1994 SEED CATALOG ENCLOSED! PLUS ACHEMIST'S VIEW OF SEEDS ASURFER'S NURSERY ANNUAL MEETING HIGHLIGHTS American Horticultural Society

The American Horticultural Society seeks to promote and recognize American excellence in horticulture across America. lI()fticllitllrist OFFICERS 1993-1994 Volume 73, Number 1 January 1994 Mrs. Sarah S. Boasberg Chairman Washington, D .C. ARTICLES Dr. William E. Barrick First Vice Chairman Pine Mountain, Georgia Our November cover had a new look, and this month we've revamped the Mr. David M. Lilly inside pages as well. Feedback from many members indicated that they weren't Secretary St. Paul, Minnesota perceiving their news edition as the American Horticulturist and as part of their Mr. Gerald T. Halpin benefits from the American Horticultural Society. So beginning this month, its Treasurer cover, contents page, and type styles are similar to those of the magazine. In Alexandria, Virginia both publications, we're adding new departments in response to members' interest in the environment, children, and small space gardening. Kristin BOARD OF DIRECTORS Bernhart, a talented graphic artist and muralist in Alexandria, Virginia, has Dr. Thomas Amason Birmingham, Alabama designed logos for each of the new departments, more of which you'll be seeing Mrs. Suzanne Bales in February and March. "Gardeners' Q&A" is now "Gardeners' Information Bronxville, New York Service," to help remind members of another major benefit-their privilege of Mr. George C. Ball Jr. West Chicago, Illinois using our toU-free line to get gardening advice of all types from 11 a.m. to 3 Dr. Sherran Blair p.m. Eastern Time each day. "Gardeners' Dateline" and "Regional Notes" Columbus, Ohio Mr. William F. Brinton have been combined as "Regional Happenings," which reports both news and Mount Vernon, Maine upcoming events from around the country. This month's feature section is Mrs. Nancy H. CaUaway shorter than usual in order to make room for yet another member benefit: the Pine Mountain, Georgia Mfs. Beverley White Dunn catalog of our Free Seed Exchange, which entitles members to 15 free packets Birmingham, Alabama of seed donated from other members, commercial seed companies, and Mr. Paul Ecke Jr. Encinitas, California nonprofit seed exchanges. We hope you'll take advantage of it, and let us know Dr. John Alex Floyd Jr. how your seed grows. Birmingham, Alabama Mrs. Julia Hobart Troy, Ohio A Fresh Look at Seeds ...... 6 Dr. Richard L. Lower Madison, Wisconsin Seed-Starting With Recyclables ...... 8 Mr. Elvin McDonald Houston, Texas Mr. William G. PanniU Martinsville, Virginia Mr. Lawrence V. Power DEPARTMENTS New Yock, New York Dr. Julia Rappaport Santa Ana, California Members' Forum ...... 3 Mrs. Jane N. Scarff New Carlisle, Ohio Gardeners' Information Service ...... 4 Mrs. Josephine Shanks Houston, Texas Mail-Order Explorer ...... 5 Mr. Andre Viette Fishersville, Virginia Ms. Katy Moss Warner 1994 Seed Catalog ...... 9 Lake Buena Vi sta, Florida Mr. Monroe Whitton Report From the Annual Meeting ...... 23 Alexa ndria, Virginia AHS Bulletin Board ...... 26

PRESIDENT Regional Happenings ...... 28 Dr. H . Marc Cathey EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Classifieds ...... 30 Mrs. Helen Fulcher Walutes News Briefs ...... 32

2 JANUARY 1994 American Horticulturist

Editor MEMBERS' FORUM Kathleen Fisher Managing Editor Mary Beth Wiesner Assistant Editor Chris Bright What Do You Think? Beware of Black Pine Editorial Assistant A "live" Members' Forum at our Annual In the September "Gardeners' Q&A" col­ Steve Davolt Meeting lets members raise concerns face umn, you advised S.F. of Yaphank, New to face with our Boa rd and staff. But meet­ York, to plant Japanese black pine trees Membership Director Darlene Oliver ing attendance is only a fr action of AHS's (Pinus thunbergiana). They're dying a ll total membership. We would like to hea r over the eastern end of Long Island and being replaced wi th nati ve pl ants, like red from more of you rega rding issues raised Editorial Advisory Board at our October meeting at Disney's Village ceda r. Terry Stein Dr. Gerald S. Barad Resort in Lake Bu ena Vista, Florida. New York, New York Flemington, New Jersey Composting. The Executive Composting John Bryan Sa usa lito, Californ ia Act is a bill, introduced by New York Rep. The Japanese black pine appears on almost John Creech George Hochbrueckner, to encourage the every list ofrecommended trees for seaside Hendersonville, North Carolina president and each state governor to begin gardens. But pine wilt, a disease caused by Keith Crotz Chillicothe, Illin ois home composting at their offi cial res i­ nematodes, has taken a very heavy toll on Panayoti Kelaidis dences. (See "Executive Bins," September.) this species on Long Island, and it would Denve r, Co lorado AHS tries to encourage home composting clearly be risky to plant it in that area. Peter Loewer through its National Home Composting "S.P. " asked about shrubs, and we recom­ Asheville, North Carolina Janet M. Poor Park at Ri ve r Farm, but it does not take mended the Japanese black pine because it Winnetka, Illinois positions on legislation. We would like ad­ has several dwarf cultivars. Dr. James E. Swasey ditional ideas for encouraging home com­ Planting natives is no guarantee against Newark , Delaware posting and descriptions of local programs pests and diseases, as current problems that could be used as models. with dogwood anthracnose and the woolly Children and Young People. Members adelgid on northweastern hemlocks attest. Advertising AHS Advertising Department sa id they would like to see AHS continue But natives that should fare well at S. P. 's 2300 South Ninth Street, Suite 501 its efforts, which began with the nati onal home in Long Island include summer Arlington, VA 22204-2320 sy mpos ium "Children, Plants, and Gar­ sweet (Clethra alnifoli a), bayberry (Myrica (703) 892-0733 dens: Educati onal Opportunities" last pensy lv anica), arrowwood (Viburum den­ Printer summer, to spread information about tatum), American holly (Iiex opaca), ink­ William Byrd Press, Inc. pl ants and ga rdens through yo uth educa­ berry (I. glabra), oak-lea f hydrangea tors. Members suggested that AHS do (Hydrangea quercifolia), highbush blue­ more to reach coll ege students through berry (Vaccinium corymbosum), ground­ Replacement issues of AMERICAN HORTICULTUR · 1ST a re ava il able at a COSt of $2 per copy. The opini ons student member discounts and disse mina­ sel bush (Baccharis halmifoli a), and beach expressed in the articles that appear in AMERICAN tion of informati on on horticultural ca­ plum (Prunus maritima) . HORTICULTURIST are rhose of rhe aurhors and are not necessarily those of the Society. Bota nical nomen· reers. AHS would like other ideas about cIarure in AMERI CAN HO RTICULTU RI ST is based reaching children, older yo uth, and young Found! The Lazy Daisy on HO RTIJS THIRD, Manuscripts, art work, and photographs sent for possible publication wi ll be re­ adults who are just beginning to garden. In November we published a request from rurned if they ate accompanied by a self-a ddressed, Annual and Regional Meetings. AHS Michael Thomas, a member in England, stamped envelope. Wecannor gua rantee the safe retu rn would like to increase opportunities fo r for Xanthisma texana, a Texas native com­ of unsolicited materia l. AMERI CAN HORT ICULTURIST , ISSN 0096-4417, personal contact between members. One monly called the sleepy or lazy dais y be­ is the official publication of the America n Horticultural way is to increase attendance at ,.------, ca use it d o es n 't o pen until Society, 7931 East Boul evard Drive, Alexa ndria, VA 22308-1300, (703) 768-5700, and is iss ued 12 rimes a Annua l M eetings. M embers' midday. Coming to his rescue yea r. The American H orticultural Society is a nonprofit Forum participants suggested was George B. Park, formerly of organization dedicated to excellence in horticulture, Membership in the Society includes a subscription to lowering costs, in creasing family Park Seed Company. Park says he AMERI CAN HO RTICULTURIST. Narional member· participati on with acti vities for is forming a new seed company ship dues ate $45; two yea rs are $80. Foreign dues are $60. $15 of dues are designa ted for AMERICAN children and families and by that will carry "the widest possi- HORTICULTURIST. Copyrighr © 1994 by the Amer­ sc heduling meetings during th e ble selection" of seeds of valuable ica n Horticultural Society. Second-class postage paid at Alexa ndria, Virginia. and at additional mailing of­ summer, and announcing sites several orn amental plants. He pro mised to put fices. Posnnaster: Please send Form 3579 ro AMERI­ yea rs in adva nce. Regional meetings are an interested AHS members on a mailing list CAN H O RTI CULTURI ST, 7931 Easr Boulevard attracti ve opti on, bu t di fficult to organize. to receive a free catalog as soon as the first Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308-1300. AHS would lik e to hear what kind of meet- one is published. Write: George B. Park, Produced in U.S.A. in gs members would 'Iike to attend and Hopewood Inc., P.O . Box 825, Gree n- how regional meetings might be organi ze d. wood, SC 29648.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 3 GARDENERS' INFORMATION SERVICE

Q: When I traveled in New England part in a plant rescue with horticulturists 'Alba', 'All Purple', and 'Emerald'. Some last summer, I discovered a roadside plant from a local botanical garden. The team sources include Holbrook Farm and Nur­ that I was told was fireweed. Could you had learned that housing construction sery, 115 Lance Road, P.O. Box 368, tell me if it will grow in Maryland and if would start soon in a forested area near Fletcher, NC 28732, (704) 891-7790; so,whatnurseriesorseedcompaniescarry their garden. They requested and got per- Powell's Gardens, Route 3, Box 21, it? -E. L., Bethesda, Maryland mission from the developer to go in and dig Princeton, NC 27569, (919) 936-4421; up any plants, including trees, that they felt Woodlander's Inc., 1128 Colleton Avenue, A : You are probably referring to Epilob- were worth saving. Most plant rescues are Aiken, SC 29801, (803) 648-7522; and ium angustifolium, commonly called fire- organized in this fashion and are directed Wrenwood of Berekely Springs, Route 4, weed because it quickly establishes itself in by professional horticulturists or botanists, Box 361, Berekely Springs, WV 25411, burned areas. This upright branched plant and/or volunteers from plant societies, gar­ (304) 258-3071. grows from three to six feet tall with spi- den clubs, or Master Gardener programs. rally arranged six-inch leaves. The inch- S Q: I love growing zinnias but most long flowers, borne on spiky terminal : I would like to try to propagate develop mildew. Are there are any resis­ racemes, are reddish purple. (There is also gin go tree seeds. Do they need any special tant varieties? - T. J., Canton, Ohio a white-flowering form, 'Alba'.) This vig- treatment? -R. D., Rochester, New York orous grower can get somewhat invasive in A A: Here at River Farm for the past two gardens if not kept in line. If it is cut back : Ginkgo biloba seeds need periods of seasons we've been growing some mildew­ half way to the ground in midsummer, it both warm and cold conditioning since the resistant cultivars developed by W. Atlee will become bushier and produce more embryo is still immature in the fall when Burpee & Company. 'Star White', 'Star flowers. It is hardy in USDA Zones 3-7, so the fruits are ripe. Open the fruit and re­ Orange', and 'Star Bright' are a series of should grow in your area, but in the south- move the pulp, and put the seed in moist compact plants 14 inches tall with daisylike ern part of its range it needs a bit of shade sand at 60 to 70 degrees for two months. two-inch flower heads. The latter has or­ from intense summer sun. Some sources Next give the seed two months of cold ange gold petals. All three have bright yel­ include Prairie Nursery, P.O. Box 306, treatment at about 40 degrees. This should low centers. Zinnias in the "Pinwheel" Westfield, WI 53964, (608) 296-3679; be followed by a normal germination tem- series come in a variety of colors. All will Milaeger's Gardens, 4838 Douglas Ave- perature of about 70 degrees. bloom up through frost and tolerate heat nue, Racine, WI 53402, (414) 639-2371; Some fresh seed will germinate when and drought. -Maureen Heffernan Goodwin Creek Gardens, P.O. Box 83, sown directly outdoors in fall, but you will Education Coordinator Williams, OR 97544, (503) 846-7357. obtain better germination rates by giving seed this warm-cold treatment. Q : I would like to learn to organize or Q help with plant rescues. They seem to be : Could you tell me about Mexican USE YOUR GIS coordinated on a grassroots level. Are there sage and where I might get seed or any organizations I might contact for in- plants? -So F., Dallas, Texas The American Horticultural formation? -L. S., Cary, North Carolina A Society's Gardeners' Information : Mexican sage is the common name Service has developed informational A : One organization you should contact for Salvia leucantha, a member of the mint materials that explore more than 30 for information on plant conservation ef- family. It is a graceful, upright, well­ gardening subjects, including butter­ forts and rescues is the Center for .------, branched, evergreen shrub that fly gardening, xeriscaping, moss gar­ Plant Conservation, c/o Missouri grows to about three feet high dening, organic fertilizers, soil Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, and three feet wide. The lance- preparation, children's gardening re­ St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, shaped, deep green leaves are sources, state lists of public gardens, (314) 577-9450. The CPC's Plant finely wrinkled and downy white and plant sources. Prices for the bul­ Conservation Directory lists a underneath. Viol et calyxes give a letins range from 50 cents to $6. wealth of national, regional, and purple cast to the fuzzy white local information on private- and govern- flowers, which bloom on terminal spikes in To receive a complete list of GIS ment-sponsored plant conservation efforts summer through autumn. Mexican sage is publications send a SASE to GIS for all 50 states. hardy only to Zone 9. It will grow in light Catalog, 7931 East Boulevard You're right that plant rescue operations shade but prefers full sun and well-drained Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308-1300. are organized on a local level. This past soil and tolerates drought. There are a summer two AHS summer interns took number of cultivars available, including

4 JANUARY 1994 MAIL-ORDER EXPLORER

Tales of the South Pacific "Anytime yo u have a plant to trial for cold-hardiness, you can count on me." Ever since the golden age of European ex­ Many of the plants Thomas has received ploration, mariners have sail ed the South fro m Trans-Pacifi c have helped him stretch Pacific in quest of economica lly va luable his USDA Zone Sa growing capabilities. plants. In the 18th century, Captain James "When I fir st moved to Bradford, the locals Cook and natura list Joseph Banks returned told me, 'Now, yo u can have fr ost as early to England from their first voyage to Aus­ as late August, and you can have frost as trali a, New Zealand, and Polynesia with late as ea rl y June. ", They were right, but more than 1,000 plant specimens; a few Trans-Paci fi c came to the rescue with sev­ yea rs later the H.M.S. Bounty and its muti­ eral hardy figs and a metasequoia that isn't nous crew went to Tahiti to collect bread­ supposed to grow any farther north than fruit fo r reintroducti on to the West Indies. Zone 5b. Today the spi rit of discovery persists in Established in 1976, Trans-Pacific now Jackson "Jack" M uldoon, owner of Trans­ offers a veritable United Nations of plants, Pacific N ursery in McMinnvill e, Oregon. with represe ntatives fro m the Pyrenees, Sri Tra ns-Pacific's inve ntory reads like a shi p's Sesbania tomentosa, one of many Lanka, Tibet, Tasmani a, Campbell's Island log of all the fa raway places M uldoon has Hawaiian natives offered by (a suba nta rctic possessi o n of N ew visited in search of rare and unusual plants. Trans-Pacific Nursery. Zealand's), Austra li a, Chile, and Zim­ Among other exotica, the 1993 catalog babwe, among other places. A catalog al­ fea tures kangaroo paws (Anigozanthos M uch of M uldoon's rare fl ora origi­ ways includes n ew o fferings fr o m spp.), Tas mani an cy press pine (Ca llitris ob- nated in the southern hemisphere, where he M uldoon's most recent plant-collecting longa), owl eyes (Huernia zebrina) from traveled and worked for severa l years as trip, the last of which was a 1991 trek to Botswana, and pale maidens (Sisyrinchium self-employed plant propagator. "My idea the high alpine regions of eastern Africa, filifolium), "a tiny white iris from the Falk- was to fo ll ow spring around the world." A w here he climbed M ount Kenya and land Islands." se rio us surfe r who first hopped on a board Mount Kilimanj aro. In April 1994 he will " I have to have new and unusual things at age 10, he often hit the beach after a make a plant-hunting foray into the Chi­ in front of me or I get bored. New things, day's work. He worked and surfed his way nese province of Hunan. new experi ences-that's what spurs me through Austra li a, New Zealand, H awaii, Muldo on attributes his style o f on," says M uld oon. If his taste in pl ants and many islands of Oceani a. Since he plantsmanship to the same wellspring of seems esoteric, it is appreciated by his par- would later return to these exoti c locales to independence that led him to surfing. "Surf­ tisan clientele. Willi am Moore, a gardener co llect the unusual stock for his nursery, ing molded me to a certain extent. Surfing from Fl orence, South Caroli na, has bought these peregrinations were a kind of uncon­ is an extremely individualistic sport; my blac k bamboo, a lemon-scented eucalyptus SC IOUS reconnaissance. personality is very individualistic. I like to tree, and a fl owering lotus for his pond. Although most of his plants come fr om do things that haven't been done or haven't Of Trans-Pacific's pl ants, Moore says, the southern hemisphere-from the equa­ been done very much." Heir to a wander­ "The quality is exceptional, but the rea ll y tor nearl y to Antarcti ca-his customers lust and pioneer outlook that Ca ptain Cook amazing thing is the price." He estimates mail, phone, and fax orders fr om as fa r no doubt would approve, Muldoon has th at the Japanese maples he purchased cost north as northern O ntari o. Muldoon sees created a specialty nursery that bears the a fr acti on of what they mi ght at rFiinii_;;;.~rm this as a natural human propen- stamp of that personality. many nurse ri es. A bonsai enthu- sity for wanting what you haven't Customers enj oy sharing the adve n­ siast, Moore has also bought se v- got. "People in the tropics are ture. Says Thomas, "If we had more era I small spruces ideal for that dying for alpine plants. People in nurseri es like Trans-Pacific, we'd be in purpose. the temperate zones are dyi ng for good shape." - Steve Davolt But one treasure fr om Trans- tropical plants." He also poi nts Editorial Assistant Pacific stands out in Moore's out that during the past 10 years mi nd. " He has these black vio lets with or so there has been an explosion of interest Th ose who would lik e to fo llow in bea uti ful, jet black fl owers-if yo u like in extending the cold-hardiness of tropical Muldoon's footsteps from the comfort of bl ack fl owers- and I do." In fac t, Vio la and other southerly plants. home can contact Trans-Pacific Nursery at 'Black Magic' is so distincti ve that M ul - Marvin Thomas, a botany professor at a 16065 Oldsville Road, McMinnville, OR doon had it patented an'd it's now a Trans- University of Pittsburgh sa tellite ca mpus in 97128, (503) 472-6215, or Fax (503) 434- Pac ific exclusive. Bradford , Pennsylva ni a, told M uldoon, 1505. Catalog $2.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 5 A Fresh Look at Seeds

hen you first look at people in the American Rock Garden Soci­ Norman Deno's in­ 'The word drainage ety, it's the bible." structions on germinat­ should be crossed out The bulk of Deno's 242-page home­ ing seed, it's hard to grown publication lists his findings on the imagine that his ap­ throughout the germination of some 2,500 species. The Wproach could actually make things easier. translation of the information on the fringe horticultural Here, for instance, is his comment on the tree, by the way, tells the reader that after fringe tree, Chionanthus virginica: "Seed literature. J warm conditioning, cold conditioning, and germ. best in 70-40-70 (52% in 5-10 w)-40 another exposure to warm conditions, 52 (4 %)-70(28% in 5-7 w) for fresh seed and percent of the seed germinated in five to 10 70-40-70 (45 % in 5-10 w)-40 (9%)-70 weeks, and another 32 percent germinated (46% in 6-10 w) for seed DS 6 m at 70." in further cycles, and that dry storage of If your seed growing is limited to toma­ seeds for six months at room temperature toes, you certainly need no guidance from didn't greatly change this pattern. To keep this Pennsylvania State University emeritus things simple, all of his cold treatments are chemistry professor. But if your taste runs at 40 degrees-the temperature of the av­ more to arctic willows, native shrubs, or erage refrigerator-and all of the warm even hostas, you may find that his self-pub­ treatments are at 70 degrees, the tempera­ lished book, Seed Germination Theory and ture of most rooms. All conditioning lasts Practice, throws a whole new light on the three months. He hasn't yet systematically concept of seed germination. studied whether periods of cold briefer or "What he's done is important for two longer than three months might be as or reasons : for creating a whole new language more effective. "But I suspect that nature of germination that explains the underly­ has evolved that way, that it represents the ing biological processes, and in accumulat­ winter season," he says. ing good, hard data," says Panayoti has collected many seeds for Deno to study. A number of iconoclastic gems are hid­ Kelaidis, curator of the Rock Alpine Sec­ "His book would be valuable for anyone den in his introductory pages (there is little tion of the Denver Botanic Garden, who growing perennials or wildflowers. For li ght reading here). Two of Deno's sugges­ tions regarding the language of seed-start­ ing made so much sense we incorporated them into the catalog of the American Hor­ DE NO'S TECHNIQUE, IN A NUTSHELL ticultural Society's 1994 Free Seed Ex­ change. He calls the subj ect of drai nage "one of ost seeds that don't need light to germinate are started in moistened paper the most pernicious misconceptions in the towels that have been placed in polyethylene bags kept slightly opened to horticultural literature . .. . The word M maintain aerobic conditions. All warm conditioning is at 70 degrees and drainage is like a drumbeat punctuating all cold conditioning is at 40 degrees, and all conditioning is done for three months every paragraph. A plant cannot possibly unless germination is expected to begin before that period is over. In these cases care whether water drains fast or slow the seed is checked weekly. over its roots. If drainage were essential, Lights used to start seeds are ordinary four-foot long, 40-watt fluorescent lights plants could never be grown by hydropon­ connected to an inexpensive timer, always set for 12 hours on and 12 hours off. ics ." What is critical, he writes, is the Plants that need light to germinate and some others with special needs are supply, or more precisely, the pressure of started in 3V2-inch-square plastic pots, also in plastic bags. Although the best oxygen. Seedlings particularly have fast­ seed-starting medium varies from species to species, Deno most often uses a mix growing roots that can quickly become of equal parts peat moss, leaf mold, and perlite, which has a high water holding asphyxiated. If soils have free air space of capacity as well as sufficient free air space. He tamps a layer of peat moss into between 10 and 30 percent-and he has a the bottom of pots, fills them with medium, and sterilizes them right before use simple method to tes t this (see sidebar, by pouring boiling water over them three times. The pots are placed a dozen to page 7)-they drain well and remain aer­ a 12-by-18-inch tray. Lighted shelves can be as little as 14 inches apart for a obic. "The word 'drainage' should be floor-to-ceiling germination station. crossed out throughout the horticultural literature and replaced by the word 'aera­ tion,'" he propounds.

