THIS REPORT HAS BEEN PREPARED BY AN EXTERNAL CONTRACTOR AND DOES NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT THE COMMISSION’S VIEW Support for the revision of regulation on CO2 emissions from light commercial vehicles Service request #3 for Framework Contract on Vehicle Emissions Framework Contract No ENV.C.3./FRA/2009/0043 Final report Date: April 26, 2012 Date 26 April 2012 Authors TNO Richard Smokers, Filipe Fraga, Maarten Verbeek, Frank Willems, Roel Massink, Jordy Spreen AEA John Norris and Carlos Martinez CE Delft Bettina Kampman, Linda Brinke, Huib van Essen Ökopol Stephanie Schilling, Andreas Gruhlke, Knut Sander TML Tim Breemersch, Griet De Ceuster, Kris Vanherle, Christophe Heyndrickx Ricardo Simon Wrigley, Simon O’Brien, Angela Johnson IHS Global Insight Dick Buttigieg, Laura Sima, Julien Pagnac, Gwen Dhaene Sponsor European Commission – DG CLIMA Framework Contract No ENV.C.3./FRA/2009/0043 Project name Support for the revision of regulation on CO2 emissions from light commercial vehicles Project number 033.22993 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced and/or published by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without the previous written consent of TNO. In case this report was drafted on instructions, the rights and obligations of contracting parties are subject to either the General Terms and Conditions for commissions to TNO, or the relevant agreement concluded between the contracting parties. Submitting the report for inspection to parties who have a direct interest is permitted. © 2012 TNO Behavioural and Societal Sciences Van Mourik Broekmanweg 6 2628 XE Delft PO Box 49 2600 AA Delft The Netherlands www.tno.nl T +31 88 866 30 00 F +31 88 866 30 10
[email protected] TNO 2 Executive Summary Introduction The European Union has committed itself to a 20% reduction of its greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 compared to 1990, and of 30% in case other major economies make comparable efforts.