Most Downloaded App in the U.S

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Most Downloaded App in the U.S The State of Social Media Marketing in 2021 White Paper April 29, 2021 Introduction The ever-evolving state of social media marketing is not always an easy one to keep up with. Within the past year, social media behaviors have shifted as a result of a global pandemic, new networks emerging, top-ranking networks rolling out major updates, and more. Enter Ignite Social Media. Since 2007, social media marketing has been all that our team focuses on, leading some of the biggest brands to success through our customized social media strategies. We earned our nickname, the original social media agency, because we literally wrote the book on it – two books, in fact. Today, an essential part of our job is to stay on top of the constantly changing social landscape and prepare our clients for what’s next before it happens. Based on our experience and research, we’ve compiled this comprehensive white paper as a resource for other brands and marketers in the industry seeking information about the current state of social media marketing and what their social media teams should be preparing for in 2021 and beyond. Within these pages, you’ll find the following detailed information: • Where to find your audience on social media; • What motivates different audiences to use social media today; • Which features are currently the most popular across the different networks; • The current state of organic reach across different social networks; • How to prepare for the demise of third-party cookie tracking later this year; and • New features and opportunities networks plan to roll out throughout 2021. 2 10 Important Social Media Statistics for 2021 Let’s begin with a few key data-points on where the social media space currently stands in 2021. 1) TikTok was the most downloaded app in the U.S. in 2020 (89M), followed by Instagram (62M), Facebook (53M), Snapchat (51M), and Pinterest (31M). (eMarketer) 2) Clubhouse, the new “rising star” in social media, has amassed 3.2M U.S. downloads as of March 2021, 13M downloads worldwide. (App Annie) 3) Organic reach across social networks continues to decline, as the average reach per post on Facebook is 2.2%, on LinkedIn is 5.3%, and on Instagram is 9.4%. (Ignite Social Media) 4) The average consumer uses 3-6 social media networks/messaging apps. (GWI) 5) U.S. social ad spending is expected to increase 11.4% this year ($40B), and 21.3% in 2022 ($49B). (eMarketer) 6) 71% of businesses intend to increase their influencer spending throughout 2021 (Linqia) and while TikTok influencers are on the rise, Instagram is still the preferred platform for brand partnerships. (SocialPubli) 7) Daily time spent on social media networks is expected to decline on average 4% throughout the year, with Snapchat being the one exception. (eMarketer) 8) As of January 2021, 98.8% of social media users are accessing social networks via mobile devices. (HootSuite) 9) Customer care on social media is vital, as 21% of consumers prefer to message brands on social versus calling, and 56% will unfollow a brand who then delivers poor customer service on social networks. (Smart Insights) 10) Of the top 5 social networks and messaging apps in the U.S., Facebook owns 4. (Statista) 3 10 Important Social Media Statistics for 2021 continued Out of those statistics listed on the previous page, which stood out to you the most? Organic reach across social The decline of organic reach and increase in advertising spend makes sense to us, but what’s networks surprising about those data points is how much time continues to and money we still see brands put into organic content strategies, planning and publishing content decline, as the daily across social media platforms. average reach per post on Mind you, when the audience sees the post isn’t factored into the calculation here. It could be several Facebook is days from the original posting date that audiences 2.2%, on are shown a brand’s post in the feed. So, knowing LinkedIn is that only 2,200 of 100,000 followers on average are going to see a brand post on Facebook, many 5.3%, and on brands are reevaluating their organic content Instagram is strategy. Feel free to dive more into our recent study on organic reach and best practices for 9.4%. implementation here. 4 How Social Audiences Have Changed Heading into 2021 For every social strategy we develop for our clients, we leverage Forrester’s POST methodology, which starts with understanding the people we’re trying to reach on social. GWI (formerly known as GlobalWebIndex) is one of our most trusted research partners that helps our teams understand target audience behaviors within social media. Our expert teams dove into the Q4 2020 data (released in early 2021) to analyze not only which channels certain audiences were favoring, but insights into why they’re using certain channels, and which features they favor the most. Key Insights by Age (GWI) • Younger audiences (Gen Z and younger Millennials) over index for using Snapchat, TikTok, Reddit, and Instagram. • Older audiences (45+) slightly over index for using LinkedIn and Nextdoor. • While every generation has a presence on Facebook (they are after all, the most popular social network globally), audiences in the age range of 45-55 are as likely to use this network as the general population. • Instagram ages range across the board, but the younger audiences make up most of the users. This insight could be one of the many reasons Facebook is working on developing a new version of Instagram for audiences under the age of 13. 