6 JANUARY 1994 Even more disturbing to him is that most as possible being successful growing things people think seeds are dormant until they (Dry storage of seeds from seeds." Then national publicity in are actually sprouting. Five percent of is damaging, October resulted in 2,000 sales. "It looks seeds have physical inhiqitors against ger­ like I may end up making some money after minating; these need to have their seed except for those all," he says, with a tone that sounds very coats sanded, punctured, or even removed. with impervious much like regret. - Kathleen Fisher The rest have chemical inhibitors that are Editor overcome by being subjected to periods of seed coats.'

heat and/or cold, and during this period, , the seed is clearly undergoing chemical SOURCES changes, he says. The word "stratifica­ tion"-which stems from an old English Seed Germination Theory and Practice can tradition of layering seeds in flats out­ be ordered from Norman C. Deno, 139 doors-reinforces the idea of seed passiv­ Lenor Drive, State Coll ege, PA 16801 ity, Deno believes. He prefers to use the for $20. "That's $20 postage paid any­ word "conditioning." where in the world," he emphasizes. "If Another critical factor is the use of gib­ people send $25 or $28, I have to send berellic acid to stimulate germination in the rest back, and it's a lot of trouble." some seeds. "This has been totally missed While there are several commercial sources by everybody!" he says. Gibberellins, of of gibberellic acid solution, Deno uses an which more than 80 types have been iden­ 85 percent pure crystalline form. It can tified, occur naturally in plant embryos, be obtained from Carolina Biological but many seeds don't produce enough to Supply Company for $12.04 per gram. germinate. The application of a readily Call (800) 334-5551 in the East, (800) available crystalline form, GA3, has a 547-1733 in the West, and (800) 632- "major effect" on about a quarter of the of seeds is damaging, almost without ex­ 1231 in North Carolina. species he's tested, and is an "absolute ception, except for those with impervious requirement" for many. It is not something seed coats like legumes and some kinds of a grower wants to use indiscriminantly on mallows. You might be able to drill a hole all seeds, however, since it is fatal to many. in a Kentucky coffee tree seed that had sat MEASURING YOUR SOIL'S AIR Deno starts man y of his seeds not in pots for 50 years and still get germination. But or flats, but in damp, folded paper tow­ the arctic willow seeds I got recently die in els-he recommends ScotTowels because two weeks. Can you imagine that?" eno recommends using the of their strength- slipped inside a Baggie. Another "rule" he disagrees with is that following method to see if This brand of plastic bag is of polyethylene dry seed will keep longer in the refrigerator. D your soil or planting me­ film, permeable to oxygen but not water, He has found so little variation in viability dium is well-aerated: he says, although he keeps his bags open between seed dry stored at 40 degrees ver­ Find a container with a small hole slightly to allow better aeration. This sys­ sus 70 degrees that he has quit comparing in the bottom that can be temporarily tem cuts down drastically on space needed those conditions. closed with a stopper or tape, and fiU to start seeds, and also on the amount of He also feels strongly that endangered 'it with a measured volume of the me­ watering needed. "You have to develop plants should not be roped off and coddled dium. Fill a measuring cup to the top some dexterity" to transplant the smaller in their home environments, but that their mark and pour water into the con­ seedlings, he admits. "I've used toothpicks seed should be as widely dispersed as pos­ tainer until the water level just reaches and forceps." There are a few exceptions: sible. "We should breed them like trout, so the level of the medium. Record the seeds that need light to germinate, for in­ we start worrying about having too many amount of water added. Now remove stance, are started in pots enshrouded in of them, like we do deer." the stopper and let water drain into the the Baggies. Deno says he had planned to take a measuring cup. Ifthe water now in the Deno's studies also address the effects of financial loss on his book, first published cup is 15 to 20 percent of the amount dry storage on seed germination. Authors in 1991 and now in its second printing. As you put into the container, your soil before him have debunked aU the stories a chemist he made a considerable impact­ should be well-aerated enough for about viable seeds being found in ancient and money-with a finding relating to the most species. tombs and caves, he says, although these operation of oil refineries, he says. "I'm myths are extremely persistent. "Dry storage affluent. I just want to see as many people

AM ERICAN HORTICULTURIST 7 Seed-Starting With Recyclables

per. There'll be no transplant shock, and Some recycling ideas the roots will grow through the paper and from Davis~ California~ mesh into the surrounding soil. At the end of the season, you can lift, clean, and store member and the baskets to use again next year. Master Gardener Those same plastic mesh baskets can be used to protect newly sprouted seedlings Yvonne Savio. from birds. By the time the seedlings reach the tops of the baskets, they're no longer as tender and tempting. When seedlings are ready to transplant, an old fork is one of the best tools for separating and lifting them from their flats. H the individual seedlings are growing in a segmented tray, the entire block of growing medium can be lifted without damage to the roots with the handle of the fork, a Featuring 112 full color pages, pencil, or an ice cream stick. Stokes seed catalog is a com­ Use plastic dry-cleaning bags, slit open plete guide to gardening for and cut to the appropriate size, to cover the beginner and the profes­ newly seeded flats or outdoor beds. Out­ sional. The catalog lists over doors, of course, you will need to anchor 2,500 varieties of vegetables, flowers and herbs, including the edges to keep the plastic from blowing more than 250 Stokes Exclu­ away. Remove the sheeting when the seed­ sives. Stokes also carries a full lings are an inch tall. line of helpful garden accesso­ Save boxes just wide enough for seed pack­ To make a series of seed-planting holes ries for around the home. ets to stand up. Sort packets by planting without bending over, use a rubber washer season and put each group in its own box. on a dowel rod. Place the washer on a dowel Get high quality Stokes seed Within each season, arrange packets al­ at a height appropriate to your seed depth. at grower prices, send for your phabetically, or group them into early, mid­ You can also plant the seeds without free Stokes Seed Catalog to­ day! dle, and late-season use. bending over by using a long section of old Use empty citrus rinds for a seed-starting pipe. Just put the pipe in the premade hole Stokes Seeds container. Fill the rind with potting mix, and drop it in the top, then cover the seed 1734 Stokes Bldg., Box 548 I Buffalo, N.Y. 14240-0548 place one or two seeds in each, support it using the end of the pipe. upright, and water to moisten the mix. o YES! Please send my FREE Thin later to one seedling per rind, and AHOT TRICK FROM GIS Stokes Seed Catalog to: transplant the whole unit into the garden, where the rind will decay, You can sterilize seed-starting media in an Name: ______Use pint-sized plastic mesh berry or oven or microwave, using a medium-sized cherry tomato baskets to start seeds in­ potato as your "sterility gauge," Place the Address: ______doors. Cucurbits-cucumbers, melons, medium in the oven to a bout the same depth squash- and other plants that don't like to as you use it in a seed flat. (Be sure not to put be transplanted do especially well with this a metal container in the microwave!) When method. Line the baskets with one or two the potato is done enough to eat, the soil thicknesses of newspaper or paper towel, should be clean enough for your seeds. fi ll them with potting mix, and sow four or Other tips for co ll ecting and starting five seeds in each. Thin seedlings later to seeds are available in two publications one or two plants, or three if you intend to from the American Horticultural Society'S Stokes Seeds plant them in hills rather than rows. The Gardeners' Information Service. Order 1734 Stokes Bldg. "Seed-Saving Tips" or "Seed Germination Box 548 baskets allow plenty of room for root Buffalo, N.V. growth. After frost danger is past, plant the Techniques" by sending $1 and a self-ad­ 14240-0548 L baskets outdoors, making sure soil is dressed, stamped envelope for each to GIS mounded over the plastic and the newspa- at the AHS address.

8 JANUARY 1994 1994 SEED CATALOG

he descriptions in this catalog have a few 8. Cardiospermum halicacabum. Ba ll oon vine. assumptions in common. Un less other­ Height: to 10 feet. Woody-stemmed perennial T wise stated, plants grown from these grown as an annual. Vigorous self-clinging vin e. ittle quaking grass, Briza minor, seeds will do best in well-aerated soil with full Dense, feathery, light green fo liage smothered (#6) is a sma ll grass of great charm sun. Seeds should be covered unless the contrary wi th petite snow white flowers, then seed pods Lfor gardens. Its tufted ha bit and is indicated. The best temperature for warm that look like green balloons a bit smaller than slender blades make a wonderful con­ conditioning is about 70 degrees; cold condi­ go lf balls. Se lf-seeds in warmer climates. Sow in trast with bright colored perennials or tioning should be done at 40 degrees. "Warm warm soil. annuals. It is an excellent grass for drying soil" is that with a temperature of at least 70 and dyeing for floral arrangements. degrees. Zone numbers tend to be conservative: 9. Celosia cristata (c. plumosa). Cockscomb. plants may grow outside the ranges specified. Very showy annual with bright, feathery, erect plumes. Long-lasting flowers are 4-12 inches long and may be sca rl et, off-whi te, pink, or 19. Cynoglossum amabile. Chinese forget-me­ ye ll ow. Sow in warm soil. not. Height: to 2 feet. Erect unbranching stems ANNUALS have narrow leaves and bear clusters of small 10. C. cristata 'Forest Fire'. Cockscomb culti var. blue, pink, and white flowers near their tops. A Height: 24-30 inches. Blooms in scarlet and has handsome cut flower. Part sun. A biennial usu­ 1. Amaranthus caudatus. Love-li es-blee ding, dark bronze foli age. ally grown as an annual. tassel flower. Height: 3-5 feet. Vivid red tassel­ like flowers last for weeks. The young leaves and 11. Cheiranthus cheiri. Wa llfl ower. Height: to 20. Datura inoxia. Downy thorn-apple, angel's­ seeds are edible. Seeds should be left uncovered 2 feet. Very fragrant orange flowers borne on trumpet. Height: 3 feet. Huge, dark leaves on or covered only lightly. Sow in warm soil. stiff stems with narrow opposing lea ves. Blooms sprawling stems and white, trumpet-shaped in spring and early summer. Will tolerate some flowers up to 8 inches long. These are fragrant 2. A. bybridus var. erythrostachys. Prince's­ shade; doesn't like heat. Sow in spring or fall. and open at night. Sometim es they have a pink­ feather. Height: 5 feet. Thick stalks bear narrow, Biennial in mild climates. ish cast. Pinching off spent flowers prolongs the foot-long leaves and upright flower spikes in blooming season, but be careful when you han­ midsummer. Both flowers and foliage are red. 12. Cleome hasslerana 'Helen Campbell'. Spider dle this plant: it is poisonous. Sow in warm soil. For culture, see A. caudatus, a bove. fl ower cultivar. Height: 4 feet. Produces numerous white flowers with "spidery" stamens and seed 21. Diascia barberae 'Pink Queen'. Twinspur 3. Amaranthus sp. Height: 4-5 feet. Flowers on pods. Compound leaves have spines at the base. cultivar. Height: 1 foot. Erect stems have oval, this bushy amaranth are orange. Its edible seeds Makes a good cut flower. In hot sunny weather the toothed leaves and bear 6-inch racemes of long­ can be toasted or ground into fl our. For culture, petals will curl during the day and open fully in the lasting, baby pink fl owers. Does best in cooler see A. caudatus. evening. Grows we ll in su n or partial shade and temperatures. Do not cover seeds. prefers a dry soil . Do not cover seeds. 4. Antirrhinum majus 'Tetraploid Mix'. Com­ 22. Dolichos lablab. Hyacinth bean. Height: mon snapdragon cultivar. Height: 2V2 feet. Nar­ 13. C. hasslerana 'Pink Queen'. Spider flower 6-10 feet. An ornamental member of the pea row, dark green leaves on erect stems and showy, cultivar. Si milar to 'Helen Campbell ' but with family. Flowers are pinkish purple and 1 inch almost orchid like flowers in a variety of colors. pink fl owers. long. The 2-inch purple pod contains black or Blooms from midsummer to frost. Sow in warm white seeds. These are edibl e but should be soil. Do not cover seeds. Pinch young plants 14. C. hasslerana 'Violet Queen'. Spider fl ower thoroughl y cooked with 2-4 water changes. back to encourage branching. cu ltivar. Similar to 'Helen Campbell ' but with purple and off-white fl owers. 23. Eschscholzia califo rnica. Ca lifornia poppy. 5. Asclepias curassavica. Bloodflower. Height: Height: 2 feet. Finely divided blue-green fo li age to 3 V2 feet. A tropical relative of the milkweed. 15. C. spinosa. Spid er fl ower species. Simil ar to and 2-inch flowers ranging from deep orange to Shrubby with narrow opposi ng leaves, it bears C. hasslerana and with the same cultural re­ pale ye ll ow. Blooms better in sandy soi l. orange-red fl owers with yellow centers in late quirements. Flowers are off-white. Drought tolerant. Will reseed. summer and fall. 16. Cleome sp. Spider fl ower species. 24; Gazania x hybrida 'Sunbeam'. Treasure 6. Briza minor. Little quaking grass. Donor unsure of species. Flowers are fl ower cultivar. Height: 6-12 inches. Flowers in Height: 16 in ches. Upright, narrow white. red, yellow, orange, or pink on stems rising above leaf bl ades with loosely attached small clumps of basal foliage. Blooms from earl y spikelets of flowers. Gives plant a 17. Coreopsis tinctoria. Calli opsis, summer to frost. Likes light soil. Can be grown nodding effect, especia ll y in a breeze. plains coreopsis. Height: to 4 feet. Fine, outside all year in Zone 9-10; further north, it Inflo resence is first li ght gree n, turn­ narrow-leaved stems bear fl owers up can be moved indoors for winter. Needs cool ing brown at maturity. Sow in spring to 2 inches across. These have ye llow temperatures (55-60 degrees) for germination. or fall. rays and purplish brown centers. Very elegant. Tolerates poor soils. Sow in warm soil. 25. Gentianopsis crinita. Fringed genti an. 7.Calendula officinalis 'Pacific Beauty'. Height: Height: 1-3 feet. A square-stemmed densely 24-30 inches. Uniformly large day-blooming 18. Cosmos bipinnatus 'Sensation Mixed'. Cos­ branching plant with narrow leaves and bright fl owers have fl attish orange and ye ll ow rays. mos cultivar. Height: 4 feet. A tall, bushy pl ant blue flowers. These are 2 inches long and have Excellent for cutting. Very easy to grow. Blooms with finely textured, feathery fol iage and flat, fringed petals. Blooms in September and October. spring to frost. Sta rt indoors 8 weeks before last open flowers in rose, crimson, white, and pink. Needs a moist, acid site. Difficult to germinate, frost for spring bloom. Drought tolerant. Sow in warm soil. Self-sows. but a period of cold seems to help. Sow in fall.

AMERI CAN HORTICULTURIST 9 26. Gypsophila paniculata 'Early Snowball'. 38. Lupinus densiflorus. Gully lupine. Height: gust. Fruits resemble those of the Chinese-lan­ Bab y's-breath cultivar. Height: 3 feet. Tiny, airy to 3 feet. A bushy plant with palmate leaves and tern and are useful for arrangements. Sap is said white flowers create a cloud like effect. Used for erect racemes of ye llow flowers. Flowers have the to be insecticidal. filler or dried arrangements. Flowers can be cut form typical of the pea famil y. Will tolerate part at full bloom to dry for bouquets. Thin to 18 sun; does best in cool moist conditions. Soak 43. Nicotiana sylvestris. Flowering tobacco. inches apart. seeds overnight in warm water or scarify them. Height: 5 feet. A bold, basal roserte of bright green leaves up to 2 feet long, from which arises 27. Helianthus annuus. Common sunflower. 39. Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (Aster tan­ a thick stalk, topped in midsummer by a clump Height: 5-10 feet. Robust, coarse-leaved plant acetifoLius). Tahoka daisy. Height: 2 feet. Dense, of long, tubular fragrant white flowers. Toler­ bearing ye ll ow-rayed flowers with large seed feathery fo liage with compound flowers over ates some shade. South of Zone 7, ma y be grown heads. Flowers from these seeds are up to 6 two inches wide, varying from white to blue-vi­ as a tender perennial or biennial. Do not cover inches across and centers are reddish purple olet. seeds. before the seeds mature. May need staking. Tolerates drought and most soil types. Sow in 44. N. syLvestris. Flowering tobacco cu ltivar. warm soil. SAVE THIS CATALOG! Height: 5 feet. Donor unsure of cultivar. Similar to the previous entry but flowering in purple, 28. Helichrysum bracteatum 'Tall Double Mix'. Seed packets are marked by catalog number pink, and white. Strawflower cultivar. Height: to 3 feet. Blooms only, so it will be your only means of in a mixture of yellow, orange, red, sa lmon, rose, identifying the seeds you have selected. 45. OxypetaLum caeruleum 'Heavenborn'. Blue white, and purple. Flowers are up to 2 lf2 inches milkweed cultivar. Height: to 2 feet. A sprawl­ across and appear mid- through late summer. ing, shrubby plant with narrow, heart-shaped Excellent for dried arrangements. Prefers a moist 40. Mirabilis jalapa. Four-o'clock. Height: to 3 leaves and I-inch, 5-petaled flowers in tur­ soil. Sow in warm soil. Do not cover seeds. feet. A fast-growing, bushy plant with opposite, quoise, flecked with dark blue. Blooms in early pointed leaves resembling mint foliage. Covered summer. Best sown indoors, in warm soil. 29. Impatiens balsamina. Balsam impatiens, in summer with fragrant, tubular flowers in garden balsam. Height: 2lf2 feet. Bushy with white, red, yellow, and pink. Some flowers are 46. Papaver rhoeas. Corn poppy, Shirley poppy. lance-shaped leaves and bearing 2-inch-wide striped. Will tolerate some shade and is not Height: 2 feet. Cup-shaped flowers have silky, white and pinkish flowers. Blooms all summer particular about soil. Sow in warm soil. Will crimson petals that contrast with the dark cen­ into fall. Prefers semishade and moist soils. self-sow in warm areas. Its tubers can be dug in ters. Blooms all spring and early summer. Excel­ early fall and overwintered. lent for spring color in borders. Self-sows. 30. 1. pallida. Jewelweed. Height: to 5 feet. Toothed ovate leaves 3lf2 inches long and bright 41. MoLucceLLa laevis. Bells-of-Ireland. Height: 47. Papaversp. Poppy. Donor unsure of species. yellow-orange flowers, some with dark reddish 3 feet. A shrubby, sparsely leaved plant that Multi-colored double blooms. spots. Blooms summer to late fall. produces numerous upright flower spikes in late summer. Each tiny pink flower is wrapped in a 48. Pelargonium capitatum. Rose-scented gera­ 31. 1. wallerana 'Princess Orchid'. Impatiens large, green bell-like calyx. Favored as a cut nium. Height: to 2 feet. Hairy sprawling stems cultivar. This version of our most popular an­ flower. Rich soil gives better resu lts. Self-sows. produce heart-shaped leaves on long petioles nual bedding plant blooms in reddish violet. Seeds may germinate more readily if chilled for and pinkish purple flowers on slender, erect Moist soil in part sun or light shade. a few days and then soaked overnight. Do not stalks. Foliage has a rose-mint scent. Will toler­ cover seeds. ate some shade; likes acid soil. To grow as a 32. 1. wallerana 'Princess Pastel Light Pink'. perennial, bring the entire plant indoors or root Impatiens cultivar. Flowers in light pink with a 42. Nicandra physaLodes. Shoo-fly plant. cuttings before frost. Sow in warm soil. da rker center. Height: 3 feet. A loose mass of large oval leaves and violet-blue, I-inch flowers in July and Au- 49. P. myrrhifolium. Geranium species. Height: 33. Ipomoea spp. Morning glory species. A mix­ to 2 feet. Similar to P. capitatum but bearing ture of species from this genus of tough, fa st­ white flowers with red stripes at the center. growing vines with large trumpet-shaped flo wers. Will tolerate some shade. Excellent for 50. P. odoratissimum. Apple-scented geranium. training or interplanting with other climbers. Height: to 11f2 feet. Simi lar to P. capitatum but Can be somewhat invasive. Soaking seeds over­ lower and bushier. Leaves are kidney-shaped night will speed germination. and flowers are white.

34. Lathyrus odoratus. Sweet pea. A climbing 51. Pelargonium sp. Geranium. Donor unsure vine, to 6 feet or more, with opposite, oval leaves of species. Height: to 3 feet. Heart-shaped dark and typical pea family flowers. Very fragrant. green foliage and sma ll white flowers. Blooms in spring and early summer. This strain flowers in purplish red. Prefers alkaline soil and 52. Petunia x hybrida 'Double Grandiflora plenty of moisture. Soak seeds overnight or Hybrid'. Petunia cu ltivar. Height: 1 foot. Com­ scarify them before planting. Vines need a climb­ pact plants bear flowers in white, pink, rose, ing support. sa lm on, red, burgundy, lavender, and violet. Bi­ colors are included too. Full or part sun. Sow 35. Limonium sinuatum 'Mixed Bold Colors'. indoors 8 weeks before last frost. Cover seeds Sea lavender cultivar. Height: 2-2lf2 feet. Vivid very lightly, or just press them into the starting yellow, rose, lavender, blu~, and white flowers medium. are borne in papery sprays on stiff stems. Useful for dried arrangements. Start indoors 8 weeks 53. Phlox drummondii. Annual phlox. Height: before the last frost. 18 inches. Moundlike plants with narrow, pale green leaves that cover themselves in clusters of 36. Linaria maroccana. Toadflax. Height: 1- pink, red, lavender, or white flowers all summer. lIn feet. A densely branching plant with fine, narrow leaves that produces spikes of tiny 54. P. drummondii 'ChanaI'. Annual phlox cul­ snapdragonlike flowers in red, purple, white, tivar. Height: 1 foot. Pink, 3/4 -inch double flow­ and yell ow. Does best in cooler climates. ers on a low, rounded plant.

