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General Disclaimer One Or More of the Following https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19770013182 2020-03-22T11:07:53+00:00Z General Disclaimer One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission. Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) N.'__ fi 4 ^ivt;ll I 4 ISSUES: PLANETARY PROGRAM l'_'SS (,, OSS PLANETARY VISSTOW MODEL? (SPECIFIES MARTNER T TER/URANTJS 'Ml SSION IN 1979, MANNER COMET ENCKE T v. !-71ON IN 1.980 WITH PHASE IN FY 1977, AND PTCp '71ON -IN 1980 OR 11981.) 1MPCRTANCE 0-lu LARINER-CLASS MISSION TO URANUS RE LITRES 5kiPITER/URANUS OPPORTUNITY IN 1979 AND FY 1977 EW START)? WHAT IS TI-E PROPER LEVEL OF A CTIVITY FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION IN TdE POST-VIFING EPA? -11OULD NASA WiINTAINI THE TITAN/CENTAUR CAPABILI "UNTIL w EQUIVALENT SHUTTLE/IUS IS 0PEIRATIONAL? ARE SINGLE LAUNCHES ACCEPTABLE FOR ANY C ALL PLANETARY MISSIONS? ACCEPTABLE WIT11 BACKUP 6PTI-014? K Im-L- AIL . ^r.t R^n^^r•'.,._ ... i Or,. THE '1 w ^^., a go, .. •^ ^' r i i 1 f f RFJI RODUCL°", ,'I'Y OF THIJ is POOR i V, r FORMULATION OF OUTER PLANET STRATEGY Mawr«rrn sl.bb^y a. aafr. vl.». t.,N..•.ro. ^eovr A. 4 •. CO+• •rww, C a NrrwH Gw/• OOr»y,brl .. w Nr00rN VwM»ra w/ wr\rA • D. Y. 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Yw N0 NAYi Mr• Aw»», • (.wrr y 1.eryrr• y,.r wr•'..a ¢H Unf»rran nl \er Tar. Aa Vm. 1 r..... f Irl..rnu MNAw « T« nwebry /» ►rrprlrr lr Owwry ID D. 4. » r Nw^» r J. s. M1IIAC\ M. 14rL 1. N. Trba+.r Na ►PrwP.br GOwrwy b•►n r.a a...11wr NASA/M•r, Sr•r,rc0 C.M•r Uwarer•Ay M Glal••w •a V• MrrN• FAY/^ rA Srar f1y0• Carr y ^. n. T. n•yrlr K. G. Pr•nn r . ^aK»rn 1. i r• ^ i MAY; M.w• Ar»rr.• lwrb• V_ A.rrl ,I«w.r..ly.anl Naar• Wr»ciw»n• In•a.b.r.- ul Trcwwl«. U . rtay W t^lalern.. wa l..• A[ya•• Uwawr••ry « GbIN• 4. L Sra^ . T. JbynwN• T. M. Y•t+.r! 1. N. tbW YwMlraa «44rrr N V• w.^.a•• w .r i l^l.w.r+u « Wr AVrle. ► NASA/M+r• Ar»rr.0 fa».• ywrwraa.r..N. b.•r.a.a, ua Tn. a.«IeCr IYY Aawr•.•»•ra 0 Grr 1 .r- I... T,rbr 1. N. !ww fwA[ ryul•arrn G1..rrblry' Wrrcarwww• ► rtr'r «7» Wt•wr lrr f• 14rr•N U.r. rrrny w •rwbt K.C Vy 1 abt 7. N •wll• \OM Mr. br.»rrn a^wbr wAY/A.••r• A•«^r.0 Gr• ^J r ) n !I u agh A. L t FIIIDI I4CS SYMPOSZ'TM ON STRATEGY FOR OUTER PL .tT EXPLORATION i 1.1 "JUPITER SY STE,4 INTENSIVE AND U__RM, US SYSTEM EXPU.RA`B_;RY MISSIONS ARE OF GREAT AND COMPARABLE SCIENTIFIC IMPORTANCE; SUCH MISSIONS ARE TECHNICALLY FEASIBLE IN THE NEAR TERM (1979-1981 LAUNCHES)." 1.3 "MISSIONS DESIGNED TO GO TO THE ORBIT OF U9JkhTUS AND BEYOND ARE ESSENTIAL To THE INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERPLANETARY AND INTERSTELLAR MEDIA." 1.5 "FOR URAL:JS MISSIONS: -^. OF IiIGiIEST SCIENTIFIC IMPORTANCE ARE AN ENTRY PROBE INVEST CATION OF THE URANIAN ATMOSPHERE, GOOD IMAGING OF THE SATELLITES, WND PARTICLES A,ND FIELDS MEASUREMENTS. OF VERY GREAT IMPORTANCE IS INI'RARED SPECTROSCOPY A_ND RADIOMETRY. b. THE MOST HIGIILY DESIRABLE MISSION IN CONCEPT IS MJUP, WHICH S TICULD BE INSTRUn-=A—ED I^: SUCA A WAY AS TO GIVE GOOD "lEASUREr 4EUTS IN PURSUIT OP THE ABOVE OBJECTIVES. w. c. IF IT TS NOT POSSIRLE TO CARRY OUT AN MJUp FISSION, TIIEN THE SCIENTIFIC ''7 pp OBJECTIVES OF THIS 14ISSION MUST BE DIVIDED BETiti'EEN TWO MISSIONS, WiLi AND A PIONEER PROBE CARRIER TO URANUS, EACH OF WIiICH IS AN EXCELLENT MISSION COMPLEMENTARY TO TI TLE OTHER. IN TIiIS EVENT. SOPE BELIEVES THAT MJU SHOULD BE TIIE FIRST IfISSICN, TO BE LAUNCHED IN 1979 FCR CEI,ES`IIAL .I MECHANICS REASONS, AND SCPE FURTIIER BELIEVES THAT A PIO-11TEER CARRYING A PROBE TO THE ATMOSPHERE OF URANUS S:1OULD FOi,LOta AS SOON AS PGSSIBLE ^b^ O TI?EREAFTER. THE MJU MISSION WOULD ALSO MARE AN INPORTAN`T INCREMENTAL ADDITION TO THE STUDY OF THE JCVIAN SYSTEM,." a ^ . 