(Heteroptera: Nabidae) from the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans
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DAMSEL BUGS Hemiptera: Nabidae Nabis Alternatus, N
Modified from Ralph E. Berry. 1998©. Insects and Mites of Economic Importance in the Northwest. 2nd Ed. 221 p. DAMSEL BUGS Hemiptera: Nabidae Nabis alternatus, N. americoferus ___________________________________________________________________________ DESCRIPTION Adults are tan or grayish-brown, with piercing- sucking mouthparts and well-developed wings. The membranous portion of the first pair of wings has a number of small cells around the margin. The front pair of legs is modified for grasping their prey. They have slender bodies, and are about 4 to 12 mm long. Nymphs resemble adults, except they are smaller and have no wings. LIFE HISTORY Western damsel bug adult feeding on lygus Damsel bugs overwinter as adults in protected places around the margins of fields. Adults of the Western damsel bug, N. alternatus, begin emerging in May or early June and N. americolferus begins emerging in late March or early April. Adults begin laying eggs soon after emergence. Eggs are flattened on top and are inserted into soft plant tissue along the stems. Eggs hatch into nymphs, which feed on small insects, mites, or eggs. Early instar nymphs may be found on the soil surface beneath plants and under litter near the stems. N. americolferus has two complete Western Damsel bug nymph generations each year with little overlap between the develoopmental stages. N. alternatus has numerous, overlapping generations during the season. DAMSEL BUG IMPORTANCE ADULTS EGGS, NYMPHS, ADULTS Adults and nymphs feed on many soft-bodied insects, OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS including aphids, spider mites, leafhoppers, small ADULTS caterpillars, and insect eggs including those of the J F M A M J J A S O N D Colorado potato beetle. -
Review of the West Indian Arachnocoris Scott, 1881 (Hemiptera: Nabidae), with Descriptions of Two New Species, and a Catalog of the Species1
Life: The Excitement of Biology 4(1) 32 Review of the West Indian Arachnocoris Scott, 1881 (Hemiptera: Nabidae), with Descriptions of Two New Species, and a Catalog of the Species1 Javier E. Mercado2, Jorge A. Santiago-Blay3, and Michael D. Webb4 Abstract: We review the West Indian species of Arachnocoris, a genus of spider-web dwelling kleptoparasitic nabids. We recognize five species: A. berytoides Uhler from Grenada, A. darlingtoni n. sp. from Hispaniola, A. karukerae Lopez-Moncet from Guadeloupe, A. portoricensis n. sp. from Puerto Rico, and A. trinitatis Bergroth from Trinidad. West Indian Arachnocoris antennal and profemoral color banding patterns are useful diagnostic characters and may have evolved to mimic their spider hosts, which are often island endemic spiders in the family Pholcidae. We provide a simplified and illustrated key to the species based on external characters. A catalog for the 16 recognized species of Arachnocoris is presented. Keywords: Hemiptera, Nabidae, Arachnocoris, new species, Neotropical, West Indies Introduction The Nabidae are a relatively small family in the insect order Hemiptera with approximately 20-30 genera and 400-500 described species (Henry 2009, Faúndez and Carvajal 2014). All described species are terrestrial predators. Some species are considered beneficial to humans as these help control populations of agricultural pests. Several species of Nabis have been reported as biting humans (Faúndez 2015). Within the Nabidae Arachnocoris is one of two genera in the tribe Arachnocorini. The arachnophilic genus5 Arachnocoris Scott is a small and little-known group of specialized kleptoparasitic nabids that spend their life- stages living in a relatively treacherous habitat, namely a spider’s web, particularly non-sticky portions of it (Henry 1999; Mercado-Santiago-Blay 2015; Figure 1, this paper). -
Garden Pest Insects and Their Control