37. Lobularia maritima 'Carpet of Snow'. Seeds 55. Salvia splendens 'Red Hot Sally'. Sca rlet from a sweet alyssum cultivar. Height: 3-6 inches. 17 er S wa.llow-bU.L sage cultiva r. Height: 1 foot. Compact plant Small narrow lea ves form a dense mound 1 foot wide 3 with dark green leaves and spikes of vivid red that is covered in tiny pink, purple, and white flowers vlsLts Asc~plas flowers. Sow in warm soi l. Do not cover seeds. from June until frost. Do not cover seeds.

10 JANUA RY 1994 56. Sanvitalia procumbens. Creepin g zi nnia. single or double. Blooms in red, pink, purpl e, eve ntuall y producing "turkey foot" seed heads. Height: 6 inches . A sprawling, densel y bra nch­ and whi te in late summec and fa ll. Thin to about This was the main grass of the tallgrass prairies. ing pl ant with opposing, nea rl y oval leaves and 8 inches. Doesn't like to be transplanted. Start in pots and transplant out after pl ants are 3/4- inch, daisy like fl owers. These have ye ll ow we ll esta bli shed. Takes 5-7 years to mature. rays and purple centers. Thin to a bout 6 inches 69. Zinnia elegans 'Golden Queen'. Z innia cul ­ Zone 4-10. apart. Seed lin gs don't like to be tra nspl anted. ti va r. Height: 2-3 feet. Double ye ll ow daisy like fl owers on robust stalks with bold opposing 80. Aquilegia caerulea. Rocky Mountain col­ 57. Senecio cineraria. Dusty- miller. Height: 2-3 leaves. Deadhea d regul arl y fo r summer-long umbine. Height: to 21;2 feet. Loose, deli cate fee t. The yel low or crea m fl ower hea ds are fl owering. 3-10 bed leaves on long peti oles and tubular, blue several inches across but the pl ant is grown and white fl owers with long spurs. Spring primaril y for its white, woolly leaves. Can be 70. Z. elegans 'Rose Pinwheel '. Z in nia cultivar. bl ooming. Columbines prefer part shade and sheared to preve nt legginess. Needscool temper­ Height: 1-2 fee t. Bushy plants with sin gle rich, we ll -aerated soil. They can be difficult to atures (55-60 degrees) fo r germinati on. bl ooms 3 in ches wide. These open pink and germinate. For the species, it may help to scari fy mature to a deep rose. Excell ent cut fl ower. the seeds by rubbing them with sandpaper. In 58. Sorghum bicolor. Broomcorn. Height: 6-10 Resists mildew. Dea d-head regularl y. general, it's probably best to sow columbines feet. Rapidly growing, coarse-textured annual outdoors in fall or ea rl y spring without covering used for making brooms. So metimes puts out 71. Z. haageana ' Persian Carpet'. Mexican zin ­ the seeds. Zone 3-8. prop roots. Full sun or partial shade; particu­ ni a cultivar. Height: 18 inches. Sma ll er than Z . larl y suited to the Great Pl ains. elegans with narrower leaves. 'Persian Carpet' 81. A. canad ensis. Cana di an columbine. prod uces mostly double fl owers in red, orange, Height: 3-31;2 fee t. Five -petaled fl ower with 59. Tagetes erecta 'Sugar and Spice Mixed'. and ye ll ow. spurs of vivid scarl et and ye ll ow. Blooms in late Africa n marigold mix. Height: 20 in ches. Full y spring to ea rly summer. Airy, blue-green foliage double fl owers up to 31;2 in ches across on sturdy and a very graceful and elega nt habit. For cul­ compact plants. Unbea tabl e a bility to ward off ture, see A. caerulea, above. Zone 3-8. pests if pl anted nea r vegetables. This is the fi rst PERENNIALS marigold mixture that includes the fa mous 82. A. (labellata var. pumila. Fa n columbine white marigold, as we ll as bright ye ll ow, gold, vari ety. Height: 6 inches. A compact plant with and orange bl ooms. Easy to grow. 72. Achillea millefolium. Common ya rrow. blue gray leaves and nodding, deep blue fl owers Height: 2 fee t. Flat heads of ri ch red fl owers with conspic uous, hooked spurs. For culture, see 60. T. patula 'Burgundy Ripple'. French mari ­ bl oom in summer above fea thery dark green A. caerulea. Zone 3-6. gold cultiva r. H eight: 1 foot. Unusual crimson leaves. Will rebl oom if dea d fl owers are re­ fl owers with gold edges. T. patula cultiva rs are moved. Good for dried arrangements. Needs full 83. A. nigricans. Columbine species . Height: to 2 heat tolerant and excell ent for edging, borders, sun. Zone 3-10. feet. Similar to A. caerulea but with blue-violet or window boxes. fl owers. For culture, see A. caerulea. Zone 4-9. 73 . Alcea ficifolia. Fi gleaf ho ll yhock. Height: 6 61. T. patula 'Happy Days'. French marigold feet. Single, double or semi-double fl owers ap­ 84. A. vulgaris 'McKana's Hybrids'. Seeds from cultiva r. Height: 2 feet. Profu se double fl owers pear in late spri ng or ea rl y summer. The fl owers, a columbine cultivar. Height: 21i2 feet. Parent are orange-red and yellow. Earl y blooming. which may be over 3 in ches across, ra nge in plants produced spurred, ea rl y summer flo we rs color fr om yel low to orange. Distincti ve, figlike in a mi x of red, pink, white, and yell ow. Good 62. T. patula 'Sophia Queen', 'Boy Yellow', and leaves and a shorter stem di stinguish this from for naturali zed settings. For culture, see A. 'Boy Spry'. French marigold culti va rs. 'Sophia the common holl yhock. All holl yhocks germi ­ caerulea. Zone 3-8. Queen' grows to 1 foot and has yell ow fl owers nate best in cool temperatures (55-60 degrees). with mahogany flecks. 'Boy Yel low' is a dwarf Biennia l. Zone 3-9. 85. Aquilegia 'Harlequin Mixed'. Columbine yellow form, growing to 8 inches. 'Boy Spry', cultivar. H eight: 3 feet. Earl y blooming with another dwarf, has mahogany outer petals with 74. A . rosea. Common hollyhock. Height: 10 both pure and bi-colored flowers in ye ll ow, a yellow crest. feet. Spikes of white, pink, or purple fl owers 2-4 pink, blu e, and purple. For culture, see A. inches across. Requires staking. Best for the back caerulea. Zone 4-8. 63 . T. patula 'Sparky'. French marigold cultivar. of a border or against a wall or fence. Zone 3-9. Height: 1 foot. Abundant bicolor double fl ow­ 86. Aquilegia spp. Columbine. Donor unsure of ers in orange and ye llow. 75. Alcea sp. Holl yhock. Donor unsure o f spe­ species. H eight: 3-31i2 feet. Long spurs of vivid cies . H eight: 6-8 feet. Spikes of pink, rosy and scarlet and yellow appear late spring into early 64. Tagetes sp. Marigold. Donor unsure of spe­ purple fl owers 2-3 inches across. Requires stak­ summer. Aicy blue-green foliage and an elegant cies. Bright butterscotch yellow fl owers. Excel­ ing. Pl ant in ri ch soil. Zone 2. habit. Fo r culture, see A. caerulea. Zone 3. lent fo r hot and dry areas. 76 . Allium cernuum. Nodd ing onion. Height: 87. Arisaema triphyllum. Jack-in-the-pulpit. 65 . Thunbergia alata 'Susie Mixed'. Black-eyed 1-2 fee t. Typical oni on leaves and loose nodding Height: 16-20 inches. Named for green or purple Su san vine cultiva r. Requires a protected site. umbels of lil ac to pink flowers. Tolerates a va ri­ hoodlike bracts (spathes), which are fo llowed in Climbing plant up to 6 feet. Showy orange, ety of growing conditi ons. Zone 4-8. autumn by bright red berries. Needs full or partial white, and yell ow flowers with dark brown sun and rich soil . Sow in fall . Zone 4-9. centers up to 2 inches wide. Excellent fo r trailing 77. Althaea officinalis. Marsh mall ow. Height: ground cover, hanging basket, or trellis. Does 4-6 feet. Oval or heart-shaped leaves and 2-inch 88. Aruncus sinensis 'Zweiweltenkind'. Goats­ best with a support. Prefers warm sites. Slow pink fl owers on tall stalks. Bl ooms fr om July beard culti va r. Height 4-6 feet. Vigorous grower germinati on. through October. The roots, once used to make with large, toothed, pinnate leaves and bra nch­ marshmall ow paste, are thought to have medic­ ing, terminal panicles of white fl owers in sum­ 66. Trachymene caerulea ' Blue'. Blue lace inal properties. Needs moist soil. Zone 5-7. mer. Prefers a moist site in light shade. Sow seeds fl ower cultivar. Height: to 21;2 feet. A clump of 18 inches to 2 fee t apart. Will self-sow. Zone 5-7. stalks with sparse, feathery fo li age and topped 78. Amsonia tabernaemontana. Will ow with lavender umbels up to' 3 inches across. amsoni a. H eight: to 3 feet. Fuzzy, willowlike 89. Asclepias incarnata. Swa mp milkweed. Reminiscent of Queen-Anne's-lace. An excellent leaves and baby blue, star-shaped fl owers in Height: 3 feet. M ostly unbranched stems bear cut fl ower. drooping terminal clusters. Bl ooms in spring. 3-6-inch alternate leaves and a clump of small , Foliage may turn yellow in fall. Plant in part sun pink flowers in summer. The flowers smel l faintly 67. Tropaeolum majus. Nasturtium cultiva r. in moist loam. Seeds may germinate more of va nilla. Does best in moist soils. Zone 3-9. Donor unsure o f cultiva r. Rambling, vinelike readil y if given a I -month cold treatment, then plant with round, bright green lea ves and large soaked in water for a coupl e of days. Zone 3-9. 90. A. tuberosa. Butterfly weed. Height: 3 feet. fl owers in yellow, orange, and red. O range, occasionally red and ye llow umbels 79 . Andropogon gerardii. Big bluestem, turkey bloom from late spring to mi dsumer. Attractive 68. Xeranthemum annuum. Immortelle. Height: foot. Height: to 7 feet. A warm-season clumping 2-6-i nch-long strapli ke leaves. Excellent for bor­ 2-3 feet. Fuzzy, grayish stems and leaves. Daisylike grass with blue-green blades shading into red. ders or meadow areas. Thrives in drier, infertile fl owers are up to 11;2 inches wide and may be The purplish fl ower spikes emerge in August, soils. Usually pest free. Zone 4-9.

AMERlCAN HORTICULTURIST 11 91. Baptisia australis. False indigo. Height: 2-6 101. Coreopsis grandiflora 'Sunburst'. Coreop­ 107. Dicentra eximia. Turkey corn, wi ld bleed­ fee t. Fonns large clumps of cloverlike blue-green sis cultivar. Height: 2 feet. Leafy stems bear ing-heart. Height: 1 foot. During late spring and leaves. In summer, long racemes of blue flowers semidouble, orange-yellow flowers in the sum­ summer, pink flowers hang from slender stems. emerge. Requires full or part sun in moist, well­ mer. Prefers a sandy soil. Do not cover seeds. Fernlike foliage is gray green and finely cut. aerated soil. Sow in late fall or early spring. Zone 5-9. Likes rich, moist, well-aerated soil and semi­ Spring-sown seed should be scarified. Zone 4-9. shade. Needs cool temperatures (55-60 degrees) 102. C. lanceolata. Lance- le aved coreopsis. for germination. Cold condition for 2 months or 92. Belamcanda chinensis. Blackberry lily. Height: 2 feet. Similar to C. grandiflora 'Sun­ sow in fall. Zone 4-8. Height: 1 V2 -3 feet. Bulb produces orange-red, burst' but with single flowers and sparser fo­ spotted fl owers to 2 inches across. Semierect, liage. Do not cover seeds. Zone 3-8. 108. Digitalis grandiflora. Yellow foxglove. sword-shaped leaves form a fan. Midsummer Height: 2-3 feet. A clump of hairy, toothed, dark flowers are followed by fruit capsules that split 103. Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora 'Lucifer'. green leaves give rise to a stem bearing 2-inch to expose shiny black seeds good for dried ar­ Montbretia cultivar. Height: 3 feet. Deep red drooping ye llow flowers, marked with brown. rangements. Prefers rich soil. Should be pro­ flowers bloom along branching spikes in mid­ Used as a medicinal. Foxgloves prefer part sun tected during cold winters. Zone 5-10. summer. Has clump-forming, swordlike bright and rich well-aerated soil. Seeds sown outdoors green leaves. Needs an open, sunny site. Sow in in early fall or started in a greenhouse during 93. Bellis perennis. English daisy. Height: 6-8 fall. Zone 5-9. winter should flower the following summer. inches. A basal rosette of leaves gi ves rise to a Germination is rapid in warm soil. Zone 3-8. stem bearing a single flower. These seeds are for 104. Daucus carota. Queen-Anne's-Iace. double flowers in white, pink, red, and purple. Height: 2-3 feet. Small white flowers borne in a 109. D. lutea. Straw foxglove. Height: 2-3 feet. Blooms from April to May. Does best in rich, flattened cluster with a single reddish flower in Abundant racemes of light yellow to white flow­ moist soil. Will tolerate light shade but doesn't the center. Blooms from June to September. ers a bit smaller than those of D. grandiflora. like heat. Can be invasive. Biennial. Zone 4-7. Fernlike, airy texture provided by finely cut For cu lture, see D. grandiflora. Zone 3-8. leaves and slender stems. Prefers full sun and 94. Campanula trachelium 'Album'. Nettle­ sandy soil. Popular in flower arrangements. Bi­ 110. D. purpurea. Common foxglove. Height: leaved bellflower cultivar. H eight: to 3 feet. ennial. Zone 3-10. 2-4 feet. Extremely showy, tube-shaped, terminal Rough, hairy leaves on a robust stem and pani­ flowers are purplish pink with brown-spotted cles of funnel-shaped white flowers in late sum­ 105. Desmanthus illinoensis. Ill inois bundle­ throats. Blooms early June to mid-July. Self-sows. mer. Part sun in moist soil. Zone 3-7. flower, prairie mimosa. Height: 3-6 feet. Finely For culture, see D. grandiflora. Zone 4-9. textured compound leaves on upright stems. 95. Canna indica. Canna lily, Indian shot. Tiny white or greenish flowers throughout the 111. Echinacea paradoxa. Yellow coneflower. Height: to 4 feet. The stem, partly sheathed in summer. Often used in rangeland revegetation. Height: 3 feet. Narrow-leaved upright stalks leaves that grow to 18 inches, produces a loose Not particular about soil conditions. Scarifying that produce showy flowers in late spring and spike of flowers. The bright red petals have an seed will aid germination. Zone 4-8. early summer. Large, bright ye ll ow rays sur­ orange lip. Needs a rich soil and plenty of water. round a domed, chocolate brown center. Will Scarify seeds or soak them overnight in warm 106. Dianthus barbatus 'Excelsior Mixed'. tolerate part sun and dry soil. Sow in warm soil. water. North of Zone 8, the root stocks must be Sweet William cu ltivar. Height: 2 feet. Abundant Zone 5-8. dug and stored after the first frost. Zone 8-10. red, pink, white, and violet fringed flowers. Excellent for rock gardens. Usually treated as a 112. E. purpurea. Purple coneflower. Height: 96. Catananche caerulea. Cupid's-dart. Height: short-lived perennial or biennial. If seed is sown 2-5 feet. A sturdy, coarse, hairy plant with leafy, 2 feet. Lavender-blue 2-inch flowers with dark in early summer plants should flower the follow­ branching stems. Its solitary, daisylike flowers blue centers appear in summer on thin but ing year. Makes a long-lasting cut flower. Prefers may reach 6 inches across. Their showy, droop­ sturdy stems above narrow, gray green foliage. rich, moist, well-aerated soi l. Zone 4-10. ing petals vary from purplish pink to almost Prefers a li gh t, dry site and should be sown in white. Easy, low-maintenance plant. Zone 3-8. warm soil. Zone 3-9. 113. Echinops ritro. Globe thistle. Height: 4 97. Chasmanthium latifolium. Northern sea feet. Erect stands of sturdy stems with thistlelike oats, wi ld oats. Height: to 3 feet. A clumping, leaves. Flowers are tightly grouped into large, warm season grass with leaves like bamboo and spherical, compound heads. Easy, undemanding seed pods like oats. The pods appear in August pl ant for a sunny location. Excellent for cutting and turn copper in fall, then gray in winter. Does and dried arrangements. Zone 4-10. best in some shade. Will tolerate most soils but should not be allowed to dry out. Zone 5-9. 114. Erigeron pulchellus. Robin's plantain. Height: to 2 feet. Pink to violet, daisylike flowers 98. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (now appear in late spring or early summer above a Leucanthemum vulgare). Oxeye daisy. Height: clump of hairy, spatula-shaped basal leaves. Tol­ 2-3 feet. A typical daisy flower, with white rays erates poor soils. A biennial or short-lived pe­ around a yellow center and up to 2 inches across. rennial. Zone 3-7. Stem is erect and sparsely le aved. Blooms in late spring. Good for naturalizing in meadows and 115. Eryngium yuccifolium. Rattlesnake-mas­ useful as a cut flower. Zone 3-9. ter. Height: 3-4 feet. Whitish, rounded flowers are 1 inch across. Taller branches are leafless 99. C. parthenium (now Tanacetum parthen­ with few bracts. Prefers dry, slightl y acid soil and ium). Feverfew. Height: to 2 feet. Aromatic fo­ needs a generous topsoil depth to accomodate liage and daisylike flowers with yellow centers its long taproot. Performs we ll in both shady and white rays. Sometimes dried for medicinal woodland edges and sunny prairie settings. uses. Prefers sandy, we ll-aerated soil and full sun Good for dried arrangements. Difficult to ger­ but tolerates light shade. Direct sow in ea rly minate. Cold treat for 2 months. Zone 4-8. spring. Zone 6-8. 116. Eupatorium perfoliatum. Common bone­ 100. C. x superbum (now Leucanthemum x set. Height: 4-6 feet. Erect, branching stems superbum). Shasta daisy. Height: 2V2 feet. seem to be growing right through their wrinkled Whi te-ra yed flowers are up to 3 inches across hair y leaves. Flat-topped clusters of creamy and have ye ll ow centers. Blooms from early white flowers appear in late summer. Occasion­ summer to frost. The dark green leaves are all y flowers in bluish purple. Prefers a moist, undivided, which is unusual for a chrysanthe­ lim y soil. Zone 3-8. mum. Pinch plants to encourage a fuller shape. Sow in warm soil. Zone 4-9. 117. E. purpureum. Joe-pye weed. Height: to 10 feet. Open clusters of purplish flowers appear in