1 600 ► 00 1 -- 400 m to cm Z z 300 m Appo 4 :d C.3 n Q 200 w OO 100 ^ d E4 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 FISCAL YEAR NASA 1'0 slis 16113 t 13.75 i I j FUNDING FOR A LOW-'COST 1.71T OPTION (FY 75 $M) 1 i ` FYXG TRAN S 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 'TOTAL MARINER SUBSYSTEM BUY 5.4 1.3 6.7 MJTU PROJECT 13.4 29.2 25.7 7.2 7.3 5.5 5.4 7.1 8.1 108.9 TOTAL 115.6 ^i T LAUNCH VEHICLE . 4 .4 8.0 20.6 9.9 2.9 4:2.2 BACK-UP LAUNCH VEH. (.2) ( . 2) (1.8)(17.8) ( 14.7) (3.0) I - - TOTAL (INCLUDING L/V) 157,8 Gy r ^j PREFACE One of the recommendations from the Space Science } Board study, "Opportunities and Choices in Space Science, 1974, " was "that NASA undertake an lm'medi- ate reexamination of the strategy for exploration of the outer solar system during the next decade. " In response to that recommendation, NASA's Planetary Programs Office formed a number of scientific work- ing groups to study in depth the potential scientific return from the various candidate missions to the outer solar system. (See accompanying chart. ) The results of these working group studies were then brought together in a series of symposia to evaluate the potential outer planet missions and to discuss strategies for exploration of the outer solar system that were con- ' sistent with fiscal constraints and with anticipated spacecraft and launch vehicle capabilities. The partici- pants in the symposia, listed below, included the chair- men of each of the working groups, augmented by addi- tional experts in planetary sciences: A. G. W. Cameron, Chairman Harvard College Observatory W. B. Hubbard University of Arizona t D. M. Hunters Kitt Peak National Observatory J. S. Lewis Massachusetts Institute of Technology T. C. Owen State University of New York at Stony Brook vii i _ - C Sagan Cornell University P. H. Stone Massachusetts Institute of Technology I J. A. Van Allen University of Iowa This document is a distillation of the numerous technical and programmatic discussions during the symposia, and it describes what the participants concluded to be a logical, scientifically sound and cost effective approach to exploration of the outer solar system. In addition to the participants in the symposia, I wish to thank all the members of the working groups and the personnel from NASA Headquarters, the Ames Research Center, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and Science Application, Inc., who provided detailed descriptions of the various candidate missions and performed various analyses in support of the working group deliberations. To all of these contributors go our sincere thanks for N a most thorough analysis of complex issues and for clear, well -thought -out and concise conclusions. 1-2. ! • t Robert S. Kraemer Director of Planetary Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration rte: .....viii FORMULATION OF OUTER PLANE , ^tp Fa-, lJ Symposium on Strategy fur Outer Planet Explorrttion "S'OPE" A.
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