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CLASSIFICATION of MATTER - VOCABULARY Atom the Smallest Particle of an Element That Retains Its Chemical Properties

CLASSIFICATION of MATTER - VOCABULARY Atom the Smallest Particle of an Element That Retains Its Chemical Properties

CLASSIFICATION OF - VOCABULARY The smallest of an element that retains its chemical properties. A basic unit of matter that consists of a dense positively charged nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The smallest unit of a substance which can exist by itself and retain all its chemical properties. A group of held together by chemical bonds. (The atoms in the molecule can identical as in H2 , O3 , P4 , and S8 or different as in H2O and NH3 .) matter Anything that occupies space and has mass. (, , radio waves are forms of .) substance (chemical substance, pure substance) A form of matter () that has constant and definite properties (physical properties such as density, point, boiling point, electrical conductivity etc. as well as characteristic chemical properties). Substance made of a single type of microscopic particle (atom or molecule) and has a . element (1) A chemical substance consisting of one type of atom. It is synonymous with the term elementary substance as opposed to compound. that is made of individual atoms and that is made of diatomic both exemplify this first concept. (2) A species of atoms; all atoms found in that have the same number of in the nucleus. and oxygen found chemically combined in exemplify this second concept. compound () A substance whose molecules consists of unlike atoms (atoms of different elements) and whose constituents (chemically bonded elements) cannot be separated by physical means. A form of matter (material) that has variable chemical composition and variable properties. It is a combination of two or more substances whose (atoms or molecules) retain their identities. The substances are combined without a chemical change and can be separated without a chemical change. homogeneous mixture (solution) A mixture whose components are thoroughly mixed at the molecular level. The largest present are atoms and/or molecules. (A homogeneous mixture looks uniform under the most powerful optical . Its components will not settle down under gravity and will not be separated by filtration. Aqueous solutions is the most common example; they can be colored, but they are always clear meaning one can see through. Another common example are of .) heterogeneous mixture A mixture consisting of two or more homogeneous parts or regions (called phases). It either appears nonuniform or its nonuniform nature can be revealed by some optical techniques (microscopy, light scattering etc.) Matter (, , gas)

Substances Physical Mixtures (constant composition) Change (variable composition)

Organic Elementary Chemical Compounds Homogeneous Compounds Heterogeneous Substances Change Mixtures Mixtures Inorganic (or Solutions) Compounds

Metals Ionic Covalent Compounds Compounds

Representative Molecule Formula Unit Atom Atom Molecule Atom Formula Unit Particle

O2, O3, Cl2, SiO2(quartz), P4, S8 SiC NAMES AND SYMBOLS OF 50 MOST COMMON ELEMENTS

I. Ten elements whose symbols are the first letter of the name:

B Boron I S C N U Uranium F Fluorine O Oxygen H Hydrogen P Phosphorus

II. Eighteen elements whose symbols are the first two letters of the name: Al Aluminum Ca Calcium Ne Neon Ar Argon Co Cobalt Ni Nickel Ba Barium He Helium Se Selenium Be Beryllium Kr Krypton Si Bi Bismuth Li Lithium Ti Titanium Br Bromine Mo Molybdenum Xe Xenon

III. Eleven elements whose symbols are made up of the first and the third letters of the name:

As Arsenic Cr Chromium Sr Strontium Cd Cadmium Mg Magnesium Pt Platinum (1st & 4th letter) Cs Cesium Mn Manganese Zn Zinc Cl Chlorine Rb Rubidium

IV. Eleven elements whose symbols are derived from ancient (often Latin) names: Sb Antimony Pb Lead Na Sodium (Stibium) (Plumbum) (Natrium) Cu Copper Hg Mercury Sn Tin (Cuprum) (Hydrargyrum) (Stannum) Au K Potassium W Tungsten (Aurum) (Kalium) (Wolfram; German) Fe Ag Silver (Ferrum) (Argentum) Group 1 17 18 I A VII A VIII A

1 2 13 14 15 16 II A III A IV A V A VI A

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3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 III B IV B V B VI B VII B VIII B VIII B VIII B I B II B

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