12 JANUARY 1994 late summer. Tolerates varied sun and soil con­ feet. Dark green leaves are up to 9 inches long ditions. Zone 4-9. and 5 inches wide. Bell-shaped late summer flowers are violet-blue on 3-foot stems. Needs ne of our contributors this year 118. Gaillardia aristata. Blanketflower species. shade. Zone 3-9. is the America the Beautiful Height: 2 feet. Single daisylike flowers are rich O Fund. This organi zation is able yellow with red centers and bloom all summer. 129. Iris pseudacorus. Yellow iris. Height: 5 to make larger gifts of seed to community Short-lived and tends to sprawl. Zone 3-9. feet. Yellow-flowered iris with blue-green fo­ greening projects and youth organiza­ liage. Grows best in moist areas. Blooms in late tions. For information on how to obtain 119. Hemerocallis 'StelIa de Oro'. Seeds from a spring. Sow in fa ll. Zone 5-9. th ese "seed grants" contact them at: daylily culti var. Height: 1 foot. Parent is a min­ America the Beautiful Fund, 219 iature form that produces golden 3-inch flowers 130. 1. sibirica. Siberian iris. Height: to 3 feet. Shoreham Building, Washington, DC from May ro frost. Won the American Hemero­ Faintly bluish foliage, sometimes red at the base, 200DS, (202) 638-1649. callis Society Stout Medal. Germinates in 3-7 and delicate purple flowers in spring. Will toler­ weeks. Full or part sun. May be sown in fall. ate part sun. Requires a moist soil; mulch to keep Zone 4-9. the roots cool. Do not cover seeds. Zone 3-9. brown spotted throats. Zone 4-S. 120. Hemerocallis cultivars. Daylilies. Height: 131- Kosteletzkya virginica. Seashore ma llow 11,.2-3 112 feet. A mix of ye ll ow, orange, pink, red, species. Height: 4 feet with an equal width. A 141- Lobelia cardinalis. Cardinal flower. maroon, salmon, and several bicolor flowers, branching, shrubby plant with serrated, hairy Height: 3-4 feet. Bright scarlet, occasionall y which begin appearing about midsummer. Cu l­ leaves and pink flowers up to 3lf2 inches wide. pink or white tubular flowers are 1 V2-inches ture is the same as with 'Stella de Oro'. Zone 4-9. Blooms in summer. Ptefers a sandy soil and long. Blooms in summer. Prefers moist soil and needs plenty of water. Sow in warm soil. Zone light shade. In cooler climates, wi ll tolerate full 121- Hesperis matronalis. Sweet rocket. Height: 7-9. sun. Sow in fall. Do not cover seeds. Zone 2-9. 1-3 feet. Fragrant, showy white, purple, or blue flowers produced in loose terminal racemes. 132. Lathyrus latifolius. Sweet pea vine, peren­ 142. L. siphilitica. Blue cardinal flower, big blue Blooms in May and June. Self-seeds prolifically. nial pea. A 6-9-foot, climbing vine with blue­ lobelia. Height: 2-3 feet. An erect unbranching If seeds are started in winter or early spring, green foliage and typical pea fami ly flowers in plant with oval leaves and dense terminal ra­ plants will bloom the first year. Does best with midsummer. Those offered are pink and white cemes of bright blue flowers. Blooms in late light shade and damp, well -aerated soil. Sow in or plain white. Very adaptable. Scarification or summer. Part sun in moist soil. Zone 4-S. warm soil. Do not cover seeds. Zone 3-8. an overnight warm water soak may improve germination. Zone 3-9. 143. Lunaria annua. Money plant. Height: 3 122. Heuchera americana. American alumroot, feet. Flowers are purple or white and fragrant. rock geranium. Height: 18 inches. A mound of 133. Lavatera thuringiaca. Tree mallow species. Fruit is silvery, papery, and coin-shaped. Useful evergreen geraniumlike leaves up to 6 inches Height: 4 feet. A bushy plant with broad for dried arrangements. Biennial but will reseed. long, topped with delicate panicles of tiny green­ maplelike leaves and light pink flowers 2 inches Full sun or light shade. Zone 6-9. ish white flowers in late spring. The fo li age, across. Blooms from July to September. Rich which is often purplish, is the strongest feature soils tend to reduce flowering. Zone 5-10. 144. Lychnis chalcedonica. Jerusalem campion, of the plant. Prefers part sun or light shade in a Maltese cross. Height: 2-3 feet. Lance-shaped moist loam. Sow in warm soi l. Zone 4-9. 134. Liatris aspera. Rough blazing-star. Height: 2-4-inch opposite leaves. Produces dense clumps 3-6 feet. Upright stems with narrow leaves and of vivid scarlet flowers on tall stems in summer. loose spikes of purple flowers. Tolerates dry, Often needs staking. Full to partial sun In a SAVE THIS CATALOG! shallow soil. Zone 5-7. moist, we ll -aerated, fertile soil. Zone 3-9. 135. L. mucronata. Blazing-star species. Height: 145. L. coronaria. Rose campion. Height: 2-3 123. Hibiscus coccineus. Scarlet rose mallow, 3-5 feet. A narrow-leaved upright plant that feet. Bright magenta flowers borne on long Texas star hibiscus. H eight: 6-8 feet. Deep red bears spikes of lilac colored flowers from July to stems contrast beautifully with greenish white funne l-shaped flowers, 5-6 inches wide, appear October. Tolerates dry soil. Zone 7-9. oval leaves that are 1-4 inches long. Blooms late from mid- to late summer. Narrow upright spring into early summer. Needs full sun. Self­ habit. A wetland native, but tolerant of drier 136. L. spicata. Blazing-star species. Height: 2-5 sows. Zone 4-8. soils. Full sun to light shade. Hi biscus can be feet. Two-foot spikes of 5-14 rosy purple florets difficult to germinate. This species should be bloom on smooth stems. Drought resistant. 146. Macleaya cordata. Plume poppy. Height: sown without coverin g in warm soil. Zone 6-9. Winter mulching is recommended in cold cli­ 5-10 feet. This clump-forming member of the mates. Prefers moderately ferti le, sandy soils poppy family produces enormous stems and 124. H. moscheutos. Common rose mallow. that drain we ll in winter. Zone 3-10. S- in ch heart-shaped leaves. In summer, its stems Height: 3-8 feet. Impressive 6-12-inch flowers are topped with feathery, foot-long panicles of are red, white, pink, or bicolor. Its many stems 137. L. spicata 'Alba'. Blazing-star culti var. creamy white flowers, each with a spray of and 8-inch leaves give the plant a shrubby form. Height: 2 feet. Similar to the previous entry but conspicuous stamens. Spreads aggressively by Full or partial sun and moist, rich soil. Sow in with off-white flowers. runners. Seed is collected from the AHS's River fall. Do not cover seeds. Zone 5-9. Farm headquarters. Zone 3-S. 138. L. squarrosa. Scaly blazing-star. Height: to 125. H. moscheutos subsp. palustris. Marsh 3 feet. Clumps of stalks clothed in thin, grasslike 147. Malva alcea vat. fastigiata. Hollyhock mal­ mallow, sea hollyhock. Height: 3-8 feet. White, leaves are topped with dense spikes of bright low variety. Height: 3-4 feet. Blooms in a mass of pink, and rose flowers. Leaves are rounded and purple flowers from midsummer to fa ll. Toler­ pink from July to October. Full to part sun. Short 3-lobed. Hairy fruits. Excellent choice for a ates a variety of conditions, including heat, lived, but usuall y self-seeds. Zone 4-S. bank at water's edge. Sow in fall. Do not cover drought, cold, and poor soil. Zone 5-8. seeds. Zone 4- 9. 14S. M. moschata. Musk mallow. Height: 2-3 139. Lilium formosanum. Lily species. Height: feet. Bushy with satiny, rose pink, 2-inch flow­ 126. Hibiscus sp. Donor uns'ure of species. Sim­ 5-7 feet. Abundant dark green leaves up to 8 ers, June through September. Prefers lime-free ilar to H. moscheutos but flowers only in white. inches long. Trumpet-shaped flowers are 5-8 soil. Zone 5-S. Do not cover seeds. inches long, white inside and maroon outside. Blooms mid- to late summer for about 3 weeks. 149. Miscanthus sinensis. Eulalia, Japanese sil­ 127. Hosta sieboldii. Seersucker plantain lil y. Likes moist, sandy soil with fu ll sun to partial ver grass. Height: 8 feet. Upright clump of flat, Height: to 2V2 feet. Large, ribbed, heart-shaped shade. Benefits from winter protection. Zone 3-4-foot leaf blades 3/s-inch wide. Pink to red­ leaves have a blue gray cast. In early summer, 5-8. dish, S-10-inch feathery terminal flowers are racemes of pale lilac flowers are borne on stems borne on long stalks in fa ll. Flower plume will above the foliage. Prefers shade and rich soil. 140. Lilium 'Conn ecticut King' and persist throughout winter. Prefers a moist site. Zone 3-8. 'Enchantment'. Asiatic lil ycultivars. Height: 2-3 Sow in fall. Zone 5-9. feet. 'Connecticut King' blooms in bright yel­ 128. H. ventricosa. Blue plantain lily. Height: 3 low;, 'Enchantment' has orange flowers with 150. Nepeta mussinii. Persian nepeta, catmint

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 13 species. Height: 1 foot. Sprawling, square stems shade. Tolerates heat and dry soils. Biennial. plants are well-established . Wi ll reseed itself if wi th opposire lea ves are ropped with loose ra­ Zone 4-8. sufficient moisture is available. Takes 5-7 years ce mes of lavender flowers in spring. Cut spent ro mature. Zones 4-9. fl owers for a second bloom. Thrives in dry, 161. R. hirta 'Gloriosa Daisy'. Black-eyed Susan sandy soils. Self-sows. Zone 3-8. cultivar. Height: 2-3 feet. Gold, ye ll ow, bronze, 171. Stokesia laevis 'Blue Danube'. Stokes aster orange, brown, and mahogany single flowers are cu lti var. Height: 18-24 inches. Dark green, nar­ 151. Oenothera hookeri. Evening primrose spe­ 3-6 inches wide and have center bands of brown, row leaves and blue flowers with feathery, deeply cies. Height: 2-6 feet. A basal rosette of narrow yellow, or black. Full sun ro part shade. Prefers a cut rays. Blooms from July ro October. Full sun to leaves gives rise ro a stem thar supports spikes rich, moist soil, but wi ll grow in poor soil. Heat light shade. Do not cover seeds. Zone 5-9. of yellow-orange flowers. Flowers open in rhe and drought tolerant. Zone 4-8. evening. Prefers poor, well-aerated soil. Drought 172. Tanacetum vulgare. Common tansy. roleranr. Sow in warm soi l. Usually biennial. 162.R. triloba. Thin-leaved coneflower. Height: Height: ro 4 feet. A bushy plant with dark green, Zone 4-8. 41/ 2 feet. Distinguished from R. hirta by its finely divided aromatic leaves and flat clusters smaller, more numerous flowers with shorter of sma ll ye ll ow, buttonlike flowers. Useful for 152. Passiflora incarnata. Maypop, wild pas­ rays. Somewhat invasive. Sow in fall. Zone 3-10. dried arrangements. Plants are said to repel ants. sionflower. A climbing vine that can reach 30 Not particular about growing conditions. Can feet, rna ypop has 3-lobed leaves and purplish 163. Salvia farinacea 'Victoria'. Mealy-cup sage be invasive. Zone 4. pink flowers 2 inches across. It blooms in late cultivar. Height: 3 feet. Erect stems bear whorls summer and produces an edible yellow fruit that of narrow leaves and violet-blue, tubular flow­ 173. Thermopsis caroliniana. Carolina lupine. is opened by squeezing until it pops. Roots ers. Summer blooming. Tolerates heat well. Height: 4-5 feet. Not really a lupine but resem­ overwinter while rop dies back. Spreads by root Needs a fertile soil. Sow in warm soil. Grown as bles one in fo liage and flower. Blue-green leaves and can be invasive. Will rolerate part sun; an annual in the North. Zone 7-10. are divided inro three oval leaflets. Yellow, pea­ requires moist, well-aerated soil. Can be difficult type £lowers on 6-12-inch racemt::s appear in ro germinate. Sow in warm soil. Zone 7-10. 164. Saponaria officinalis. Bouncing Bet. spring. Likes some shade in warmer climates. Height: 3 feet. Rough leaves are borne on erect Soak seeds overnight or scarify them with sand­ 153. Pennisetum sp. Fountain grass. Donor un­ stems. Pale pink or white flowers appear June ro paper before sowing. Zone 3-9. sure of species. Height: 3-4 feet. Arched, bright September on short stalks. Sow in fall. Zone4-8. green lea ves are 2-3 feet long and create a large 174. Tiarella wherryi. Wherry's foamflower. mound. In fall, they turn golden brown. Flower Height: 1 foot. Long-petioled, downy maplelike spikes, which look like bortle brushes, are 5-7 SAVE THIS CATALOG! leaves in neat mounds, ropped in spring and inches long and are borne on 4-foot stems. early summer with racemes of small , white star­ Blooms in mid- ro late summer. Zone 5. shaped flowers. Evergreen, with some red varie­ 165. Sarracenia spp. Pitcher plant species and gation. Leaves may turn dark red in winter. 154. Penstemon parryi. Parry's penstemon. hybrids. Height: to 3 feet. These insectivorous Requires a moist loam in light shade. Zone 5-9. Height: 2-4 feet. A basal rosette of narrow leath­ plants produce erect, open-mouthed tubes into ery leaves gives rise ro spires of pink, tubular which their prey is attracted. Plants need a pro­ 175. Verbascum blattaria. Moth mullein. flowers, usually in early spring. Native ro the tected spot in full sun and a moist, acid loam. Height: to 6 feet. Outstanding columnar habit Sonoran desert. Drought rolerant. Zone 7-10. Push seeds half way into pots of sphagnum or makes this plant excellent for the back of the sandy muck. Keep moist. Seed-grown plants border or as a specimen. Lovely I-inch yellow 155. Physostegia virginiana. False dragonhead, take up ro 4 years ro mature. One species in­ flowers with a lavender base. Woolly, gray blue obedient plant. Height: 4 feet. Impressive 6-10 cluded here, S. purpurea, is hardy ro Zone 3. But leaves contrast well with the flowers. Does not inch racemes with 11/4 inch snapdragonlike this mixture of species and hybrids is probably do well in wet or cold soils. Biennial but self­ flowers in rosy piAk, lilac, and white. Called not hardy in its entirety north of Zone 7. sows to bloom the following year. Do not cover obedient plant because flowers stay in whatever seeds. Zone 5-9. position they are placed. Blooms in late summer. 166. Schizachyrium scoparium. Little bluestem Excellent for shady borders or wildflower gar­ grass. Height: 2-5 feet. A clumping warm-season 176. V. chaixii. Mullein species. Height: 3 feet. dens. Full ro part su n and moist, well-aerated grass with blue-green foliage and long flower Summer flowers are 5-lobed, slender yellow soil. Best ro plant in spring. Zone 2-9. spikes bearing plumelike seedheads in late sum­ spires with purple stamens. Erect in form with mer. Fall color ranges from bronze ro bright toothed oval leaves and covered in silvery hairs. 156. Platy codon grandiflorus. Balloon flower. orange. Self-sows and can be invasive. Zone Sow in warm soil. Do not cover seeds. Zone 5-9. Height: 2-3 feet. Upright, sparsely leaved stems 3-10. produce large blue, pink, or white buds resem­ 177. V. thapsiforme. Mullein species. Height: 5 bling balloons. Flowers are up ro 3 inches across 167. Sisyrinchium californicum. Gold en-eyed feet. Fuzzy, elliptical leaves run partly up a stalk and can last most of the summer. Plants appre­ grass. Height: ro 2 feet. Low clumps of sword­ that terminates in a long panicle ofl-inch yellow ciate some shade in the South. Zone 3-8. like leaves. From May ro July, bright yellow flowers. At its best in informal settings. Needs flowers ride on stems above the foliage. Self­ plenty of sun and a dry, poor soi l. Sow in warm 157. Ratibida columnifera. Prairie coneflower seeding but not aggressive. Requires a moist site soil. Biennial. Zone 4-9. species. Height: ro 3 feet. Hairy, gray green leaves. in full sun. Sow outdoors. Do not cover seeds. Flowers have bright yellow, slighty drooping rays Zone 8-10. 178. V. thapsus. Common mullein. Height: ro 6 and a dark central cone. Zone 4-8. feet. Soft roothed leaves are 1 foot long. One­ 168. S. striatum. BI ue-eyed grass species. inch yel low flowers form clusters along dense 158. R. pinnata. Gray-head coneflower. Height: Height: 15-30 inches. Clumps of irislike leaves erect spikes. Tolerates dry soil. Sow in warm soil. 3-4 feet. A sparsely leaved, upright branching stalk about 1 foot long. In summer, bell-shaped straw­ Do not cover seeds. Biennial. Zone 5-9. producing a gray green flower head, which unfurls colored flowers appear along stems that rise brilliant, clear yellow rays. Blooms may last aU above the leaves. Easy to germinate. Zone 8-10. 179. Verbena hastata. Blue vervain. Height: 4 summer. Does best in a loamy soil. Zone 4-7. feet. Narrow, upright plant has thin, tapering 169. Solidago rigida. Stiff gold enrod. Height: 5 leaves and in midsummer, compressed panicles 159. Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii. Black­ feet. Coarse-l eaved, upright stalks bearing large, of riny blue flowers. Sometimes dried as a me­ eyed Susan variety. Height: to 30 in ches. Deep dense clusters of tiny, golden flowers in late dicinal. Sow in warm soil. Zone 4-10. green foliage and flowers with bright yellow summer and early fall. Tolerates a wide variety petals surrounding a nearly black cone. Blooms of conditions. Sow thickly: tends ro have a low 180. Vernonia altissima. Ironweed species. from midsummer ro fall. Sow in warm soil. Zone viabi lity. Zone 3-8. Height: 7-10 feet. Narrow le aves on sturdy, erect 3-9. stalks ropped with a loose head of purple flow­ 170. Sorghastrum nutans (S. avenaceum). In­ ers. Best suired ro a large, meadow garden. 160. R. hirta. Black-eyed Susan species. Height: dian grass. Height: ro 5 feet. An upright, clump­ Blooms in late summer. Self-sows. Zone 4-8. 2-3 feet. Erect with rounded habit. Similar ro R. ing warm-season grass with long, fine leaves and fulgida bur wirh broader leaves. Blooms summer feathery, yellowish panicles rhar appear in late 181. V. angustifolia. Ironweed species. Heighr: ro fall. Exce ll ent for borders, bedding, and cut summer. Turns a burnt orange in fa ll. Effecrive to 4 feet. A shorter version of V. altissima, with a flowers. Easy ro grow. Full sun ro very light in winter. Start in pots and transplant our after more compact flower head. Zone 7-10.

