the benign patriarch sitting at ease beneath the oaks, in front of his whitewashed facade, smoking his long clay pipe in satisfaction and contemplating the securing of civilization against the barbaric chaos of Africa, permeates popular history. However, this project has proved more difficult than expected. -
POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGY: an Introduction, Third Edition
POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGY: An Introduction, Third Edition Ted C. Lewellen PRAEGER Political Anthropology POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGY An Introduction Third Edition Ted C. Lewellen Foreword by Victor Turner, Written for the First Edition Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lewellen, Ted C., 1940– Political anthropology : an introduction / Ted C. Lewellen ; foreword to the first edition by Victor Turner.—3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–89789–890–7 (alk. paper)—ISBN 0–89789–891–5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Political anthropology. I. Title. GN492.L48 2003 306.2—dc21 2003052889 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright ᭧ 2003 by Ted C. Lewellen All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2003052889 ISBN: 0–89789–890–7 0–89789–891–5 (pbk.) First published in 2003 Praeger Publishers, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.praeger.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 CONTENTS Foreword, Written for the First Edition vii Victor Turner Preface ix 1. The Development of Political Anthropology 1 2. Types of Preindustrial Political Systems 15 3. The Evolution of the State 43 4. Religion in Politics: Sacred Legitimacy, Divine Resistance 65 5. Structure and Process 81 6. The Individual in the Political Arena: Action Theory and Game Theory 95 7. -
Gender and Sexuality
PERSPECTIVES: AN OPEN INTRODUCTION TO CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY SECOND EDITION Nina Brown, Thomas McIlwraith, Laura Tubelle de González 2020 American Anthropological Association 2300 Clarendon Blvd, Suite 1301 Arlington, VA 22201 ISBN Print: 978-1-931303-67-5 ISBN Digital: 978-1-931303-66-8 http://perspectives.americananthro.org/ This book is a project of the Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges (SACC) http://sacc.americananthro.org/ and our parent organization, the American Anthropological Association (AAA). Please refer to the website for a complete table of contents and more information about the book. Perspectives: An Open Introduction to Cultural Anthropology, 2nd Edition by Nina Brown, Thomas McIlwraith, Laura Tubelle de González is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Under this CC BY-NC 4.0 copyright license you are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. 1010 GENDER AND SEXUALITY Carol C. Mukhopadhyay, San Jose State University [email protected] http://www.sjsu.edu/people/carol.mukhopadhyay Tami Blumenfield, Yunnan University [email protected] with Susan Harper, Texas Woman’s University, [email protected], and Abby Gondek, [email protected] Learning Objectives • Identify ways in which culture shapes sex/gender and sexuality. -
Patriarchy and Machismo: Political, Economic and Social Effects on Women
California State University, San Bernardino CSUSB ScholarWorks Theses Digitization Project John M. Pfau Library 2005 Patriarchy and machismo: Political, economic and social effects on women Luis Antonio Prado Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons, and the Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication Commons Recommended Citation Prado, Luis Antonio, "Patriarchy and machismo: Political, economic and social effects on women" (2005). Theses Digitization Project. 2623. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2623 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the John M. Pfau Library at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses Digitization Project by an authorized administrator of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PATRIARCHY AND MACHISMO: POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL EFFECTS ON WOMEN A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University San Bernardino In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Master of Arts in Social Sciences by Luis Antonio Prado March 2004 PATRIARCHY AND MACHISMO: POLITICAL, ECONOMIC~ AND SOCIAL EFFECTS ON WOMEN A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State university San Bernardino by Luis Antonio Prado March 2004 Approved by: :l!-12-/otf Date Randi L. Miller, Ph. D., Chair, Sociology ABSTRACT Within the North American and Latin American societies, Patriarchy and Machismo, the products of cultural adaptations have been the most influential cultural instruments through which men have traditionally achieved control over the social, political and economic systems. The development of this control has been possible through cultural and religious indoctrination on both men and women.