Joseph Berger, Bugwood.org Curriculum Clemson University Bugwood.org Tomato pest management Kaushalya Amarasekare, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Entomology Department of Agric. and Environ. Sciences College of Agriculture Tennessee State University Nashville, TN Univ. of California-Statewide IPM Project Univ. of California-Statewide IPM Project Goal The goal of this training is to educate stakeholders on arthropods (pest insects and mites) that damage tomatoes and methods to manage them using integrated pest management (IPM) techniques Objectives Upon completion of this training, the participants will be able to 1) teach, 2) demonstrate and 3) guide growers, small farmers, backyard and community gardeners, master gardeners, and other stakeholders on management of pest arthropods in tomatoes Course Outline 1. Introduction: background information on tomatoes 2. Arthropod pests (insects and mites) of tomatoes a) Early season pests b) Pests during fruit set to harvest 3. Summary 4. References 1. Introduction Tomatoes Hornworm damage to foliage • An easy and popular vegetable to grow • Problems/issues: caused by nutrient deficiencies, diseases, and / or arthropod (insect and Julie Pioch Michigan State University Extension mite) pests • Need to assess the symptoms and use appropriate control measures • Good cultural practices: reduce or eliminate many Hornworm damage to fruits University of California Cooperative Extension- problems Master Gardeners of Sacramento County Tomatoes in Tennessee • 2012: TN ranked 6th in the nation for production -
Antipredator Behavior of Colorado Potato Beetle Larvae Differs by Instar and Attacking Predator
Biological Control 53 (2010) 230–237 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Control journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ybcon Antipredator behavior of Colorado potato beetle larvae differs by instar and attacking predator Ricardo A. Ramirez a,*, David W. Crowder a, Gretchen B. Snyder a, Michael R. Strand b, William E. Snyder a a Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA b Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA article info abstract Article history: To avoid capture by predators, herbivores often deploy predator avoidance or deterrence behaviors. Received 30 July 2009 Chemical defenses of Colorado potato beetles (CPB, Leptinotarsa decemlineata) have been described, but Accepted 10 January 2010 little is known about antipredator behaviors of CPB larvae in response to attack by generalist predators. Available online 15 January 2010 We examined the behavioral responses of second, third, and fourth instar CPB larvae when contacted by predatory lady beetles (Hippodamia convergens) or damsel bugs (Nabis alternatus). Of these predators, Keywords: only the damsel bug readily captures CPB larvae. First, in simple Petri-dish arenas we touched single Leptinotarsa decemlineata CPB larvae with either a lady beetle or damsel bug adult attached to the end of a wooden dowel, or a bare Solanum tuberosum dowel as a control. Larvae responded to predator contact by walking away, rearing up, regurgitating onto Non-trophic effects Nabis their ventral surface, wiggling their bodies, and/or defecating. The number of behavioral responses Hippodamia increased significantly when larvae were touched with a predator compared to a bare dowel, when larvae were in later instars, and when larvae were contacted by a damsel bug rather than a lady beetle. -
Pale Damsel Bug Nabis Capsiformis Germar (Insecta: Hemiptera: Nabidae)1 Karol L
EENY-703 Pale Damsel Bug Nabis capsiformis Germar (Insecta: Hemiptera: Nabidae)1 Karol L. Krey and Justin M. Renkema2 Introduction reports have found Nabis capsiformis with a range through- out South America, Russia, Africa, and Europe (Kerzhner The pale damsel bug, Nabis capsiformis (Germar), one of and Henry 2008; Scharff 1912). In a study by Kerzhner the most widespread Nabis species, is a generalist predator (1983), it was reported as the only nabid species recovered that can be found in open areas, including coastal habitats from aerial insect samples taken over the Atlantic, Indian, (Lattin 1989). It is commonly reported throughout the and Pacific Oceans. southeastern United States, in a variety of ecosystems, it is particularly common in field and row crop agroecosystems. All nympal and adult life stages of Nabis capsiformis are Description excellent predators and can typically eat one lepidopteran Adult Nabis capsiformis are generally pale to light brown. egg or aphid per day when small and as many as two Their bodies are elongated and covered with fine white dozen eggs or other prey as later instars and adults. They hairs. The head is narrow and covered sparsely with whitish can survive for up to two weeks without food and become hairs, which are more abundant ventrally (Figure 1). They cannibalistic if other prey are unavailable. They use their have a brown area between the eyes and antennae that run thickened raptorial front legs that are lined with spines to laterally (Figure 1, Cornelis et al. 2012). Antennae are long catch and hold prey, then suck out the body contents with and slender with small hairs. -