14 JANUARY 1994 182. V. noveboracensis. New York ironweed. 191. Asimina triloba. Pawpaw. Height: usually Height: to 6 feet. Very simi lar to V. altissima. 20 feet but up to 40 feet is possible. A shru b or Zone 4-S. small tree with oval, droopy leaves and purple, 2-inch flowers in early summer. Greenish ye llow 183.Veronicastntm mrglntCum. Culver's root. fruits taste a bit like banana. Often multiple Height: to 7 feet. Unbranching stems produce stemmed and wi ll sucker. Likes moist, slightly whorls of narrow, toothed leaves 4-6 inches long. acid soil. Will tolerate dense shade but gets The flowers, borne in 9-inch terminal racemes, are scraggly without direct li ght. Cold condition blue or white tinged with pink. Zone 3-S. seeds indoors immediately, then sow in warm soil. Germination should occur 2-3 months after sowing. Zone 5-S. WILDFLOWER MIXES 192. Callicarpa americana. American beautyberry. Height: 3-S feet. A loosely branched, open shrub with coarse, light green 184. General Purpose Mix. This mixture of fuzzy foliage and a copious load of V4-inch annuals, biennials, and perennials is designed to violet fruits in fall. Fu ll or part sun. Best ro sow suit all hardiness zones in the lower 4S states. At seed in fall. Zone 7-10. In Zone 5-6, beautyberry least 6 hours of sun are necessary. Included are may sti ll be worth growing but will die back to baby's-breath (Gypsophila paniculata), black­ the ground in winter. eyed Susan (Rudbeckia sp.), catchfly (Silene sp.), prairie coneflower (Ratibida columnifera), 193. Calycanthus floridus. Com mon lance-leaved coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata), sweetshrub, Carolina allspice. Height: to 9 feet calliopsis (c. tinctorial, ox-eye daisy (Chrysan­ themum leucanthemum), common evening ~i:::J "d N~T AV~;LA~L~W " t~::en~ primrose (Oenothera biennis), dwarf evening 2-mch'l ~ .howers primrose (0. missouriensis), blue flax (Linum have a strong, spicy scent. Not particular about perenne), California poppy (Eschscholzia soil; wi ll tolerate light shade. Cold condition. californica), and Siberian wallflower (Erysimum Zone 4-9. hieraciifolium) . 194. Cercis chinensis. Chinese redbud. Height: ISS. Northeast Mix. Connecticut, Delaware, 10-15 feet. A multi-stemmed, deciduous shrub District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massa­ with heart-shaped leaves. Blooms in early spring chusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New before leafing out. Showy purple pink flowers, York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, then 4-inch pealike seed pods. Full sun to part Virginia, West Virginia, Maritime Provinces, shade in well -aerated, deep soil. Difficult to and Quebec. Twenty-two species including New germinate. Cold condition, then warm condi­ England aster (Aster novae-angliae), baby's­ tion. It may be necessary ro repeat this cycle. An breath, black-eyed Susan, purple coneflower alternative is just to sow the seed outside and (Echinacea purpurea), lance-leaved coreopsis, wait. Zone 6-9. flowering flax (Linum grandiflorum), foxglove seeds impossible to start outdoors. Unless oth­ (Digitalis sp.), gay feather (Liatris spicata), gilia erwise noted, cold conditioning means 3 months 195. Chilopsis linearis. Desert wi ll ow. Height: (Ipomopsis rubra), rocket larkspur (Delphinium at 40 degrees, and warm conditioning is 3 to 20 feet. This southwestern native has slender sp.) , corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas), spurred months at 70 degrees. It may also be necessary wi ll owlike leaves and pink, funnel-shaped flow­ snapdragon (Linaria maroccana), and others. to break the seedcoat physically, a technique ers borne on terminal racemes in the summer. Do called scarification. This can often be done by not condition: plant immediately. Zone S-10. 186. Southwest Mix. Arizona, southern Califor­ rubbing the seeds with sandpaper, but larger nia, southern Nevada, and New Mexico. seeds may need to be nicked with a knife. 196. Chionanthus virginicus. Fringe tree. Twenty-one species including Tahoka daisy Height: 12-20 feet. Gray bark, medium to dark (Machaeranthera tanacetifolia), farewell-to­ 187. Abies koreana. Korean fir. Height: to 30 green leaves often lustrous above and paler un­ spring (Clarkia unguiculata), prairie coneflower, feet. A slow-growing, dense, short-needled fir, derneath, turning yellow in fall. Lacy, white, calliopsis, cornflower (Centaurea sp.), prairie with purplish, 3-inch cones. Prefers acid soil and fragrant flowers are borne in 6-S-inch panicles flax (Linum perenne subsp. lewisii), flowering wi ll tolerate part sun. Firs have low germination in May and June. By late summer, dark blue flax, penstemon (Penstemon strictus), Califor­ rates. Cold conditioning may help. Zone 5-7. grapelike fruits with a stony seed appear. Excel­ nia poppy, corn poppy, tidy-tips (Layia platy­ lent in groups or borders. Pollution tolerant. glossa), yarrow (Achillea sp.), and others. 18S. A. procera 'Glauca'. Noble fir cu lti var. Prefers moist, deep, rich, acidic soil. Difficult to Height: 75 feet in 30 years would be an optimis­ germinate. Sow outdoors in fall for germination tic forecast for this slow-growing fir. Pyramidal, the second spring. Another approach is to warm wi th blue-green I-inch needles and cones up to condition indoors, then cold condition. Seed TREES & SHRUBS 10 inches long. Eventually loses its lower limbs. should germinate when exposed to warmth a Likes cool, moist acid soil in full or part sun. second time. Zone 3-9. Cold condition. Zone 5-7. ree seeds are often difficult to germinate 197.. Cornus florida. Flowering dogwood. because they have impenetrable 189. Acer rufinerve. Redvein maple. Height: Height: usually 20 feet, but 40 feet is possible. Tseedcoats or other complicated mecha­ 15-20 feet. A large shrub or small tree with Spread may be greater than height. Horizontal nisms to protect them from early germination. arching branches that form a broad, uneven branches, starting low on the trunk, give the tree Many of the entries in this .section incorporate crown. Leaves are not as lobed as most maples a la yered effect. Sim pIe lea ves up to 6 inches long germination advice from seed studies conducted and have fine red hairs on the vei ns. Fall color have a medium texture. Produces 4-inch flowers by Norman Deno and published in his book, tends towards red. Part sun in cool, moist, with 4 showy, white bracts in spring. Prefers part Seed Germination Theory and Practice. (See slightly acid soil. Soak seeds overnight. Removal sun in moist, loamy acid soil. Cold condition page 6.) To sprout tree seeds, it is usually neces­ of the seed coat may aid germination. Zone 5-7. immediately. Zone 5-9. sary to keep them moist while exposing them to one or more cycles of warmth and co ld. Depend­ 190. A. tegmentosum. Manchu-striped maple. 198. Eriobotrya japonica. Loquat. Height: 20- ing on where you live and the relative size of Height: 20-30 feet. Pale green, only slightly 25 feet. Evergreen shrub or small tree. Fragrant, your indoor and outdoor space, you may want lobed foliage may turn bright ye llow in fall. Bark rich, glossy foliage with lV2-inch whitish flowers to plant tree seeds in a protected area outside, develops a conspicuous network of white fis­ that hang in terminal panicles 6-10 inches long. and let nature do the warm and cold condition­ sures. Part sun in cool, moist, slightly acid soil. Widely cultivated in tropics for its fruit, which ing. Conditioning seeds indoors clearly gives the Soak seeds overnight. Removal of the seed coat will only develop in frost-free regions. Full to part grower more control, and Deno found some may aid germination. Zone 4-7. sun. No conditioning needed. Zone S-10.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 15 199. Hibiscus paramutabilis. Rose mallow spe­ ings. Irregular but handsome open habit. Pro­ moist, neutral to acid soil. Difficult to germi­ cies . Height: to 12 fee t wi th a nearly equal duces 4-6 inch needles and 3-6 inch cones. Na­ nate. Warm condition, cold condition, then re­ sprea d. A shrub wi th lobed, 6-inch leaves and tive to southern California. Prefers dry soil. Cold peat the cycle. Zone 5-8 . pinkish red bell-shaped fl owers. Likes moist, condition. Zone 7-10. rich soil. Sow in wa rm soil. Zone 4-9. 213. Viburnum cassinoides. Withe-rod vibur­ 208. Prunus maritima. Beach plum. Height: 6 num. Height: 6 feet with an equal spread. A 200. H. syriacus. Rose-of-Sharon. Height: 8-12 feet. A dense, suckering shrub that produces dense shrub with dark green, oval leaves that feet . Stiffly erect shru b with sh owy single, 3-inch small, white flowers in May and dark red or color orange-red, crimson, and purple in the fall. white, red, pink, or purple flowers in late summer purple fruits in August. The fruits are useful for Cream-colored flowers in midsummer yield or fall. Yellowish fall foliage . One of the best jam. Salt tolerant. Prefers a sandy, well-aerated green berries that turn red, then blue, then black Hibiscus spec ies for northern gardens and very soil. Cold condition. Zone 3-6. in September. Will tolerate part sun. Warm con­ easy to grow. Makes a good hedge or screen. Full dition, then cold condition. Zone 3-8. to part sun. Germinates easily. Zone 5-8. 209. Quercus phellos. Willow oak. Height: 40- 60 feet. Pyramidal in youth, but developing a 214. V. lantana. Wayfaring tree. Height: 10-15 feet with an equal spread. A rounded, multiple­ stemmed shrub bearing 5-inch, serrated leaves SAVE THIS CATALOG! ~~~~~ll 1 NOT AVAILABiE ~ ' " l~~~;~ yellow t a year and in May, cream-colored flowers up to 5 for the first 20 years. Not particular about soil inches across. Winter appearance is somewhat 201. Koelreuteria paniculata. Panicled golden type. Warm condition, cold condition, then warm coarse. Will tolerate part sun. Likes a loamy soil rain tree. Height: to 40 feet. Spread may exceed condition. Zone 5-9. but is more drought tolerant than most vibur­ height. A dense, broad tree with long, pinnate nums. Cold condition. Zone 3-8. leaves and showy panicles of loose, yellow flow­ 210. Rhamnus purshiana. Cascara buckthorn. ers in July. Flower clusters can exceed a foot in Height: to 20 feet. Large, low-branching, decid­ 215. Vitex agnus-castus. Chaste tree. Height: length. Likes full sun but adapts to a wide range uous shrub or small tree. Finely toothed leaves 10-20 feet. Deciduous, aromatic shrub. Dark of soil conditions. It may help to scarify seeds. are 8 inches long. Umbels of greenish flowers green leaves have velvety gray hairs underneath. Warm condition, cold condition, then sow in yield quarter-inch black fruits that attract birds. Fragrant, pale lilac flowers in 7-inch spikes warm soiL Zone 5-9. Tolerates urban conditions. Cold condition. make a spectacular show in late summer. At­ Zone 7-10. tracts butterflies. Easy to germinate. Zone 7-8. 201. Leucothoe racemosa. Swamp bowbells, sweetbells. Height: 5-12 feet. Native to the 211. Rhododendron schlippenbachii. Royal 216. Wisteria sinensis. Chinese wisteria. A Southeast, this shrub produces racemes of white azalea. Height: 6-8 feet with an equal spread. A woody vine that climbs to 30 feet or more. flowers up to 4 inches long in late spring and deciduous shrub with dark green foliage that Somewhat fragrant, bluish violet flowers bloom early summer. Oval, bright green leaves redden turns yellow, orange, or crimson in fa ll. Fra­ in pendulous racemes in May. These are fol­ before falling. Will sucker. Prefers moist acid soil grant, pink flowers appear in May, just as the lowed by velvety seed pods. Grow on a sturdy in light or heavy shade. Tolerates full sun if kept plant is leafing out. Inflorescence is up to 3 structure in deep, moist, well-aerated soil. Soak moist. Do not cover seed. Zone 5-9. inches across. One of the most bea utiful hardy seeds in warm water and sow in fall. Zone 5-8. azaleas. Doesn't need soil as acidic as most 202. Lupinus arboreus. Tree lupine. Height: 3-8 members of this genus do: will tolerate a pH as feet. Ornamental shrub for mild climates. Short­ high as 7. Sow in warm soil. Zone 4-7. stalked palmate leaves. Ten-inch racemes of HER B S summer flowers, usually yellow, are followed by 212. Styrax japonicus. Japanese snowbell. 3-inch pods containing 8-12 seeds. Easy to grow Height: 20-30 feet with an equal or greater and tolerant of poor soil, as long as it is well spread. A small, rounded tree with distinctive, 217. Allium tuberosum. Garlic chives. Height: aerated. Scarify seeds, then soak them in warm low and wide-spreading branches. Leaves are of 20 inches. Hardy perennial. Flat leaves have a water. Sow inJuly or August. Zone 8-10. a pointed oval shape. White, bell-shaped flowers delicate garlic flavor. Striking white flowers in are borne on pendulous stalks in May and June. late summer and early fall. Somewhat invasive. 203. Maackia amurensis. Amur maackia. Prefers a sheltered site in full or part sun and Zone 3-10. Height: 20-30 feet with an equal or greater spread. A small rounded tree with foot-long 218. Anethum graveolens 'Bouquet'. Dill culti­ compound leaves. Six-inch spikes of white flow­ var. Height: 2-2V2 feet. Annual. Feathery leaves ers appear in June and July. Soak seeds in warm and a stalk terminating in an umbel of tiny water overnight. Zone 3-7. yellow flowers. The entire plant is aromatic. Sow in warm soil. 204. Macfadyena unguis-cati. Cat's-claw creeper. A clinging tropical vine with narrow 2- 219. Angelica archangelica. Angelica. Height: inch leaves. The showy yellow, trumpet-shaped to 5 feet. Biennial. Umbels of small greenish flowers are 3 inches long and nearly as wide. Can white flowers appear in midsummer. The large, take a degree or fWO of frost. Zone 8-10. 3-part leaves can be cooked as a vegetable. Young stems and petioles are sometimes can­ 205. Magnolia macrophylla 'Julian Hill'. died. Prefers moist soil and cool temperatures. Bigleaf magnolia cultivar. Height: to 40 feet. A Will tolerate some shade. Sow outdoors in late large, open magnolia with 2-foot leaves. The fall or indoors after refrigerating seed for 6-8 white flowers appear in June and measure up to weeks. Zone 4-10. 11 inches across. Best as a specimen, surrounded by a large lawn. Plants have bloomed 9 years 220. Coriandrum sativum. Coriander. Height: after sprouting. Sow indoors. Zone 6-10. 1-3 feet. Annual. Small umbels of white, rose, or lavender flowers bloom in summer. Both the 206. M. stellata 'Centennial'. Star magnolia seeds and the finely divided foliage are used as cultivar. Height: 15-20 feet with a spread of up seasoning. to 15 feet. Fragrant, white star-shaped flowers 5 inches across are tinged with pink. Blooms in 221. Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa. Roquette, early spring before leafing out. Close-set oval rugula. Height: 21/2 feet. Annual. White flowers leaves give the tree a dense habit. Likes moist have purplish veins. Dark green leaves have a acid soil in a protected spot. Avoid a southern strong, peppery flavor and should be picked exposure, which tends to cause early bud break. when 4-6 inches long. Prefers light, rich soil. Cold condition, then sow indoors. Zone 4-9. Quick growing and will tend to bolt in midsum­ mer, so it's best to plant in early spring and again 207. Pinus radiata. Monterey pine. Height: to in early fall. 60 feet. Extremely valuable for seaside plant-

16 JANUARY 1994 alkaline soil. Will not tolerate rich or poorly noa. Height: 5-6 feet. Flowers in panicles of red, aerated soils. Zone 3-10. orange, yellow, purple, or mauve. Small, oval, alad burnet, Poterium sangui­ dull blue-green leaves can be used as salad greens sorba, (#231) is a great herb. The and the seed heads can be cooked or ground for Sfresh leaves add a refreshing flour. Matures in 100 days. Detailed use and cucumberlike cool flavor to white wines VE GET AB LE S growing sheet will be enclosed with order. Sow and are a classic addition to that summer in fall. favorite, gin-and-tonic. It is also very tasty with cold poached chicken, sea­ 232. Allium cepa 'Red Simiane'. Onion cultivar. 247. Cucumis melo 'Galia'. Melon cultivar. food, green salads, sauces, cold summer A sweet onion, with purplish red, elongated bulbs. Fruits have greenish gold nerted skin and weigh soups, and as a flavoring for vinegar. Maturation time not spec ified. Needs light, fertile, up to 3 pounds. Cool summers might be benefi­ deep soil. Plant Y4 inch deep in warm soil. Can be cial. Matures in 85 days. sown in fall south of Zone 7. 248. C. sativus 'Lemon'. Cucumber cultivar. 222. Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum. Flor­ 233. Brassica juncea. Spinach mustard. Height: This old American favorite produces fast-grow­ ence fenne l. Height: to 6 feet. Perennial usually 10-12 inches. Thick glossy leaves are spicy and ing, light yellow fruits that resemble lemons. The grown as an annual. Upright, with feathery crisp and can be eaten raw. Pick them when mild, crunchy cucumbers can be eaten raw or foliage and large umbels of yellow-green flow­ they're 3-4 inches long. Productive throughout pickled. Harvest when young. Vine does best ers. These should be removed as they fade to the growing season. Can be used as a winter crop with a trellis support. Matures in 61 days. If prevent self-seeding. Licorice-flavored seeds are south of Zone 7. sowing indoors, use peat pots to minimize trans­ used in cooking. Stalks are usually eaten plant shock. blanched. 234. B. juncea. Chinese broadleaf mustard. Height: 11;2 feet. Broad, bright green, oval leaves 249. C. sativus 'Pepino Poinsett 76'. Cucumber 223. F. vulgare var. azoricum 'Bronze'. Florence are tender and very mild tasting. Matures in 45 cultivar. Dark green fruits. Long-bearing and fennel cultivar. Similar to the species but foliage days. Sow in spring and fall. Plant seeds Yz inch does well in heat. Matures in 60-65 days. has a pronounced bronze cast. deep a bout 18 inches a part. 250. C. sativus 'Straight Nine'. Cucumber cul­ 224. F. vulgare var. azoricum 'Zefa Fino'. Flor­ 235. B. juncea var. crispifolia (B. japonica). tivar. Very uniform, dark green 9- inch fruit. ence fennel cu ltivar. Has a smaller bulb than the Chinese potherb mustard. Height: 1 foot. A very Mildew tolerant. Matures in 65 days. species and is more resistant to bolting. mild-tasting oriental green with elegant, feath­ ery foliage. Fast-growing. Harvest young leaves 251. Cucurbita maxima 'Atlantic Giant'. 225. Hedeoma pulegioides. American penny­ or more mature heads. Will produce greens Pumpkin cultivar. Sprawling vines produce royal. Height: 6-18 inches. Annual. Many throughout the growing season. pumpkins that may weigh over 300 pounds. branching stems give the plant a shrubby ap­ Matures in 120 days. Does best in loamy or pearance. Small bluish purple flowers appear in 236. B. napa. Siberian kale. Height: to 3 feet. sandy soil. Sow in mounds at least 4 feet apart. summer. Said to repel insects. Crushed leaves Upright plant with frilly, reddish-purple veined may be rubbed on the skin to ward off mosqui­ leaves and yellow-orange flowers. Matures in 50 252. C. maxima 'Green Hokkaido'. Squash cul­ tos. Sometimes strewn in doghouses in the hope days. Can be grown as a winter crop south of tivar. Produces a flattened, 3-6-pound blue­ of keeping down fleas, or used in sachets to keep Zone 6. green squash with yellow-orange flesh. These moths from woolens. Also used as a tea. Will are dry with a nutty taste. They keep well and tolerate some shade. Does best in poor soi l: rich 237. B. oleracea 'Green Comet Hybrid'. Broc­ are good for baking. Matures in 95 days. Sow soils diminish its aromatic properties. Seedlings coli cultivar. Dense uniform heads made this in mounds in warm soil. should be thinned to 4-6 inches. broccoli an All-America Selections winner. Mat­ uration is said to be extra early, but a time is not 253. C. mixta 'Santo Domingo Cushaw'. Win­ 226. Melilotus alba. White sweet clover. Height: specified. Needs a moist site and cool weather. ter squash cultivar. Crook-necked fruit has a 3-10 feet. A biennial usually grown as an annual. Start seeds indoors. Plants can be set out when faintly mottled green and tan skin. The flesh is A white-flowered clover commonly grown as a they're 6 inches high, even before the last frost. pale yel low-orange. Maturation time not speci­ green manure, cover crop, or honey plant. Will Broccoli can be grown as a fall crop and south fied . After danger of frost has passed, sow in flower its first year. Not particular about soil. of Zone 7, as a winter crop. mounds about 4 feet apart.

227. Ocimum basilicum 'Crispum'. Sweet basil 238. B. rapa. Chinese cabbage, pak choi. 254. C. pepo 'Table Ace'. Winter squash culti­ cultivar. Height: 1-2 feet. Annual. Bright green Height: 11;2 feet. Important in Asian cu isine. var. Vigorous, compact plants set heavy crops of foliage and tiny, whorled, white flowers. Aro­ Flat, narrow lea ves surround a white stalk. Both dark green, acorn-shaped squashes with bright matic herb used in Italian cuisine. Pinch back leaves and stalk are crisp and mild flavored. orange flesh. Matures in 75 days. Sow in hills 3 new leaves and flower buds to produce more Matures in 50 days. Since this is a short-season feet apart. growth and a bushier habit. Prefers a warm crop, resow every 3 weeks or so. Will bolt in hot location with a moist, well-aerated soil. weather. Mulch to keep the soil cool. 255. Daucus carota var. sativa 'Thumbelina'. Carrot cu lti var. Yields sweet, round, golfball­ 228. O. basilicum 'Genovese Perfume'. Sweet 239. Capsicum annuum. Christmas pepper cul­ sized roots. Idea l for window boxes and other basil cultivar. Height: 24-30 inches. Annual. tiva r. Height: 30 inches. A shrubby plant bearing containers. Maturation time not specified. Needs Very potent: has an intense, perfumy scent. For small , bright red, very hot peppers. Matures in rich, well-worked soil. Several sowings can be culture, see 'Crispum', above. 120 days. Because it's so decorative, this pepper made to prolong the bearing season. Seedlings is often grown in containers to be brought inside should be thinned to 2 inches apart. Soil should 229. O. basilicum 'Licorice'. Sweet basil culti­ before frost. Needs plenty of moisture. Sow in be mounded slightly around the crown to prevent var. Height: 2 feet . Annual. Pink flowers and a warm soil. the carrot tops from turning green. strong licorice taste. For culture, see 'Crispum'. 240. C. annuum. A mixture of hot pepper cul­ 256. Lactuca sativa 'Cimmaron'. Romaine let­ 230. Osmorhiza claytonii. Woolly sweet cicely. tivars. An assortment of colors, shapes, and tuce cultiva r. A bronze red variery that dates Height: 3 feet. Perennial. Produces large, hairy flavors. Includes large, medium-hot varieties from the 18th century. Maturation time not compound leaves and umbels of tiny white or like 'Anaheim M' and 'Hungarian Yellow Wax' specified. Resists bolting, so it can be harvested yellow flowers. The root is aromatic. Sow in as well as smaller, very hot varieties, like over a long period. Lettuces require a moist, warm soil. Zone 3-8. 'Jalapeno M ', 'Red Chili', and others. sandy loam and prefer cooler temperatures. They are often resown in late summer for fall 231. Poterium sanguisorba. Burnet. Height: 1-2 241. C. annuum 'California Wonder'. Sweet crops. In the South they can be grown as winter feet. Perennial. Small white or rose flower clus­ pepper cultivar. Yields sweet, round, green bell crops. Do not cover seeds. ters appear in ea rl y summer. The finely cut peppers. Matures in 120 days. Sow in warm soil. leaves, bunched at the base of the plant, have a Plant 18-24 inches apart. 257. L. sativa 'Dapple Butterhead'. Head let­ cucumberlike flavor. Use them in sa lads, vine­ tuce cu ltivar. Crisp, green leaves have bright red gars, and in sour cream dip. Needs a dry, sandy, 246. Chenopodium quinoa. Multi-head qui- edges. Resistant to tip burn and bottom rot.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 17 Maruration time not specified. For culture, see 274. S. melongena var. esculentum 'Early 'Cimmaron', page 17. Beauty'. Eggplant culti var. Height: 2-3 feet. Vig­ inutes from the garden to the orous plants produce many small, dark purple 258. L. sativa 'Red Sails'. Leaf lettuce cultivar. kettle-that's the taste differ­ fruits with very firm flesh. Has a long bearing Beautiful bronze red leaves are arranged in an M ence between corn bought at season. Matures in 62 days. For culture, see open head, which allows more sunlight-induced the store or even the farmer's roadside 'Asian Bride', above. vitamins to form in the inner leaves. Matures in stand and corn harvested from your own 40 days. Sow every 2 weeks for a continuous garden. Another reason for growing your 275. S. melongena var. esculentum 'Lao Green crop. For culrure, see 'Cimmaron'. own corn is that different varieties have Stripe'. Eggplantcultivar. Height: 3 feet. Upright distinct flavors. '10 Chief' corn (#279), an plants yield green- and white-striped fruits 1-2 259. Lagenaria siceraria 'Birdhouse'. Gourd All-America Selections winner, is a deli­ inches in diameter. Matures in 120 days. For cu ltivar. A rapid grower with cucumberlike cious variety that matures in 89 days and culture, see 'Asian Bride'. vines and foliage, yiel ding gourds up to 1 foot is drought resistant. Ears from a planting long in a variety of shapes. Some look like of a given variety mature at about the 276. Tragopogon porrifolius. Salsify, vegetable bottles, others like pears with long necks. Ma­ same time. If you want ears over a long oyster. A clump of flat, narrow leaves like a large tures in 90-100 days. Needs moist, fertile soiL period, use va ri eties with different matu­ garlic plant, atop a narrow, foot-long root that Best grown on a trellis or other support. riry times or plant the same variety at can be steamed, stewed, or fried. Tastes like two-week intervals. oysters. Matures in 120 days. Requires a light, 260. Lycopersicon lycopersicum '862 deep, well-aerated loam. Sow V2 inch deep. Har­ Glamour'. Tomato cultivar. A dependable old vest after first frost for the best flavor. cooking variery. Vine is often grown on the ground without support. Matures in 74 days. pods, yielding large quantities of light brown 277. Vignis unguiculata subsp. unguiculata beans. Delicious raw or cooked. Matures in 70 'Whippoorwill'. Cowpea cultivar. Running 261. L. lycopersicum 'Schimmeig Striped days. This bean is often trained to climb up corn vines reach 5 feet and yield 6-inch purple-green Hollow'. Tomato cultivar. Fruits are red with stalks. pods, each containing 16 large seeds. When orange stripes and hollow like a bell pepper. dried, peas are a speckled brown. Matures in 90 Useful for sruffing. Can be baked or eaten raw. 266. P. vulgaris 'Ruth Bible'. Pole bean cultivar. days. Nontwining vines can be staked. Sow 2 Matures in 80-90 days. Sow in warm soi L An heirloom grown by a Kentucky family since inches deep at 18-inch intervals. the 1830s. Vigorous grower yields 31/2-inch tan­ 262. Phaseolus coccineus. Scarlet runner bean. colored pods. These should be picked when 278. Zea mays 'Indian Popcorn'. Popcorn culti­ Long, twining vines produce bright sca rl et flow­ young. Matures in 52 days. var. Height: 5-8 feet. Each plant yields up to 3 ers and can be trained up trellises or other ears of tasty, multicolored popcorn. Kernels are structures. Beans can be picked immature as 267. P. vulgaris 'Thousand-co-One'. Snap bush white, ye llow, red, purple, and brown. Matures string beans or fully mature as shell beans. Ma­ bean cultivar. Height: 15 inches. A very produc­ in 105 days. Corn does best in rich, well-aerated tures in 65 days. Requires a loamy soiL Sow 1 tive heirloom variety with black and tan striped sandy soil with plenty of water. To improve inch deep at 6-inch intervals after danger of frost beans. Matures in 60 days. pollination, it's best to grow corn in blocks rather has passed. Water at the base of the plant to than in one or two rows. Sow in warm soiL prevent mildew from attacking the leaves. 268. P. vulgaris 'White Greasy Grit'. Snap pole bean cultivar. Height: to 10 feet. Fast-growing 279. Z. mays '10 Chief'. Sweet corn cultivar. 263. P. vulgaris 'Chapman's Horticultural'. vine produces a heavy load of 6-inch pods tightly Height: 61/2 feet. This All-America Selections Bean cultivar. Yields a large quantity of beans packed with white beans. These have a nutty winner produces 10-inch ears of sweet ye ll ow mottled white and maroon. Maturation time not fl avor and can be used either as snap or dry corn. A low-water variety that matures in 89 specified. beans. Matures in 80 days. Definitely needs days. For culture, see 'Indian Popcorn', above. staking. 264. P. vulgaris 'Jacob's Cattle' or 'Trout Bean'. 280. Z. mays 'Rainbow'. Popcorn cu ltivar. Bush bean cu lti va r. The beans, speckled maroon 269. Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon Height: 4-6 feet. Ears contain kernels in just and white, are used dry for soups and baking. 'Blizzard'. Snow pea cu ltivar. Height: 30 inches. about every color possible for corn. Maturation Matures quickly. Sow in warm soiL Heavy yields of tender 3-inch pods ideal for time not specified. For culture, see 'Indian stir-frying. Matures in 63 days. Peas do best in Popcorn'. 265. P. vulgaris 'Louisiana Purple Pod'. Snap a cool, moist situation. Sow them as soon as the pole bean cultivar. Gorgeous purple flowers and ground can be worked and again in late summer 281. Z. mays 'Super Sweet Hybrids'. Sweet corn for a second harvest. Moisten the seeds, then cultivar. Large, yellow ears with up to twice the plant them in trenches about 11/2 inches deep. sugar of ordin ary sweet com. Matures in 80 Space the seeds about 2 inches apart. Stake when days. Cross-pollination with other corn varieties plants are a foot taiL may affect yie ld: sow at least 350 feet from other varieties. For culture, see 'Indian Popcorn'. 270. P. sativum var. macrocarpon 'Dwarf Green Sugar Pea'. Pea cultivar. 2-3-inch pods on 3-foot 282. Z. mays 'Two's Sweeter'. Sweet corn culti­ vines. Pods should be picked before they swe lL var. A new variety yielding very sweet 7-inch Matures in 65 days. For culture, see 'Blizzard', yellow and white ears. Matures in 78 days. For above. culture, see 'Indian Popcorn'.

