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Progress of Stream Measurements

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Progress of Stream Measurements Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 129 Series P, Hydrographic Progress Reports, 84 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIEECTOB REPORT PROGRESS OF STREAM MEASUREMENTS THE CALENDAR YEAR 1904 PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF F. H. NEWELL BY R. E. HORTON, E. JOHNSON, Jr., and JOHN C. HOYT PART VI. Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Drainage WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1905 Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 129, Series P, Hydrographic Progress Reports, 34 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIBECTOB REPORT PROGRESS OF STREAM MEASUREMENTS THE CALENDAR YEAR 1904 PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF F. H. NEWELL BY R. E. HORTON, E. JOHNSON, Jr., and JOHN C. HOYT PART VI. Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Drainage WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1905 CONTENTS. Page. Letter of transmittal........................ M ............................ 5 Introduction............................................................. 7 Cooperation and acknowledgments........................................ 16 Lake Michigan drainage basin............................................. 17 Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mich.............................. 17 Menominee River near Iron Mountain, Mich- -..........-.-..-....- 20 Iron River near Iron River, Mich ................................. 24 Fox River at Wrightstown, Wis................................... 25 St. Joseph River and Portage Creek at Mendon, Mich............... 26 St. Joseph River near Buchanan, Mich............................. 27 Fawn River near White Pigeon, Mich.............................. 30 Kalamazoo River near Allegan, Mich........ ..................... 32 Grand River at North Lansing, Mich .............................. 33 Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich............................... 37 Red Cedar River at Agricultural College, Mich..................... 40 Muskegon River at Newaygo, Mich................................ 41 Manistee River near Sherman, Mich-.............................. 46 Boardman River at Traverse City, Mich............................ 49 Lake Huron drainage basin ....... ........................................ 49 Thunder Bay River near Alpena, Mich ............................ 50 Au Sable River at Bamfield, Mich................................. 52 Rifle River at Omer, Mich ..................... A................. * 55 Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich............................. 56 Flint River at Flint, Mich......................................... 58 Lake Erie drainage basin....................... .......................... 60 Huron River at Dover, Mich...................................... 62 Huron River at Dexter, Mich ..................................... 63 Huron River at Geddes, Mich ....................... ............. 64 Huron River at French Landing, Mich ............................ 66 Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich................................... 67 Maumee River near Sherwood, Ohio............................... 68 Tiffin River near Defiance, Ohio................................... 71 Black River near Elyria, Ohio ............-.....-....-...--.-.---. 74 Cuyahoga River at Independence, Ohio............................ 75 Lake Ontario drainage basin................................................ 79 Oak Orchard Creek near Medina, N. Y............................. 79 Genesee River near Mount Morris, N. ^i........................... 81 Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y...................... .......... 83. Canadice Lake outlet near Hemlock, N. Y .......-......-......---. 86 Honeoye Creek at East Rush, N. Y................................ 87 Skaneateles Lake outlet at Willowglen, N. Y.............--.:.---.. 91 Oswego River at Battle Island, N, Y............................... 93 Seneca River at Baldwinsville, N. Y............................... 96 3 4 CONTENTS. Lake Ontario drainage basin Continued. Page. Onondaga Lake outlet at Long Branch, N. Y....................... 98 Oneida Lake, N. Y ............................................... 101 Oneida River near Euclid, N. Y................................... 102 Chittenango Creek at Chittenango, N. Y......... ................. 104 Salmon River near Pulaski, N. Y...............-..........._...... 107 Black River near Felts Mills, N. Y................................. 110 Moose River at Moose River, N. Y............................... 114 St. Lawrence River drainage basin......................................... 115 Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y ......................... 118 Racquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y.......................... 120 Racquette River near South Colton, N. Y.......................... 122 Lake Cham plain drainage basin ............................................ 124 Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, N. Y......................... 125 Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y............................. 128 Ausable River near Keeseville, N. Y............................... 130 Bouquet River near Willsboro, N. Y............................... 132 Lake George outlet at Ticonderoga, N. Y........................... 133 Mettawee River and tributaries in New York and Vermont......... 135 Poultney River and tributaries in New York and Vermont.......... 136 Great and Little Chazy rivers and tributaries in New York and Vermont ...................................................... 137 Fish Creek at Burgoyne, N. Y..................................... 137 Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt.................................... 139 Winooski River at Richmond, Vt............................... Index ................................................................ ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATE I. Map showing location of principal gaging stations in the United States........................................................ 8 II. Price current meters, with buzzers ............................... 10 FIG. 1. Cable station, showing section of the river, car, gage, etc....... ...... 9 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, HYDROGRAPHIC BRANCH, Washington, D. <?., May 13, 1905. SIR: I transmit herewith the manuscript of Part VI of a series of twelve papers which compose the Report of Progress of Stream Measurements for the Calendar Year 1904. Parts I to VI of this report contain the results of the data collected in the territory east of Mississippi River. Parts VII to XII are devoted to the data collected in the territory west of Mississippi River. The original data for this paper were collected under the direction of District Hydrographers R. E. Horton and E. Johnson, jr. Mr. Horton had charge of the work in New York and southern Michigan, and was assisted by C. C. Covert. Mr. Johnson had charge of the work in the other States, and was assisted by F. W. Hanna. The assembling of the data and the preparation for publication were done under the direc­ tion of John C. Hoyt, who has been assisted by R. H. Bolster, Robert Follansbee, Willis E. Hall, A. H. Horton, H. D. Comstock, F. H. Tillinghast, and R. M. Packard. I request that this manuscript be published as one of the series of Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers. Very respectfully, F. H. NEWELL, Chief Engineer. Hon. CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Director United States Geological Survey. PROGRESS REPORT OF STREAM MEASUREMENTS FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR 1904. PA.BT VI. By R. E. HORTON, E. JOHNSON, Jr., and JOHN 0. HOYT. INTRODUCTION. The hydrographic work of the United States Geological Survey includes the collection of facts concerning and the study of conditions affecting the behavior of water from the time it reaches the earth as rain or snow until it joins the oceans or great navigable rivers. These investigations became a distinct feature of the work of the Survey in the fall of 1888, when an instruction camp was established at Embudo, N. Mex. Since that date the work has been continually and gradually extended as larger funds became available. The first distinctive appro­ priation for gaging streams was made by the act of August 18, 1894, which contained an item of $12,500, "for gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, including the inves­ tigation of underground currents and artesian wells in the arid and semiarid sections. 1'1 (Digest of Appropriations for 1895, p. 270.) Since that time a similar act has been passed each year and the appropriations have gradually increased, as shown in the following table: v Anmjial appropriations for hydrographic surveys. Year ending June 30, 1895 .............................................. $12,500 Year ending June 30, 1896 ...I.......................................... 20,000 Year ending June 30, 1897 .............................................. 50,000 Year ending June 30, 1898 ........... .. .\ .............................. 50,000 Year ending June 30, 1899 .............................................. 50,000 Year ending June 30, 1900 .............................................. 50,000 Year ending June 30, 1901 .............................................. 100,000 Year ending June 30, 1902 .............................................. 100,000 Year ending June 30, 1903 .............................................. 200, 000 Year ending June 30, 1904 .............................................. 200,000 Year ending June 30, 1905 .............................................. 200, 000 Year ending June 30, 1906 ......... .................................... 200,000 7 8 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART VI. [NO. 129. The chief feature of the
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