Intraplant Distribution of Three Nabis Species (Hemiptera: Nabidae)., and Impact of N
Intraplant Distribution of Three Nabis Species (Hemiptera: Nabidae)., and Impact of N. roseipennis on Green Cloverworm Populations in Soybean S. K. BRAMAN AND K. V. YEARGAN Department of Entomology. University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 Environ. Entomol. 18(2): 240-244 (1989) ABSTRACT The within-plant distributions of Nabis america/ems (Carayon), N. roseipen nis Reuter, and N. ru/WiculWi Reuter differ in soybean. N. americo/erWi adults are located in the upper canopy, whereas adults of the other two species are located lower in the plant canopy. Early-instar nymphs of all three species are vertically separated from their respective adult stages. Nabids were observed to feed on a wide variety of arthropods including pest, beneficial, and innocuous species. The seasonal abundance of nymphal N. rosetpennis and the within-plant overlap of its distribution with early instars of the green cloverworm sug gested that it may be an effective predator on this pest species. N. roseipennis nymphs were successful in reducing numbers of green cloverworm larvae in the field in the presence of other predators and alternative prey under minimally modified conditions. Starting densities of 20-25 third instars per 0.9-m plot resulted in up to 50% reduction in subsequent green cloverworm populations. KEY WORDS Insecta, predators, Nabis america/ems, Nabis m/usculWi NABIDS ARE generalist predators (Harris 1928) and 1972). We also report the impact of N. roseipennis, are often strikingly abundant in many agricultural the nabid species which produces the greatest crops (Dinkins et aL 1970, Wheeler 1977, Pitre et nymphal populations in soybean in central Ken aL 1978, Irwin & Shepard 1980). -
INSECTS of MICRONESIA Neididae, and Nabidae1
INSECTS OF MICRONESIA Coreidae (Alydini by J. C. Schaffner), Neididae, and Nabidae 1 By GORDON F. GROSS SOUTH AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM, ADELAIDE INTRODUCTION This report includes the Coreidae, Neididae, and Nabidae of Micronesia. In the Coreidae, the whole section on the tribe Alydini in the Alydinae and the corresponding part of the distribution table are contributed by J. C. Schaffner; I (G. F. G.) am responsible for the remainder of the paper. The collections studied were made by Kyushu University, Japan, from 1936-1940; by Bernice P. Bishop Museum in 1936; by United States mili tary personnel from 1944 to 1946 and by collectors for the Pacific Science Board and the National Research Council from 1947 to 1954. New material was added by Brown and Tuthill in 1956, Sabrosky in 1957, and Gressitt in 1958. The United States Office of Naval Research, the Pacific Science Board (National Research Council), the National Science Foundation, and Bishop Museum have made this survey and publication of the results possible. Field research was aided by a contract between the Office of Naval Research, De partment of the Navy and the National Academy of Sciences, NR 160-175. Specimens are in the collections of Bishop Museum (BISHOP), Kyushu University (KU), and Chicago Natural History Museum (CM). Several specimens were retained for the South Australian Museum collections. I 1 This represents, in part, Results of Professor T. Esaki's Micronesian Expeditions (1936-1940), No. 118. DISTRIBUTION LIST OF MICRONESIAN COREIDAEJ NEIDIDAEJ AND NABIDAE MICRONESIAN ISLAND GROUPS co Caroline A .. .~ .~ " .... ~ co co A= .. .. ..... Other ::;l :::S co '; .. '2 ::a . -
Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE Published 30.vi.2010 Volume 50(1), pp. 33–44 ISSN 0374-1036 An annotated catalogue of the Iranian Nabidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Hassan GHAHARI1), Rauno E. LINNAVUORI2), Pierre MOULET3) & Hadi OSTOVAN4) 1) Department of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shahre Rey Branch, Tehran, Iran; e-mail: [email protected] 2) Saukkokuja 10, FIN-21220 Raisio, Finland; e-mail: rauno.linnavuori@kolumbus.fi 3) Museum Requien, 67 rue Joseph Vernet, F-84000 Avignon, France; e-mail: [email protected] 4) Department of Entomology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The Iranian fauna of the Nabidae is summarized in this paper. In total, four genera (Alloeorhynchus Fieber, 1860, Himacerus Wolff, 1811, Nabis Lat- reille, 1802 and Prostemma Laporte, 1832), 22 species and subspecies are listed from Iran. Three of these species are new for the Iranian fauna: Nabis (Nabicula) fl avomarginatus Scholtz, 1847, Nabis (Nabis) rugosus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Prostemma carduelis Dohrn, 1858. Key words. Heteroptera, Nabidae, catalogue, Iran, Palaearctic Region Introduction Damsel bugs (Heteroptera: Nabidae) have a worldwide distribution and include approxi- mately 400 species in about 20 genera (KERZHNER 1981, 1996; KERZHNER & HENRY 2008). All known species are predators of adults and larvae of various stages and groups of insects, e.g., aphids, leafhoppers and lepidopteran eggs and young caterpillars. They may be commonly found on low herbaceous vegetation, shrubs and grasses (LATTIN 1989). They have not been used as biological control agents but are considered benefi cial in natural biological control. The classifi cation of the Nabidae is conjectural. -
Arthropod Survey of 'Öpae 'Ula and Adjacent Summit Areas of the Ko
Arthropod Survey of ‘Öpae ‘ula and Adjacent Summit Areas of the Ko‘olau Mountains, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i David J. Preston , Dan A. Polhemus, Keith T. Arakaki, and Myra K. K. McShane Hawaii Biological Survey, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawaii, 96817-2704, USA Submitted to Hawaii Department of Land And Natural Recourses Division Of Forestry And Wildlife Hawaii Natural Area Reserve System 1151 Punchbowl Street, Room 325 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 June 2004 Contribution No.2004-010 to the Hawaii Biological Survey 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................2 METHODS............................................................................................................................................2 COLLECTION SITES .........................................................................................................................2 Table 1: Collection sites .......................................................................................................................3 Figure 1. Sample sites...........................................................................................................................4 RESULTS..............................................................................................................................................4 Table 2: Insects and related arthropods collected from the upper Käluanui drainage, Ko’olau Mountains..............................................................................................................................................6 -
Beet Armyworm, Spodoptera Exigua (Hübner) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)1 J
EENY105 Beet Armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)1 J. L. Capinera2 Introduction and Distribution The beet armyworm originated in Southeast Asia. It was first discovered in North America about 1876, when it was found in Oregon, and it reached Florida in 1924. It rarely overwinters in areas where frost kills its host plants. Thus, overwintering is generally limited to Arizona, Florida, and Texas. Nevertheless, beet armyworm invades the southern half of the United States (Maryland to Colorado to north- ern California, and south) annually. Except in greenhouses, it rarely is a pest except in southern states. Description and Life Cycle Figure 1. Newly hatched larva of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera Seasonal activity varies considerably according to climate. exigua (Hübner). In warm locations such as Florida, all stages can be found Credits: Lyle Buss, UF/IFAS throughout the year, although development rate and overall abundance are reduced during the winter months (Tingle Egg and