271. P. sativum var. sativum 'Multistar'. Pea cultivar. Three-foot vines yield a wrinkle pea, ideal for freezing. Matures in 75 days. For cul­ GREENHOUSE ture, see 'Blizzard'.

272. P. sativum var. sativum 'Waverex Petit North of Zone 9, these plants must be grown Pois'. Pea cultivar. Extremely productive 18- in th e greenhouse. inch vi nes yield small tender, very sweet peas. Matures in 65 days. For culture, see 'Blizzard'. 283.Annona cherimola. Cherimoya. Height: 20 feet. Evergreen tree. Leaves are oval or lance­ 273. Solanum melongena var. esculentum shaped, velvety beneath. Nodding, usually soli­ 'Asian Bride'. Eggplant culti var. Height: 21/2 tary flowers are strongly aromatic and the feet. An upright bush yielding white and laven­ four-inch fruits have a custardli ke flavor. Hand­ der fruit. Maturation time not specified. It's pollinate to induce fruiting. generally best to start eggplants indoors, in peat Bean..s pots to minimize transplant shock. Transplant 284. Brugmansia x candida. Angel's trumpet. to warm soi L Height: to 20 feet in the wild; perhaps 6 feet in

18 JANUARY 1994 cultivation. A small tree native to the Andes. Large, ve lvety, elliptical leaves and foot-long, HOW TO ORDER are ordering 10 packets of seed and $4 ;eh~~:r N~T ~~~ILAB~ cJr:e:~~ if you are ordering 15 packets of seed. Yield a n folk -+- List selections by number only. All contributions are tax-deductible. medicine. Hardy only to Zone lOb. Often used -+- Attach the mailing label from this as a container plant farther north, or planted outside where it may persist for several years, issue or fill in your name, address, and BONUS SEEDS dying back to the ground each winter. member code number, located at the top left-hand corner of the mailing label. Additional contributions to the seed pro­ 285. Caesalpinia mexicana. H eight: 30 feet. A Your order will be shipped faster if you gram let us employ horticultural interns small tree native to Mexico. Large bipinnate leaves and panicles of yellow flowers. Soak seeds include your member number on the to help coordin ate the seed program and overnight in warm water before sowing. order form. mail surplus seeds to schools and other -+- In case our supply of your first­ nonprofit groups. This year members 286. Carica papaya. Papaya. H eight: to 25 feet. choice seed packets has been depleted, who contribute $10 or more to the seed Generally branchless trunk carries palmate please be sure to list substitute selec­ program when they order will receive leaves 2 feet in diameter on 2-foot stalks. Fra­ grant yellow flowers with I-inch petals form tions in the space provided below. three packets of easy-to-grow seeds as a clumps, mainly on female plants. Melonlike, -+- To increase your chances of getting thank you. Bonus seeds are: oval fruit has a thick, yellowish orange skin your first-choice seeds, please mail us -+- Lycopersicon lycopersicum 'Mam­ when ripe. Soak seeds overnight in warm water your order form as soon as possible. ma Mia'. Tomato cultivar. A new dis­ before sowing. Not hardy beyond Zone 10. -+- The cut off date for receiving seed ease-resistant and high-yielding cu ltivar 287. Cassia alata. Candle-bush, ca ndl estick orders is May 1, 1994. No orders will that is delicious fresh and an exception­ be filled after this date. all y good meaty tomato for making f:;gne:f I 'N~~c ~VAI~ABLE I I r ~e~!~ -+- Keep this catalog! You wi ll need sauces. Pear-shaped fruit matures in fl owerl o spikes. the catalog to identify the seeds you about 62 days. Blooms in winter. receive. Seed packets are identified only -+- Tropaeolum majus 'Jewel Mix'. 288. Ephedra nevadensis. Mormon tea. Height: with the numbers that appear in this Nasturtium culti var. Large double catalog. Replacement copies of the cat­ flowers in a brilliant assortment of or­ ~~7e~:~' D"'NOT ~V;'IL~BL~na c bn~~~~: alog are $3 each. ange, yellow, and red. Very easy to ger­ broom United States and Mexico. Prefers porous, slightly dry minate and grow. Excellent for soil. VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS containers or window boxes. -+- Anethum graveolens 'Mammoth'. 289. Lithops sp. Living stone species. Height: While seed offered in this annual pro­ Dill cultivar. Fast growing up to 3 feet 1/2 inch. The twin leaves that make up the body tall, this herb has large yellow of the plant resemble pebbles. Lea ves of this gram is free to our members, we do species are red. In fall, a yellow flower emerges request a voluntary contribution to help flower heads with feathery greenish blue from the fis sure between them. Needs full sun in defray shipping and handling costs. leaves. Indispensable for salads, sauces, dry sandy soil. After the first year, it should be We request a minimum of $3 if you soups, and fish. kept moist in summer but dry from fall to early spring. Sow in warm soil.

290. Mammillaria mu[tidigitata. Pincushion 1994 AHS SEED CATALOG ORDER FORM cactus species. Height: 4 inches. Clumps of round heads produce yellow-green flowers that AHS Member Code Number: last all summer. Sow in warm soil. Germination Name: can occur in anywhere from 5 days to several months. Address: City/State/Zip: 291. Podranea ricasoliana. Pink trumpet vine. A fast-growing, twining vine that can grow to 12 feet or more. Native to South Africa, it has List Your Selections by Number Only evergreen compound leaves and loose panicles First Choice Selections of fragrant trumpet-shaped flowers. The flowers _____ 5. are pink with some red striation. 1. 9. 13. 2. _____ 6. 10. 14. 292. Sesbania tomentosa. 'Ohai. Height: 4 feet. ______7. ______A rare Hawaiian shrub. Densely branched with 3. 11. 15. fine, compound leaves covered with woolly 4. ______8. ______12. hairs. Produces racemes of 1V2-inch reddish or­ ange, pea-type flowers. Extremely showy. Usu­ ally lives only about 5 years. Needs full sun. Substitute Selections Notch seeds on the side opposite the scar In case my first choice selections are unavailable, please send me these substitute selections: (hylum) and soak them over·night. Will not tol­ 1. _____ 3. _____ 5. 7. erate any frost. 2. ______4. _____ 6. 8. 293. Simmondsia chinensis. Jojoba. Height: to o Please send me 10 selections. I enclose my $3 voluntary contribution. 7 feet. This slow-growing evergreen shrub is na­ tive to southern California. Its numerous, stiff o Please send me allIS selections. I enclose my $4 voluntary contribution. branches are covered with oval, leathery leaves. o Please send me my three bonus seeds. I have enclosed a donation of $ ___ ($10 or It's dioecious, which means the sexes occur on more) to help AHS continue to offer and improve its Annual Seed Program. different plants. Takes about 3 years to flower. The MAIL TO: AHS Seed Program, 7931 East Bouleva rd Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308-1300. fruits yield jojoba oil. Likes to be hot and dry. Sow in warm soil. Produces a long taproot, which resists transplanting. Not hardy beyond Zone 10.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST J9 The American Horticultural Society'S Free Mrs. Norman Martin, Warrensville, Illinois G. S. Grimes Seeds, 201 West Main Street, Seed Exchange wouldn't be possible without Emilie McBride, Chevy Chase, Maryland Smith port, PA 16749. Catalog free. seed donations from individuals, seed compa­ Mildred V. Metz, South Dennis, Massachusetts Harris Seeds, 60 Saginaw Drive, Rochester, nies, and horticultural organizations. Our Kathy Miller, Wooster, Ohio NY 14692. Catalog free. thanks to this year's donors: Caroline Morris, Washington, D.C. Hartman's Herb Farm, Old Dona Road, David Read, Chicago, Illinois Barre, MA 01005. Catalog $2. Caroline Renfro, Mount Pleasant, Hilltop Herb Farm, P.O. Box 325, Chain-O­ INDIVIDUALS North Carolina Lakes Resort, Romayor, TX 77368. Seed Debbie Rivetts, Kirkland, Washington brochure free. Crystal H. Rogers, Waverly, Alabama International Geranium Society, 1421 Saltes Angela Anderson, Alexandria, Virginia Lon J. Rombough, Aurora, Oregon Street, Las Vegas, NY 8910l. Suzanne Ashworth, Sacramento, California Catherine Schefter, Olympia, Washington J. W. Jung Seed Company, Randolph, WI Verena Ausburn, Cornelia, Georgia Ernest W. Schuler, Sewell, New Jersey 53957. Catalog free. Mr. & Mrs. Wil liam R. Boone Jr., Carole Smith, Hudson, Ohio Kituzawa Seed Company, 356 West Taylor Seabrook, Maryland Leroy Swift, Woodsville, Texas Street, San Jose, CA 95110. Seed li st free. Mary Brillas, Newberg, Oregon Jeffrey W. Terrel, Houston, Texas KSA Jojoba, 19025 Parthenia Street, Suite Emerick Bronson, Sag Harbor, New York Tom Vogelsang, Sunman, Indiana 200, Northridge, CA 91324. Seed list free. Flo Broussard, Arlington, Virginia Penny Wells, San Rafael, California Mesa Garden, P.O. Box 72, Belen, NM Robert Bursik, Spokane, Washington Henry Wise, Charleston, West Virginia 87002. Catalog $l. Bess Christensen, Lompac, California J. J. Wurdack, Beltsville, Maryland Nichol's Garden Nursery, 1190 North Pacific Marilyn Corum, Jacksonville, Oregon Alice Yeaman, Pittsboro, North Carolina Highway,Albany, OR 97321. Catalog free. Beverly G. Creswell, Chesterton, Indiana Old Sturbridge Village, 1 Old Sturbridge Village Mr. & Mrs. Howard A. Crosby, Carmel, Maine Road, Sturbridge, MA 01566. Catalog free. Mrs. J. K. Clinton, Ruston, Louisiana COMPANIES Park Seed, Cokes bury Road, Greenwood, SC William A. Dabroski Jr., New Windsor, 29647. Catalog free . New York Pinetree Garden Seeds, Route 100, Box 300, Soledad C. Diaz, Pasadena, California Abundant Life Seed Program, P.O. Box 772, New Gloucester, ME 04260. Catalog free. Elise Felton, Southwest Harbor, Maine 1029 Lawrence Street, Port Townsend, WA Princeton Nurseries, P.O. Box 185, Allen­ Paul Ferster, Woodbridge, Connecticut 98368. Catalog free. town, NJ 08501. Wholesale only. Carolyn Fulton, Owings, Maryland Applewood Seed Company, 5380 Vivian Shepherd's Garden Seeds, 6116 Highway 9, Fury Feraco, Fishing Creek, New Jersey Street, Arvada, CO 80002. Catalog free. Felton, CA 95018. Catalog free. Elizabeth Gaarder, Falls Church, Virginia Ball Seed Company, 622 Town Road, West Skipping Stone Organics, 121 River Loop #1, Karen Gray, Copley, Ohio Chicago, IL 60185-2698. Wholesale only. Eugene, OR 97404. Catalog free. Nathan S. Hale, Wilmington, Ohio Clyde Robin Seed Company, Inc., 3670 En- Southern Perennials & Herbs, Rouge 3, Box Mimi Hedl, Belle, Missouri terprise Avenue, Hayward, CA 94545. 174-G, Tylerton, MS 39667. Wholesale only. Mary-Susan Heise, Mahtomedi, Minnesota Catalog free. Stock Seed Farms, R.R. #1, Box 112, Mur­ Evelyn Helm, Sun City, Arizona Companion Plants, 7247 North Coolville Ridge dock, NE 68407. Catalog free. Esther Truitt Henrichset, Salt Lake City, Utah Road, Athens, OH 45701. Catalog free. Sunrise Enterprises, P.O. Box 330058, West Mr.&Mrs.JamesP.Hill,Kingsport, Tennessee Comstock, Ferre & Company, 263 Main Hartford, CT 06133-0058. Catalog $2, Polly Hill, Vineyard Haven, Massachusetts Street, Wethersfield, CT 06109. Catalog refundable. Freda Holley, Ozone, Arkansas $3, refundable. Sunshine Farm & Garden, Route SA, Renick, Chris Inhulsen, Montezuma, Georgia Cook's Garden, P.O. Box 535, Londonderry, WV 24966. Catalog free. Roar Irgens, LaConner, Washington VT 05148. Catalog $l. Thompson & Morgan, P.O. Box 1308, Jack­ Angeline Jeske, Florence, Oregon riiiiiii:;:~ Corns, Route 1, Box 32, Turpin, OK son, NJ 08527. Catalog free. Jim Jones, Lexington, 73950. Seed list free. Vaughan'S Seed Company, 5300 Katrine Av­ Massachusetts F.E.A. Bair Kingfisher, P.O. Box 75, enue, Downer's Grove, IL 60515. Whole­ Ruth Kirk, Chatsworth, Georgia Wexford, PA 15090. Catalog free. sale only. Helen Kramp, Baltimore, The Fragrant Path, P.O. Box 328, Thomas Jefferson Center for Historic Plants, Maryland Fort Calhoun, NE 68023. Cata- P.O. Box 316, Charlottesville, VA 22902. Milton Kuniansky, Atlanta, log $1. Send SASE for seed list. Georgia Flowery Branch, P.O. Box 1330, V & J Seed, P.O. Box 82, Woodstock, IL Larry Larson, Carmel, Indiana Flowery Branch, GA 30542. Catalog $2. 60098. Seed list free. Linda Lathrop, Nixa, Missouri FWH Seed Exchange, P.O. Box 651, Pauma V. L. Price Horticultural Services, 506 Grove Iris Lonker, Reading, Pennsylvania Valley, CA 92061. Seed list $1. Avenue, Catawissz, PA 17820. Catalog Irene M. Lott, Webster Groves, Missouri F. W. Schumacher Company, Inc., 36 Spring free. Scott A. Lucas, Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii Hill Road, Sandwich, MA 02563-1023. W. Arlee Burpee & Company, 300 Park Ave­ Paul Mango, Rochester, New York Catalog free. nue, Warminster, PA 18974. Catalog free.

20 JANUARY 1994 tor for the American Rock Garden Seeds of Woody Plants Society. This second edition, com­ in North Amenca SEED BOOKS piled and edited by his widow, has James A. Young and Cheryl G. Young been expanded and revised. Most gar­ Hardcover. Retail price: $49.95. AHS price: $44.95 Saving Seeds deners are familiar with only a frac­ Book code: TIM 050 Marc Rogers tion of the many splendid alpine Long unavailable, this greatly revised Softcover. Retail price: $9.95. AHS price: $8.75. plants available to them. This handy edition of the near-legendary Agricul­ Book code: GAR 010 guide provides the basic information ture Handbook 450 is one of the most Any gardener can become a successful needed to use alpine seed lists. An useful source books ever published by seed saver. This book will tell you all essential reference work for every al­ the U.S. Forest Service. The present you need to know about how to raise, pine and rock gardening enthusiast. volume includes 386 genera, more harvest, and store seeds for the easi­ 1993. 506 pages. than double the number previously est-to-grow and most popular vegeta­ covered, and adds more than 1,000 bles and ornamental plants. Marc Collecting1 Processing literature citations, reflecting the tre­ and Germmating See

JANUARY 1994 AHS BOOK CATALOG care for your plants and explains how tion and naming of plants is of ongo­ dening, including visual impact, sea­ to rejuvenate old or neglected plants. ing concern to gardeners and horti­ sonal changes, and gardening archi­ It covers all the most commonly culturists. Progress in botanical tecture.1991 . 192 pages. grown shrubs, climbers, herbaceous research leads to changes in nomen­ perennials, bulbs, rock and water clature, and this volume uniquely re­ The Indoor Potted Bulb plants, and trees. Stefan Buczacki flects the current state of taxonomy. Rob Proctor gives full advice on soil, site, watering, Plant names familiar to gardeners are Hardcover. Refllil price: $20. AHS price: $18. feeding, pruning, pests and diseases, retained as cross references. Each of Book code: SIM 014 propagation and troubleshooting. the plants named is described con­ The Indoor Potted Bulb introduces a 1993.240 pages. cisely, including range and hardiness variety of bulbs that will thrive in ratings. All who are involved with most homes and provide a continuous The Hillier Colour Dictionary plants and gardens will find this book parade of dazzling flowers. The text of Trees and Shrubs an excellent reference guide. 1993. also offers options to southern and o Compiled by Hillier Nurseries 1,200 pages. western gardeners whose climates are Hardcover. Refllil price: $39.95. AHS price: $35.95. usually too warm to grow tulips, daf­ Book code: TRA 090 The Ortho Home Gardener's fodils, and most other traditional This easy-to-use color reference Problem Solver spring bloomers. Growing bulbs in­ guide, now revised and updated, lists Softcover. Retail price: $34.95. AHS price: $31.50. doors is a rewarding adventure for over 2,500 of the most useful woody Book code: ORT 013 novice or experienced gardeners. o plants for today's gardener. It pro­ Many gardeners have consulted The 1993. 1U pages. vides concise descriptions and cul­ Ortho Problem Solver at their local tural notes for trees and shrubs, nurseries. Now you can bring much The Outdoor Potted Bulb conifers and climbers, enabling the of the same information to your own Rob Proctor gardener to identify a vast array of library. Photos and text illustrate 672 Hardcover. Refllil price: $20. AHS price: $18. plants quickly and accurately. Com­ specific problems and offer a variety Book code: SIM 015 plete with advice on pruning, a glos­ of solutions. Introductory text for In this volume, the companion to The sary of botanical terms, and a each chapter covers common prob­ Indoor Potted Bulb, Rob Proctor tells comprehensive guide to choosing lems in more detail. An extensive the secrets of outdoor bulb gardening, trees and shrubs for specific purposes, index makes it easy to locate each from adjusting to different climate this invaluable reference book is the topic. 1993. 400 pages. conditions to achieving longer-lasting ideal companion when selecting new blooms. Throughout the country and plants or identifying those already in Scent in Your Garden through all the seaS0ns, ever-chang­ the garden. 1993. 272 pages. Stephen Lacy ing pots of colorful bulbs can invigo­ Hardcover. Refllil price: $40. AHS price: $34. rate the outside space of a home. The Index of Garden Plants­ Book code: LIT 017 expert horticultural advice makes this The New Royal Horticultural Although scent has the power to turn an invaluable guide for gardeners of Society Dictionary an ordinary garden into a bewitching all abilities and from all regions. Mark Griffiths one, it is often perceived as an inessen­ 1993.128 pages. Hardcover. Retail price: $59 .95. AHS price: $53.50. tial aspect of gardening. This book Book code : TIM 012 makes a serious and elegant attempt SAVE YOUR BOOK CATALOG! Based on the four-volume set, The to change that misconception. Over Books listed in the bimonthly cata­ New Royal Horticultural Society Dic­ 1,000 plants worth growing for their logs are available as long as they are tionary of Gardening, this index sup­ fragrance as well as their beauty are in print. If you need a book that is not plies authoritative names for more cataloged and described in exquisite listed, call and we will do our best to than 60,000 ornamental and eco­ detail. Within the theme of scent, Ste­ find it for you. For international or­ nomic plants. The correct identifica- phen Lacy covers other aspects of gar- ders, please add appropriate postage.

AHS HORTICULTURAL BOOK SERVICE ORDER FORM Book Code Quantify Book Tnle Price Each Total D Check enclosed Amount:

D Charge to: D Visa D MasterCard Exp. Dote : __ Virginia residents odd 411.1% sales tax Account#: ______Postage and Handling (see chart below) Signature: ______Total Ship to: Order Instructions Nome : Moil completed order form to: AHS Horficulturol Book Service, Postage & Handling 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308·1300. 5 1.00-5 10.00 odd 5175 Address: 5 10.01 - $ 40.00 odd $3.75 Or call toll-free (800) 777-7931. 5 40.01-5 60.00 odd $4.75 City: Prices in effect unfil March 31 , 1994 . 5 60.01 - 5 80.00 odd 55.75 5 80.01 -5100.00 odd 56.75 State / Zip: After expironon date, orders may be phoned in and filled pending availability. Please 5100.01 + odd 58.00 per S1 00 .00 M"Onum:S14 perord~ Daytime Phone: ______allow four to six weeks for delivery. Plices are subjed to change without nonce.

JANUARY 1994 AHS BOOK CATALOG REpORT FROM mE ANNUAL MEETING

ore than 100 members of the it falls. I have so many plants there is really American Horticultural Society no room for weeds." In fact, all that or­ M joined Board Members, award ganic matter has led to a rather unusual winners, and speakers at this year's Annual problem: worms have churned up the soil Meeting at Walt Disney World Resort in so much that some plants nearly fall over Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Here are a few from lack of root contact. Druse appealed of the highlights. to AHS members for ideas. "I'm open to trying any nontoxic solution." MADE IN THE SHADE Druse won this year's AHS Award for Ken Druse once dreamed of a fairly elabo­ Horticultural Writing. The Natural Gar­ rate garden-something with a Greek tem­ den is available from the AHS Horticul­ ple, perhaps. But reality is a 21- by 50-foot tural Book Service for $30 and The yard behind a Brooklyn brownstone. Natural Shade Garden for $35. Use the Not only is space in short supply, but so form on page 22 to order. is sun. The yard faces east and begins to get shadow shortly after noon, and a Norway ORNAMENTAL BOUNTY maple blocks the southern exposure. Thus the author of The Natural Garden began Once you're hooked on flowers, it isn't research for The Natural Shade Garden Suzanne Bales escorts Ken Druse at enough just to have them outdoors. Gar­ out of necessity. the Annual Awards ceremony. den writer Suzanne Bales is constantly find­ Now his garden includes a fish pond with ing other ways to bring flowers indoors: a stream and waterfall. A path leads from a A photo of his garden in fall prompted Use this season's weary poinsettia--or paved patio through woodland flowers an audience member to ask about the gold­ another "flat" flower-like a doily be­ over a bridge to a raised area where Adi­ leafed shrub glowing amid the green-a tween a clear plate and a china one. rondack chairs invite resting and reflecting. cut-leaf staghorn sumac, Rhus typhina Use vines to create a garland around a Next to the pond is a small rock garden. 'Lacinata'. Sumacs provide stunning fall table skirt. Some of Bales' favorites are Owners of shady gardens can bring light color but are often overlooked as garden honeysuckle, sweet autumn clematis, and into these spaces in a number of ways, such plants, Druse said. sweet peas. Attach them with straight pins. as painting walls or fences white to reflect Vines ate a space-conserving addition to a Look to the garden for vases. Sweet pep­ a bit more sun. Druse achieved even more small shade garden, and Druse employs pers, cabbages, and zucchini will hold water. with mirrors he found in the street. many, including 'Gold Flame' honeysuckle Make an arrangement out of vegetables. White flowers light up a garden, and one and several clematis. Most hybrid clematis Finding herself with one of those baseball of the most stunning for a woodland is need to climb into sun. 'Nelly Moser' will bat-sized zucchinis, Bales made a peacock Trillium grandiflora 'Flore Pleno'. Unlike tolerate more shade, he said, and while its using yellow peppers for the head and neck. the single forms of our native trilliums, it flowets are fleeting it makes ornamental seed Candying flowers is a good activity with doesn't grow in the wild, so we can buy it heads that are striking in a dimly lit space. children. Paint beaten egg white onto vio­ without worrying whether it has been col­ If you're going to build a path through lets, pansies, roses, or scented geraniums lected from its native habitat. your shade garden, use natural materials, and sprinkle them with superfine sugar. Pale or variegated foliage is an­ ,...------, said Druse. "Anyone who After drying, these can be kept up to three other possi bility. "A lot of gar­ wants white rock is attending the years in an airtight jar and used to decorate deners don't like variegated wrong lecture." But pea gravel desserts or eaten as snacks. plants and say they look unnatu­ looks like the little rounded peb­ Freeze violets in ice cubes as a surprise ral," he said. Then they usually bles you might see at the bottom with cold drinks. find one that changes their mind of a stream and has the added Sprinkle rose petals on the dinner table about the whole group. For advantage of reflecting light. to add an air of lavish abandon. Druse, it was the variegated porcelain Druse also likes pine straw, but he warned berry, Ampelopsis brevipedunculata that it creates slippery footing on slopes These ideas, and many others, can be 'Elegans'. The nonvariegated version can and should not be collected from the wild. found in Suzanne Bales' book, Gifts From become weedy and Japanese beetles love it, Asked what he uses for mulch, Druse the Garden, available from the AHS Hor­ he noted. "If you get one of the species, give replied that he really doesn't need it. "I ticultural Boak Service for $18 . Use the it to your neighbor," he joked. don't clean up in fall. I lea ve the litter where form on page 22 to order.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 23 COMPOST CONSUMERISM Viette, one of the nation's premiere pe­ rennial growers, noted that it was annuals When you dine at home, you have a pretty that made Americans love color in their good idea about what's in the casserole. yards, and some gardeners still aren't When you dine out, it's an act of faith in planting perennials because they have a the local health department. limited bloom time. "Verbena canadensis Similarly, when you put your homemade 'David' blooms for five months!" Viette compost on your garden, you can be sure said. Others seem to think that perennials it contains no chemicals that will leach into are a lot of work. Nothing could be easier your tomatoes. If you elect to buy compost, than daylilies, which in addition to their however, there is little regulation over what many colors, offer variation in size and it contains, or what the manufacturer has bloom time. "People should think of peren­ to tell you about it. nials as trees and shrubs," he said: long­ Roy Mecklenberg, manager of Walt Dis­ term investments that pay big dividends ne y World Nursery and Tree Farm, urged with little work. His own five-acre Virginia his Annual Meeting audience to hold pro­ garden is maintained with 12 hours of ducers of compost to more exacting stan­ work a week. "Gardeners should have time dards. "Demand to know how much for golf, bridge, hiking, and ballet lessons nitrogen it contains," he suggested. "It can for the children," he said. By March, most vary from seven percent to less than one Disney landscape designer Morgan of his intensive garden work is done. percent. Ask what their pasteurization "Bill" Evans, left, receives the AHS He maintains that gardening is for the tern pera tu re is." Annual Landscape Design Award most part just common sense, but he feels Compost that reaches 180 degrees elim­ from President Marc Cathey during that it has been made more difficult with a inates disease organisms and weed seeds. ceremonies in the Brown Derby lot of bad advice and wrong information. Research suggests that such "well-cooked" restaurant at Disney-MGM Studios. For example, gardeners with drainage compost is a perfect medium for the potted Applauding at the right is Katy Moss problems are still told to add sand to their plant industry, because it eliminates the Warner, general manager of soil. "Here's what we learned at Cornell need to drench the soil with fungicides. horticulture at Walt Disney World University," said Viette. "Sand plus clay Mecklenberg noted that there are now and an AHS Board Member. equals cement." many sources of commercial composts, Not all good horticultural advice comes and each has strengths and weaknesses. member asked if Mecklenberg thought vi­ from formal education, of course. Viette Sewage sludge is low in potassium, but ruses from diseased plants could survive recalls that when he was fresh out of Cor­ contains minor elements needed by plants. the composting process. "I wouldn't worry nell graduate school, he was convinced of The presence of heavy metals was a serious about it. If you mentioned that to virolo­ the necessity for the standard commercial drawback in the past, but there are now gists they would just laugh, because they 5-10-5 fertilizer. He had less than pleasant Environmental Protection Agency stan­ can't grow viruses in the lab." memories of the many times his father, the dards regulating the metal content of com­ There are some problems associated founder of the nursery, made him shovel posted sludge. Nevertheless, Mecklenberg with using unfinished compost, he noted. manure at the local dairy. He now recog­ said he would not use any sludge product Compost should be fine enough to pass nizes that the elder Viette was on the right on edible plants. through a three-eighths inch screen, be­ track, he says. He now prefers to use natural Municipal compost, he said, "includes cause undecomposed wood can tie up oxy­ liquid fertilizers, such as fish emulsion and everything. They do take out the bikes, gen. When compost is ready it will smell seaweed, and organic granular fertilizers, stoves, and refrigerators, but you'll still like good earth when it's turned over, from because they contain micronutrients as well find bits of plastic, glass, and metal." In the billions of soil microbes called actino­ as nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous. addition, he said, it has a very low pH. mycetes. For those still needing arguments Even gardeners who religiously amend Manufacturers of compost from food in' favor of composting-to persuade them­ their soil only with manure, compost, and waste can virtually put together their own selves or neighbors-Mecklenberg said other natural products sometimes worry recipes, he said, and compost made from that home composting can reduce one that certain leaves, especially oak leaves, the by-products of various industries will family'S trash by 450 pounds each year. will make their soil more acidic. But Viette vary even more in its properties. "And of course, they should be buying less has found that leafmold is basic. "We even When your home compost gets too wet peat moss and fertilizer, and there won't be mixed peat with our leafmold, and still got and heavy to turn it can become anaerobic, so many trucks taking their trash to the a pH of 7.8," he related. slowing decomposition and causing un­ landfill." And he strongly disagrees with advice to pleasant odors. The vast quantities of ma­ water plants a small amount each day with terial decomposing in commercial COMMON-SENSE ADVICE underground irrigation systems. "This ad­ production sites make all the steps-partic­ vice looks like it's written for engineers and ularly proper aeration--even more crucial. American gardeners, Andre Viette has a mes­ plumbers," he said. If the fable of the ant To speed the process, moisture needs to be sage for you. "The front yard! You're throw­ and the grasshopper were recast for gar­ around 50 percent, and the carbon-nitro­ ing it away!" he exclaimed during his Annual deners, it would be the grasshopper who gen ratio of the materials being composted Meeting lecture. "It's all gum drops and lol­ was watering each plant a little on a hot should be about 30-to-one. "In the back lipops." Viette showed a slide of that subur­ day, while the cautious ant, mindful that yard, who really cares how long it takes?" ban cliche: evergreen foundation shrubs the soil should have plenty of moisture in asked Mecklenberg, who confessed that he butchered into little buns. "Send me a slide reserve, watered deeply, slowly, gently, and never turns his own compost. An audience of a good front yard," he urged listeners. less often .

24 JANUARY 1994 DESIGNER CHAIRS AHS BOARD She has served as trustee of a number of organizations, including Smith College, As of the Annual Meeting, Sarah S. (Sa ll y) Knox College, the Washington Opera, and Boasberg, a garden designer living in the National Cathedral School. Several of You're probably Washington, D.C., is the Chairman of the her garden designs have appeared in Home Board of Directors of the American Horti­ magazine. drowning your cultural Society. In the past, the AHS Board of Directors Boasberg received her bachelor's degree has been chaired by its President. Under indoor plants from Smith College, where she was a Phi bylaw changes approved at the October Beta Kappa, and a certificate in landscape Annual Meeting, the President is now the at this very design from George Washington Univer­ chief executive officer of the staff. sity, where she now teaches courses in the moment! history of landscape and garden design. She has been a member of the AHS Board and its executive committee since 1990. Did you know that putting She is also a member of the American pebbles in the bottom of your Society of Landscape Architects' Open potted plants often impedes Committee on Landscape Preservation, the drainage, instead of improving Committee on Historic Landscapes of the it? You can learn a lot about U.S.IInternational Commission on Monu­ improving the health of YOut ments and Sites, the board of advisors of plants, your planting methods, or the Catalog of Landscape Records in the your garden's design at The New United States, and the advisory committee York Botanical Garden. A small of the William Paca Garden in Annapolis, sample of the courses starting Maryland. soon are: She has lectured throughout the United States, including the AHS "Great Garden­ ers of America" lecture series at Ameri­ Flora '92 last year in Columbus, Ohio, and the lecture series currently appearing in major cities under the auspices of the New York Botanical Garden. Sarah S. Boasberg.

begins February 5

mAHS CALENDAR OFFERI Shade Gardening at its best 1994 EARTH FRIENDLY GARDENING CALENDAR begins February 2 WRITIEN BY ELLEN HENKE, PHOTOGRAPHED BY GEORGE M. HENKE Getting Started with The American Horticultural Society is pleased to offer Perennials "Earth Friendly Gardening" as its 1994 calendar selection. This beautiful wall calendar provides advice on choosing begins February 17 native plants and time-honored hardy planls, "ecoscO[T ing," composting, pesticide·free gardening, and more­ Soil Science for Gardeners all the information a gardener needs to create an earth-friendly garden . Ellen Henke, who holds adoctorate begins March 9 in botany from Columbia University, is well known to television and radio audiences as "America's Plant Doctor." No matter how much --or how little-you already know, NYBG 3 The calendar is 14" x 10 ;8" and includes 12 full color photographs. One calendar is just $11 postage paid for has a course for you! Call us for AHS members. Each additional mlendar is only $9.50 postage paid . Virginia residents please add 41;2% sales a complete course catalog at tax. To order fill in the coupon and mail to AHS Calendars, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308-1300. 718-817-8747, ask for dept. 97. Visa and MasterCard orders call toll·free, (800) 777·7931.

Iwould like to order calendars. o Check enclosed Amount due: ______~ Nome: NY Botanical Address: City / Stote / Zip: Garden

AMERI CAN HORTICULTUR IST 25 AHS BULLETIN BOARD

BOARD NOMINEES SOUGHT tion into the AAN's Nurserymen's Hall of Fame in 1975. American Horticultural Society members "Dick White functioned both as a scien­ are invited to nominate other members to tist and a public policy activist to ensure positions on the AHS Board of Directors. that the future needs of the green indus­ Nominations must be accompanied by a tries-particularly the nursery industry­ short resume of the candidate and a peti­ were being given the proper priority," said tion signed by at least 25 AHS members. AHS President H. Marc Cathey. "He con­ The deadline for nominations is August l. tinued his activities on the national as well Materials should be sent to Beverley White as community level we ll into his mid-90s. Dunn, Nominating Committee Chairman, In his case, it seems true that good deeds American Horticultural Society, 7931 East mean long life." Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308- 1300. A LOOK INSIDE TREES RICHARD WHITE DIES AT 96 Is your son building a tree house? Did you hang a basket of fuchsias from a nail in an Richard P. White, who served as President old oak tree? Is your yard a mecca for of the American Horticultural Society in wood peckers? 1960, died October 9 in a Williamsburg, Each one of these delightful activities Virginia, nursing home after a short illness. sets off a whirlwind of chemical activities Arborists from the Davey Tree He was 96. inside the tree that could cause it to weaken Company demonstrated the White obtained his doctorate in plant and eventually die. How well it recovers techniques of professional tree pathology from Cornell University. From from this tampering depends on whether pruning during "Salute to Trees" day 1921 to 1927 he was a member of the or not the tree is a good "compart­ at AHS's River Farm headquarters department of plant pathology at Kansas mentalizer," says Frank Santamour. October 23. Davey employees State Agricultural College. He then spent A research geneticist from the U.S. Na­ trimmed a 200-year-old Osage orange 11 years in the plant pathology department tional Arboretum who has deliberately tree, which is 45 feet high and spans at Rutgers University's New Jersey Agricul­ wounded hundreds of trees in his career, 35 feet. Frank Santamour, U.S. tural Experiment Station. Santamour showed cross sections of good National Arboretum research White held many positions in associa­ and bad compartmentali zers in a lecture at geneticist who lectured at the event, tion management, beginning as secretary River Farm's "Salute to Trees" in October. told his audience that such judicious of the National Shade Tree Conference in But he noted that it's almost impossible to pruning to remove damaged limbs 1933. He was named executive secretary guess which category a given tree falls into and lessen wind resistance should of the American Association of Nursery­ until it's too late. "It has nothing to do with mean that their children and grand­ men (AAN) in 1938 and was executive vice genus or species," he said. Yo ung trees re­ children will be able to see the tree. president of AAN from 1955 to 1961. cover as well--or as badly-as old trees. We From 1961 to 1966 he was director of the all know to avoid digging too close to a tree Most gardeners have heard that a properly Horticultural Research Institute. so we won't damage its roots, but some pruned tree will callous over its wound. "You He was president of the Amer­ ,------, trees can even successfully seal off probably want it to callous for aesthetic rea­ ican Horticultural Council in damage after having large roots sons, but don't worry if it doesn't. What's 1959, as a member of the visiting severed. Yet the practice of inject­ important is what's happening inside." committee of Harvard Uni­ ing growth retardants, intended There is one category of trees among versity's Arnold Arboretum, and to prevent the necessity of those those Santamour has looked at-he has on the advisory council of the unpleasant encounters between not studied conifers-that compartmental­ U.S. National Arboretum. trees and utility company prun­ izes well across the board. These are the His many honors included the Massa­ ers, can shorten the life of a tree. named cultivars--clones that are vegeta­ chusetts Horticultural Society's George Tree owners can help trees by never flush tively propagated by grafting onto another Robert White Medal of Honor, the Amer­ cutting branches, an act Santamour called tree's rootstock. "What is budding and ican Porno logical Society's Marshall P. Wil­ "a mortal sin." Leaving a stub helps ensure grafting but severe wounding?" he noted. der Medal, the National Plant Board's that the damage will be compartmentalized "A tree that survives grafting has to be Distinguished Service Award, and induc- outside the trunk. strong."

26 JANUARY 1994 Get down to basics.

Linda Askey edits the Steve Frowine travels the garden pages of Southern world looking for new Accents and Southern plants as vice president Living magazines and . of horticulture at White gives us four Flower Farm and tells us presentations on different about the best new styles of garden making. garden varieties.

Brent Heath owns Julie Messervy wrote 'The Gloucester Virginia's Contemplative Garden" Daffodil Mart and relies and helps us understand on his expertise as a how gardens serve the third-generation daffodil human need for quiet, breeder to introduce us solitude and to dozens of daffodils. introspection. Colonial Williamsburg and the American Horticultural Society present "Making Gardens"

Join more than 200 horticultural Garden Symposium includes six days of professionals and home gardening access to Colonial Williamsburg's exhibition enthusiasts for the 48th buildings, craft shops, museums, and gardens; two receptions and a closing dinner; and a full schedule of tours, talks, Willialllsburg demonstrations, clinics, conversations Garden Sytllposium and optional master classes. April 10·13. 1994 Please send information on the Garden Symposium. Name ______For full registration information, please mail the coupon to Garden Symposium, Address ______P.O. Box 1776, Williamsburg, VA 23187-1776, or call (804) 220-7255. City State Zip ------

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 27 1994 FLOWER SHOWS

• Jan. 28-30. St. Louis Flower Show. Cervantes at America's Cen­ ter, St. Louis, Missouri. Information: REGIONAL HAPPENINGS (314) 997-3407. • Feb. 4-6. Palm Beach Flower and Garden Show. West Palm Beach, Florida. Information: (407) 835-381l. • Feb. 9-13. Northwest Flower and Garden Show. Washington State Mid-Atlantic Pennsylvania. Information: Pam Carter Convention Center, Seattle, Washing­ • Feb. 10-12. Leaving No Stone Vn­ (215) 388-6741, ext. 450 or 506. ' ton. Information: (206) 455-277l. turned VIII. Conference. Holiday Inn • Feb. 17. Groundcovers Tall and • Feb. 9-13. Southeastern Flower Crown Plaza, Rockville, Maryland. Infor­ Small. Tower Hill Botanic Garden Show. Ponce Square, Atlanta, Geor­ mation: Sandra Lerner, (301) 495-4747. Boylston, Massachusetts. Information; gia. Information: (404) 876-5859. • Feb. 12-13. Association of Profes­ Debi Hogan, (508) 869-6111. • Feb. 18-21. Maymont Flower sional Landscape Designers Winter Meet­ • Feb. 28. A Personal View of Longview and Garden Show. Richmond Con­ ing. Held in conjunction with "Leaving No Farm. Longwood Gardens, Kennett vention Center, Richmond, Virginia. Stone Vnturned VIII." Information: (301) Square, Pennsylvania. Information: Pam Information: (804) 358-7166. 498-8780. Carter, (215) 388-6741, ext. 450 or 506. • Feb. 19-27. Cleveland Flower • Mar. 12-13. A Russian Spring. Flower Festival. Cleveland Convention Cen­ and garden show benefiting the Hospital South Central ter, Cleveland, Ohio. Information: for Sick Children. Washington, D.C. Infor­ • Jan. 12-18. Aquaculture Expo VII and (216) 891-3182. mation: Mary Singer, (202) 363-6785. Aquaculture '94. New Orleans, Louisiana. • Feb. 24-27. Rhode Island Information: Carroll Trosclair, (800) 527- Spring Flower and Garden Show. North Central 7631, Fax (504) 488-4135. Rhode Island Convention Center, • Jan. 8-11. GrowerExpo '94. Hyatt • Feb. 20-22. International Society of Providence, Rhode Island. Informa­ Regency O'Hare, Rosemont, Illinois. In­ Arboriculture Southern Conference. New tion: (401) 272-4441. formation: (708) 208-9080. Orleans, Louisiana. Information: Dwayne • Feb. 26-Mar. 6. Southern • Jan. 21-Mar. 6. Pre-Spring Floral Carter, (919) 789-4747. Spring Show. Charlotte Merchan­ Show. Krohn Conservatory, Cincinnati, dise Mart, Charlotte, North Caro­ Ohio. Information: Jan Seidel, (513) 357- Southeast lina. Information: (704) 376-6594. 2605 or (513) 352-4080. • Jan. 21-22. National Tropical Foliage • Mar. 2-6. Garden Club of To­ Short Course. The Greater Fort Lauder- ronto Flower Show. Civic Garden Northeast dalelBroward County Convention Center, Center, Toronto, Ontario. Informa­ • Jan. 4, 11. Designing With Orchids Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Information: tion: (416) 239-6774. and Other Tropicals. Horticultural Society (407) 345-8137, Fax (407) 351-2610. • Mar. 5 -13 . New England Spring of New York, New York City. Information: • Jan. 21-23. Ninth Annual Southern Flower Show. Bayside Exposition Dana Robbin, (212) 757-0915. Gardening Symposium. Callaway Gar- Center, Boston, Massachusetts. In­ • Jan. 11-13. Eastern Regional dens, Pine Mountain, Georgia. Informa­ formation: (617) 536-9280. Nurserymen's Association Annual Show. tion: Martha Miller, (706) 663-5153. • Mar. 6-13. Philadelphia Flower Concord Resort, Kiamesha Lake, New • Jan. 26. Poinsettia Seminar. Orlando, Show. Philadelphia Civic Center, York. Information: Larry Carville, (800) Florida. Sponsored by the Florida Nursery- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Infor­ 376-2463 or (203) 872-2095. men and Growers Association. Informa- mation: (215) 625-8250. • January 12, 19. Growing Orchids in tion: Joanne Chive, (407) 345-8137. • Mar. 9-13. Washington Flower Your Home. Two-day course. Massachu- • Feb. 5. Perennial Symposium. Atlanta and Garden Show. Washington Con­ setts Horticultural Society, Boston, Massa- Botanical Garden, Atlanta, Georgia. Infor- vention Center, Washington, D.C. chusetts. Registration: (617) 536-9673. mation: (404) 876-5859. Information: (703) 569-7141. • Jan. 15-16. Designed Gardens as • Feb. 5-9. American Society for Horti- • Mar. 10-13. Annual Lawn, Plant Communities: Blending ,------, cultural Science Southern Region Flower, and Garden Show. Century Horticulture Design and Ecology. Annual Meeting. Nashvi lle, Ten- II, Wichita, Kansas. Information: Symposium. Connecticut Col- nessee. Information: Paul L. (316) 721-8740. lege, New London, Connecti- Smea l, (703) 231-5609. • Mar. 10-13. Greater Rochester cut. Information: (215) • Feb. 10-13. The Antiques Flower and Garden Show. Dome 247-5777, ext. 156. and Garden Show of Nashville. Arena, Rochester, New York. Infor­ • Jan 22. Berries, Blooms, and Cheek wood: Tennessee Botanical mation: (716) 225-809l. Buds. Guided tour. Scott Arboretum, Gardens and Museum of Art, Nashville, • Apr. 28-May 1. Cincinnati Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Penn- Tennessee. Information: (615) 352-1282, Flower Show. Cincinnati, Ohio. In­ sylvania. Information: Laurie Mack, (215) Fax (615) 353-2168. formation: (513) 271-7055. 328-8025. • Feb. 18-20. North Carolina Herb As- • Jan. 22-Apr. 30. Welcome Spring. Dis- sociation Annual Conference. "Celebrate play. Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square, Herbs by the Sea." Wilmington, North Car-

28 JANUARY 1994 olina. Information: NCHA c/o J. M. Davis, and Landscaping Conference. University • Feb. 24. Traveling Through the Plant 2016 Fanning Bridge Road, Fl etcher, of Arizona, Sierra Vista, Arizona. Informa­ Kingdom: Horsetails and Club Mosses. North Carolina 28732. tion: (602) 458-1104, ext. 141. Lecture. Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, • Feb. 24-27. Cloister Garden Series. Santa Barbara, California. Information: Workshops, demonstrations, lectures. The West Coast (805) 682-4726. Cloister, Sea Island, Georgia. Information: • Jan. 15-16. Bonsai Show. "Winter • Feb. 25-27. The 42nd Annual Pacific Irene Butler, (800) 732-4752. Silhouettes." Sponsored by the Baiko-En Orchid Exposition. "Orchids Worldwide." • Feb. 25-27. African Violet Society of Bonsai Kenkyukai Soci ety. Los Angeles Sponsored by the San Francisco Orchid America Annual Show. "It's Raining Vio­ State and County Arboretum, Arcadia, Society. Fort Mason Center, Festival Pavil­ lets." Tampa, Florida. Information: Walter California. Information: (818) 821-3222. ion, San Francisco, California. Informa­ Spangler, (813) 345-8295. • Jan. 22-23. Camellia Show and Sale. tion: (415) 664-2468. • Feb. 26. Garden Workshops. Duke South Coast Botanic Garden, Palos Verdes • Feb. 26-27. Plant Conservation and Homestead State Historic Sites, Durham, Peninsula, California. Information: (3 10) Landscape Design-An Ecological Ap­ North Carolina. Information: (919) 477- 544-6815. proach. Symposium cosponsored by the 5498. • Feb. 12-13. Pacific Camellia Society National Wildflower Research Center and Flower Show. Descanso Gardens, La Can­ Westmont College. Westmont College, Southwest ada Flintridge, California. Informati on: Santa Barbara, California. Information: • Feb. 17-18. High Desert Gardening (81 8) 952-4401. (8 05 ) 563-2521.