Mitchell 1977). The life cycle can be completed in as Eggs are laid in clusters of 50 to 150 eggs per mass. Normal few as 24 days, and six generations have been reared during egg production is about 300 to 600 per female. Eggs are five months of summer weather in Florida (Wilson 1934). usually deposited on the lower surface of the leaf, and often near blossoms and the tip of the branch. The individual eggs are circular when viewed from above, but when examined from the side the egg is slightly peaked, tapering to a point. The eggs are greenish to white in color, and covered with a layer of whitish scales that gives the egg mass a fuzzy or cottony appearance. -
The Archaeological Record of Human Impacts on Animal Populations
P1: GKW/RKP P2: GKW Journal of World Prehistory [jowo] PP169-340412 May 30, 2001 19:18 Style file version Nov. 19th, 1999 Journal of World Prehistory, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2001 The Archaeological Record of Human Impacts on Animal Populations Donald K. Grayson1 Recent archaeological research has fundamentally altered our understanding of the scope of past human impacts on nondomesticated animal populations. Predictions derived from foraging theory concerning the abundance histories of high-return human prey and diet breadth have been met in many parts of the world. People are known to have introduced a broad variety of nondomes- ticated animals, from sponges to agoutis and rats, to a remarkably broad set of contexts, in turn causing a wide variety of secondary impacts. By increas- ing the incidence of fire, human colonists have in some cases transformed the nature of the vegetation on the colonized landscape, in turn dramatically af- fecting animal populations on those landscapes. In island settings, these triple threats—predation, biotic introductions, and vegetation alteration—routinely led to extinctions but there is no archaeological evidence that small-scale soci- eties caused extinction by predation alone on islands or continents. Indeed, the recent history of this famous argument suggests that it is better seen as a state- ment of faith about the past rather than as an appeal to reason. Perhaps most importantly, our burgeoning knowledge of past human impacts on animals has important implications for the conservation biology of the future. KEY WORDS: prehistoric human impacts; biogeography; extinction; translocation; conservation. INTRODUCTION There is an interesting debate going on among those interested in con- servation biology, one that would be surprising to many, and perhaps most, 1Department of Anthropology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Box 353010, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; e-mail: [email protected]. -
Field Guide to Predators, Parasies and Pathogens Attacking Insect And
B--60476 7/8/05 1:17 PM Page 1 E-357 7-05 Field Guide to Predators, Parasites and Pathogens Attacking Insect and Mite Pests of Cotton RecognizingRecognizing thethe GoodGood BugsBugs inin CottonCotton by Allen Knutson and John Ruberson B--60476 7/8/05 1:17 PM Page 2 Field Guide to Predators, Parasites and Pathogens Attacking Insect and Mite Pests of Cotton by Allen Knutson and John Ruberson This publication was made possible in part through financial support provided by Cotton Incorporated. Cover photograph by W. Sterling of an immature (nymph) spined soldier bug, a predator of bollworms and other caterpillars in cotton. Authors: Allen Knutson, Professor and Extension Entomologist, Texas Cooperative Extension, Texas A&M Research and Extension Center-Dallas, 17360 Coit Road, Dallas, TX 75252 John Ruberson, Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31794. Editor: Edna M. Smith, Communications Specialist, Texas Cooperative Extension. Designer: David N. Lipe, Assistant Graphic Designer and Communications Specialist, Texas Cooperative Extension. Texas Cooperative Extension Edward G. Smith, Director The Texas A&M University System College Station, Texas B--60476 7/8/05 1:17 PM Page 3 CONTENTS Introduction 3 Acknowledgments 4 How to Use This Book 6 Biology of Natural Enemies 7 Use of Natural Enemies 11 Sampling for Natural Enemies 12 Further Reading 15 Table of cotton pests and their natural enemies 16 Pesticides and Natural Enemies 20 Table of chemical classes and cotton insecticides 23 Predators