NATIONAL BONSAI MUSEUM EXPANDED was ass istant curator of the New York Botanical Garden's Cary Arboretum, from 1972 to 1984. he u.s. National Arboretum has expanded its National The last director of the National Arboretum was H. Marc Bonsai and Penjing Musuem with two new facilities­ Cathey, who left two years ago to become the national chair Tthe Kaneshiro Tropical Conservatory and Glasshouse, of florist and nursery crops review for the U.S. Department of and the Yamaguchi North American Garden. The conserva­ Agriculture. He recently became President and chief executive tory and garden were gifts from the National Bonsai Founda­ officer of the American Horticultural Society. tion, a nonprofit organization that raised $300,000 for the new construction. BUDGET BLUES IN SANTA CRUZ The tropical conservatory features an attached temperate greenhouse and is named for Haruo Kaneshiro, recognized as the hen its operating budget was threatened with extinc­ founder of tropical bonsai in Hawaii. In further homage to tion recently, the University of California-Santa Kaneshiro, who died in 1992, the Hawaiian bonsai community W Cruz (UCSC) Arboretum went public with an appeal donated three exceptional specimens: a Christmas berry, a 30-inch for support. The state of California, as a result of its well-pub­ ironwood tree, and a hybrid Chinese-Taiwanese banyan tree. The licized fiscal woes, drastically constricted the flow of funds to its glasshouse will allow delicate tropical trees, which once spent the university system. At UCSC, which lacks either a botany or winter hibernating in storage greenhouses, to remain on display. horticulture department, the arboretum was deemed expendable, The Yamaguchi North American Garden commemorates the and university officials informed the staff that its $90,000 annual accomplishments of California nurseryman and bonsai artist budget would be reduced by one-fifth per year for five years, after George Yamaguchi. The garden puts the finishing touch on the which the arboretum was expected to become self-sustaining. museum's North American Pavilion and provides a transitional "It was decided that the arboretum was not in the main­ area between the American and Japanese pavilions. stream of the academic curriculum," says Phyllis Norris, past The new conservatory and garden complete the American president of the Arboretum Associates, a volunteer group. But, and Japanese sections of the National Bonsai and Penjing she maintains, the arboretum is "a valuable interdisciplinary Museum. The museum was created in 1976 after the Japanese resource for the university." Among its regular visitors are art government presented the United States with a bicentennial gift students, who come to practice botanical illustration, and of 53 bonsai trees. In 1982 the National Bonsai Foundation young poets in search of inspiration. The arboretum is best was established to help complete the museum through private known for its large collection of plants from the southern fund-raising. Future expansions will include a Chinese Penjing hemisphere-such as its South African proteas-and from the Pavilion-penjing is the Chinese art of miniature tray garden­ Mediterranean littoral. ing-and an International Pavilion, which will serve as an Norris believes the gradual reduction is a two-edged sword. educational and cultural center for the museum. Although the cuts could eventually spell its doom, the UCSC Arboretum will undoubtedly be a healthier institution if it meets NEW DIRECTOR FOR NATIONAL ARBORETUM the challenge of self-sufficiency. "We're marshalling our forces for a first-rate funding campaign," Norris says. The arboretum he directorship of the U.S. National Arboretum, vacant staff hopes not only to maintain current operating expenses, but for two years, has been filled by Thomas S. Elias, for­ also to finance expansion. One of their primary goals is to T merly the head ofthe Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden establish an endowed chair of horticulture. in Claremont, California. Elias had held that position since 1984, and served concurrently as chairman of the botany Donations may be sent to Arboretum Associates, University of department of the Claremont Graduate School. Before that, he California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, or call (408) 427-1 305.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 29 CLASSIFIEDS

Classified Ad Rates: $1 per word; mIni­ ment must be received on the 20th day of THE AVANT GARDENER mum $20 per insertion. 10 percent discount the month three months prior to publica­ FOR THE GARDENER WHO WANTS MORE for three consecutive ads using the same tion date. Contact: AHS Advertising, 2300 FROM GARDENING! Subscribe to THE copy, provided each insertion meets the $20 South Ninth Street, Suite 501, Arlington, AVANT GARDENER, the liveliest, most useful minimum after discount. Copy and prepay- VA 22204-2320, (703) 892-0733. of all gardening publications. Every month this unique news service brings you the newest, most practical information on new plants, products, techniques, with sources, feature articles, special issues, 26th year. Awarded Garden Club of America and Massachusetts Horticultural Soci­ ety medals. Curious? Sample copy $1. Serious? $12 full year (reg. $18). THE AVANT GAR­ DENER, Box 489M, New York, NY 10028. AZALEAS AZALEAS IN GLOWING EARTH TONES AND PALE PINKS. New heat-tolerant decidu­ ous azalea hybrids head an all-star lineup of tree and shrub introductions. Our showstopper se­ lection of hundreds of woody plants in generous sizes at reasonable prices ranges from over­ whelming floral display to quiet foliage interest. Lovely catalog, $3 . FAIRWEATHER GAR­ DENS, Box 330-A, Greenwich, NJ 08323. BOOKS THE HEALTHY INDOOR PLANT-A com­ plete guide to indoor gardening. Full of tips and references. Illustrated encyclopedia. 300+ pages. Money back guarantee. AHS member discount, Lilypons Water Gardens® $26.80 postpaid (regularly $29). ROSEWELL PUBLISHING, Dept. AHS, P.O. Box 2920, Co­ FREE CATALOG lumbus, OH 43216. HORTICA-ALL-Color Cyclopedia of Gar­ Begin your water garden today with a Lilypons catalog den/Flora, with Hardiness Zones, also IN­ DOOR PLANTS, 8,100 photos, by Dr. A. B. featuring page after page of beautiful water lilies, lotus, bog Graf, $238. TROPICA 4 (1992), 7,000 Color plants, fish, statuary, and the essentials for keeping it all photos of plants and trees for warm environ­ working together. ments $165 . EXOTIC HOUSE PLANTS, 1,200 photos, 150 in color, with keys to care, $8.95. No pool? Choose a fiberglass, EPDM rubber or PVC pool Circu lars gladly sent. Shipping additional. ROEHRS CO., Box 125, East Rutherford, NJ from the many sizes shown in the Lilypons catalog. 07073. (201) 939-0090. For your copy of the new Lilypons 100 page informative color catalog and seasonal newsletters, send in the coupon below. BULBS DUTCH BULBS for fall planting, 12cm Tulips, Or call toll free. DN1 Daffodils, Hyacinths and Miscellaneous. Catalog Free. Paula Parker DBA, Mary Matti­ 1-800 723-7667 son Van Schaik, IMPORTED DUTCH BULBS, Operator 1502 P.O. Box 32AH, Cavendish, VT 05142. (802) 226-7653.

,------Mail this coup~o clos:-a::es~ I CARNIVOROUS PLANTS CARNIVOROUS (Insectivorous) PLANTS, 1 II Name lJ1ypons Water Gardens, Dept. 1502 seeds, supplies, and books. Color brochure free. P.O. Box 10 1 PETER PAULS NURSERIES, Canandaigua, NY I Address Buckeystown, Maryland 21717-0010 I 14424. Apt. P.O. Box 188 ICity Brookshire, Texas 77423-0188 I DAHLIAS P.O. Box 1130 EXHIBITION, GARDEN, WORLDWIDE SE­ I State Zip Thermal, CalIfornia 92274-1130 I LECTION. 32-page color catalog, over 100 L ______~ photographs, $2. CONNELL'S, Dept. AH, 10216 40th Ave . E., Tacoma, WA 98446.

30 JANUARY 1994 DIRECTORY HOUSE PLANTS DWARF & RARE CONIFERS, ALPINE & DIRECTORY OF MAIL-ORDER NURS­ ORCHIDS, GESNER lADS, BEGONIAS, ROCK GARDEN PERENNIALS, PLANTS for ERIES-Guide to hundreds of sources for peren­ CACTI & SUCCULENTS. Visitors welcome. Bonsai. join us in the search for the rare and nials, roses, herbs, and more, $3. A. WEISS, 106 1992-1993 catalog, $2. LAURAY OF SALIS­ unusua l. Catalog $4, refundable with first order. Norwalk Ct., Vacavi lle, CA 95687. BURY, 432 Undermountain Rd ., Salisbury, CT PORTER HOWSE FARMS, 41370-P S.E. Thomas Rd., Sandy, OR 97055. EMPLOYMENT 06068. (203) 435-2263. OVER 2,000 KINDS of choice and afford able "SIMPLE.," THE ROVING GA RD ENING NURSERY STOCK plants. Outstanding orn amentals, American na­ ARTIST specializing in horticultural art, ga rden CHOOSE FROM 1,500 VARIETIES of exciting tives, perennials, rare conifers, pre-bonsai, wild­ ill usion, facade, topiary, trompe l'oeil, espalier, and hardy plants. Many excl usives. Rhododen­ life plants, much more. Descriptive catalog $3. trellis work, persona li zed teaching and training. drons, azaleas, conifers, shrubs, trees, perennials FORESTFARM, 990 Tetherow Rd., Williams, Box 69AH, Honey Brook, PA 19344. and much more. Mail-order ca talog, $3. ROS­ OR 97544-9599. We at the American Horticultural Society are LYN NURSERY, Dept. AH, Box 69, Roslyn, NY RARE PLANTS often asked to refer individuals to significant 11576. (5 16) 643-9347. horticultural positi ons around the country. We WE SPECIALIZE IN THE GENUS FICUS. WHOLESALE TREE-SHRUB SEEDLINGS. Rare, un usual xerophytics, bonsai, tropicals. are not in a position to offer full placement Beautify Property. Make Money Growing services to candidates or employers. Howeve r, Send $1 and SASE to BOB'S, Rt. 2, Box 42, Christmas Trees, Ornamentals, Nut Trees, Tim­ Wingate, TX 79566. as a service to our members- jobseekers and ber, Windbreaks, Noise Barriers, Wildlife employers alike--we welcome the resumes and Food/Cover. Easy Instructions, Guaranteed. RARELY OFFERED SOUTHEASTERN NA­ cover letters of individuals seeking job changes Free Color Catalog. CARINO NURSERIES, TIVES, woody, herbaceous, nursery grown. and employers seeking ca ndidates. All responsi­ Box 538j, Indiana, PA 15701. Many hardy northward. Also newly introduced biliry for checking references and determining exotics se lected for Sou thern gardens. Send $2 the appropriateness of both position and ca ndi­ PALMS for extensive mail -order list. WOOD LANDERS date rests with the individuals. AHS's participa­ RARE AND EXOTIC HAWAIIAN-GROWN AH, 1128 Coll eton Ave., Aiken, SC 2980l. tion in this activity is only to se rve as a PALM AND CYCAD SEEDLI NGS from ROSES connecting point for members of the Society. around the world-Carefully shipped to any­ HORTICO'S LARGE CROP of heavy roses Inquiries and informational materials should be where in the USA . Please send for price li st­ ava il able from mid-November on. Over 700 senttoHORTICULTURALEMPLOYMENT­ KAPOHO PALMS, P.O. Box 3, Dept. A, Pahoa, varieties, including: new show roses and ground AHS, Dept. 194, 7931 East Boulevard Dr., Al­ HI 96778. (808) 936-2580. covers; English garden roses by David Austin; exandria, VA 22308-1300. PERENNIALS Pioneer roses; antique and classic roses by Peter GROUND COVERS OUR LARGE, FULL-COLOR CATALOG tells Beales; miniatures by Rennie; 6 thornless HT QUALITY GROUND COVERS AND PEREN­ you how to grow plants, not just how to buy them. varieties; hardy types-Ottawa Explorers, Man­ NIALS. Aegopodium, European Ginger, Ivies, Complete descriptions and helpful advice on over itoba Parkland roses, and the fabulous Pave­ Lamiums, Hardy Cactus, Plumbago, Sweet 1,000 varieties of perennial fl owers, ornamental ment roses. A superb collection from our fields Woodruff, Sedums, Vincas. Over 100 va rieties. grasses, prairie wildflowers and decorati ve vines. that are known to be virus-free. Orders shipped GILSON GARDENS, INC., Dept H, P.O. Box Catalog subscription $1. MILAEGER'S GAR­ by our temperature-controlled truck to UPS de­ 277, Perry, OH 44081. Fax (216) 259-2378. DENS, 4838 Douglas Ave. Dept. AH, Racine, WI pots in the USA for local distribution. Catalog 53402-2498. (800) 669-9956. $3. Separate catalogs for roses, shrubs (& lin­ ers), and perennials. HORTICO INC., 723 Rob­ Statement o f O wnership. Managemcni a nd Circu lation (Required by PLANTS (UNUSUAL) son Rd., Waterdown, ON LOR 2H1. (905) 39 U.s.c. 3685) TREES, SHRUBS, PERENNIALS. Extensive 689-6984. Fax (905) 689-6566. IA . Tide o f Publication: America" H orli w/Ufris t. I B. Pu blication No.: 009644 17. 2. Date o f Filing: October 14, 1993. 3. Frequency of Issue: collection of spec ies, varieties and cultivars. SEEDS Monthly. J A. No. of Issues Publ is hed Annuall y: 12. 38. Annual Sub­ Contain er-grown on farm. Catalog $2. OWEN TROPICAL SE.EDS AND BULBS- Thousands scription Price: $35. 4. Complete Ma iling Address of Kn own Office of FARMS, Route 3, Box 158-A-AH, Riple y, TN Publication: American HortiCllftlirist. American Horticultural Society, of types including chocolate, cashew, cinnamon, 38063-9420. 793 1 East Boulevard Dri\le, Abca ndria. VA 22 308- 1300. 5. Complete tea, coffee, banana, heliconia, gingers, annonas, Mailmg Address o f the Headquarters of Ge neral Bu siness O ffi ces of the Publisher: Same 3S above. 6. Fu ll Names and Complete MailingAddress UNIQUE AND UNUSUAL perennials and na­ chicle, plus palms and much more for your of Publi s he~ Editor. and Managing Edito r: Publisher-American Ho r­ tive plants. Cata log $1, refundabl e, JOY tropical greenhouse or indoor sunroom. Send $3 ti culru ral Soc ie ry,same address as above; Editor-Kathleen Fisher. same CREEK NURSERY, Bin 2, 20300 N.W. Watson address as above; Managing EdilOr-Mary Beth Wiesner. same address for catalog. THE BANANA TREE, 715 N. as above. 7. Owner: American Horticultural Society. same address as Rd., Scappoose, OR 97056. Hampton St., Easton, PA 18042. "oove. 8. Known Bondholders. Mortgages. and Other Security H olders Owning or Ho ld ing J Percent or More of Tota l Amount of Bonds. Mortgagcs o r Other Securities: None. 9. The purpose, function. and nonprofit status of th is organization and the exe mpt srarus fo r Federal THE BEST HEIRLOOM SEEDS PLANTS OF THE SOUTHWEST income tax purposes has not changed during (he prl'Ccding 12 months. Since 1982. Over 500 varieties of traditional 10. EX lent and Narure of Circu l:.Hion: and heirloom vegetables. flowers. and herbs, Stunning wildflowers & native grasses Average No. Actual No. many organicaUy grown. NationaUy recognized .• Traditional vegetables & herbs Copies Each Copies of coUection. 68 page catalog. $2 (deductible) • Over 25 spicy chiles - plants & seed Issue During Published (804) 973-4703 MC/VISA/ Discover l)rC("cding Nearest to RT. 6 Box llA, SANTA FE, NM 87501 12 Mo nths Filing DaTe SOUTHERN EXPOSURE SEED EXCHANGE P.O. Box 170-6, Earlysville, VA 22936 S05-471·22U lOO-PACE COLOR CATALOG, $3.50 A.To ral No. Copies 1 (Net Press Run ) 24.963 26.467 B. Paid a nd/o r Requested Cir," ul atl C)n; I. Sa les through dealers and ( arners. )trcet ve ndors nnd C(l unler sal e:. 2. 769 4.750 2. M:li l Subs," ripl1on (P:l id and/or req uested) 19.889 19.127 C. Tor.11 Pa id :lnd/ur Req uested Choose from over 2000 useful plant varieties in our mail Clrcul:l ti nn (Su m uf lOBI and IOB2) 11.658 23.877 catalog. Extensive collections of Rhododendrons, Azaleas, I). Free DlsrrihutlOn by ~' bll , Carru:r {l r O lher Means Samplrs, CumplimelH ary. Conifers, Perennials, hardy Camellias, Kalmias, ,.....~~"W;'11fI ;lIld O rh(· r Fr t'C Copies rare shrubs and trees and much, much more. E. Tntal Di)trihutinn IS ulll (If (' :md DJ 22.658 23.877 E CU pI C" Nnt DlslrihlHcd Send $3.00 for our descriptive mail order catalog to: I. O{fi(e use. lefr nVl' r, ull .. (cnurHed. "' (lul lcd :l ft er (l fl nnng 2.305 2.590 2. Rcturn (wm ews Ag,c nt s Roslyn Nursery 0 0 G. Tm;\1 (Sum of E. F I ano 2-:.hlluld 211 Burrs Lane, Dept L C!.lIl,11 IICI pn.·)) run shown III AJ 24,963 26.467

I (cm fy th;1I tht' SI:IlCllll'n r,. m :IJl' hr 1m' ahllw;'Ire l"t)rre(t and ("mplerc. Dix Hills, NY 11746 Kalhl el'n Fisher. Ed itor (516)-643-9347

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 31 IMPORT CHANGES OPPOSED the first year and produces more and more consistent flower spikes. It gets 10 inches tall and is hardy to USDA Zone 5. Representatives of the nursery industry testified last fall against 'Big Beef' tomato is a beefsteak-type hybrid said to mature changes to the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service's earlier than other beefsteaks, in about 73 days. An indetermi­ (APHIS ) Quarantine-37. The changes would allow five addi­ nate grower, it will get five or six feet tall and will continue tional plant genera-Alstroemeria, Ananas, Anthurium, producing half-pound to one-pound tomatoes through frost. Nidularium, and Rhododendron-to be imported into the It is rated as highly disease resistant. United States in growing media, and w,ould expand the types 'Fanfare' cucumber also fared well on disease resistance. A of media in which these plants could be grown. slicing cucumber said to be less bitter than other cultivars, it is The American Association of Nurserymen (AAN) is oppos­ recommended for urban gardens and patios, since it can be ing the proposal with a coalition of associations that includes grown in two or three feet of garden space or in a large container. the Professional Plant Growers' Association and the Society of American Florists. "APHIS admits that Rhododendron, in IN TE RN DIRE CT 0R Y AV A I LA BLE particular, has 'several pests associated with it that are not found in the United States and that are capable of becoming The 1994 Internship Directory, published by the American established here,'" AAN said. These pests include 10 insects Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta, is now avail­ that could enter greenhouses through openings two-tenths of able. It lists 25 pages of internships available in public gardens a millimeter or larger. APHIS also found six diseases associated in 32 states, the District of Columbia, Canada, and Scotland. with Rhododendron that could cause substantial damage if To order the directory, send $5 to AABGA Internship Direc­ introduced into this country. tory, 786 Church Road, Wayne, PA 19087. Quarantine-37 now prohibits importation of most plants growing in media, because these media can hide pests and NATIONAL SURVEY LAU NCH ED diseases. Japanese beetle, sweet potato whitefly, and gypsy moth are just a few of the imported pests that have caused grief In November we reported that Rhode Island would be the 10th for the industry and gardeners. state in the nation to undertake a biological survey-an inven­ The changes are being sought by a coalition of countries­ 'tory of all its plants and animals. But now Interior Secretary Belgium, Denmark, Israel, and the Netherlands. This is the first Bruce Babbitt has created a National Biological Survey with group of more than 60 genera for which they are asking greater the same goal for the entire country. leniency in importation rules. The period of public comment The huge undertaking will draw on resources of several on the changes ended December 6. Interior Department bureaus-primarily the U.S. Fish and Alstroemerias and anthuriums are already popular in this Wildlife Service, the National Park Service, and the Bureau of country's cut-flower trade. Ananas and Nidularium are mem­ Land Management-plus other federal bodies such as the bers of the bromeliad family. National Academy of Sciences and the Smithsonian, state agencies, and private groups such as the Nature Conservancy's 1994 ALL-AMERICA SELECTIONS State Natural Heritage Programs. The end goal is to identify and protect whole ecosystems, A lavender, a tomato, and a cucumber are this year's All-America rather than individual species, ideally before they even become Selections winners for the best new cultivars grown from seed. endangered, and before major conflicts arise as they have Lavandula angustifolia 'Lady' is described as similar to between the Pacific Northwest's logging industry and environ­ 'Munstead', but unlike that cultivar blooms reliably from seed mentalists who want to protect the spotted owl.

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