5 How Social Audiences Have Changed Heading into 2021 continued Key Insights by Gender (GWI) • Male users over index on social channels such as Reddit, Twitter, and LinkedIn, while Female users over index on all the remaining networks, most notably Nextdoor and Pinterest. • Although Pinterest has touted a 40% global growth in male users, the above data shows that male audiences only make up approximately 1/4 of users versus females, indicating female usage still largely dominates the network. Reasons for Using Social Media (GWI) • Research shows the main motivator for using social media (55%) is to "Keep in Touch with Friends/Family" followed by "Filling Spare Time" (35%). • Less popular reasons include work-related networking/research (13%), supporting good causes (13%), following celebs/influencers (14%) and making new contacts (15%). 6 How Social Audiences Have Changed Heading into 2021 continued Key Insights on Social Media Actions/Features (GWI)* • Video is King, Depending on the Type of Video 82% of all Watching a video is one of the top two activities social media users partake in across the majority of social consumer channels, including Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, internet traffic Twitter, and Reddit. will come from The above statement, however, excludes Facebook online videos Watch videos, as this type of video-on-demand content by 2022. is a much less commonly used feature on Facebook, (SocialMediaToday) alongside broadcasting Live videos and using Facebook Dating (a very underutilized feature that launched in late 2019). Seeing as TikTok is a video-centric platform, liking/commenting on video content or sharing videos with others is among the top actions users take on the platform. • Instagram Winning the Stories War While most social networks now have a Stories feature of some sort, Instagram seems to be winning the war as 3 out of the 4 top activities on this platform relate to Stories. Good news for brands, it’s also on this platform that audiences are more likely to click on the “swipe-up feature” or react to poll/questions in Stories (although posting polls/questions is a lower utilized activity). Snapchat activities also rank highly when it comes to Stories, however using the swipe-up feature is not as highly utilized by audiences on this platform. • Clicks on Sponsored Content Surprisingly Low Audiences reported clicking on a sponsored/promoted posts or ads as one of the three least common *See appendix for all activities across the majority of platforms, including GWI charts related to Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat, LinkedIn, Twitter, and “Key Insights on Social Reddit. Media Actions/Features” 7 How Social Audiences Have Changed Heading into 2021 continued Key Insights on Social Media Actions/Features (GWI) continued • Discover Features Underutilized Instagram and Snapchat are both known for their Discover feeds. However, on both networks this action was ranked near the bottom of actions taken on the respective platforms. • LinkedIn a Go To for Job Hunting, a No Go for Education As many people lost jobs last year due to the pandemic, utilizing LinkedIn for job searches and networking was among the top activities on the platform. That said, users are less likely to participate in LinkedIn Learning courses or attend webinars/events on this channel. This could, however, change later this year with the introduction of social-audio events on the platform. • TikTok Users Are More About Consumption vs Participation While TikTok usage is at an all-time high, it’s less likely the average user is creating their own content, specifically when it comes to participating in trends or brand-initiated hashtag challenges. • Pinterest Users Focus on Recipes and DIY Another less surprising insight that’s still worth noting, the pandemic led brides across the country to halt their wedding-related activities on Pinterest. Instead, audiences have been more focused on using the platform for inspiration related to food/meal ideas as well as home décor as people try to make their homes a more enjoyable atmosphere during lockdowns. 8 How Social Audiences Have Changed Heading into 2021 continued In addition to the GWI data, our team at Ignite Social Media Thisconducted may be a some survey interesting in March call 2021-out of 1,000 consumersthat should to see be how highlighted.
Recommended publications
  • The Effects of Content Likeability, Content Credibility
    Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research This paper is available online at ISSN 0718–1876 Electronic Version www.jtaer.com VOL 15 / ISSUE 3 / SEPTEMBER 2020 / 1-19 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-18762020000300102 © 2020 Universidad de Talca - Chile The Effects of Content Likeability, Content Credibility, and Social Media Engagement on Users’ Acceptance of Product Placement in Mobile Social Networks Ivan Ka Wai Lai 1 and Yide Liu 2 1 City University of Macau, Faculty of International Tourism and Management, Taipa, Macau, [email protected] 2 Macau University of Science and Technology, School of Business, Taipa, Macau, [email protected] Received 29 August 2018; received in revised form 11 June 2019; accepted 1 October 2019 Abstract Nowadays, product placements are commonly presented on mobile social media but related studies are rare. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of content likeability, content credibility, and social media engagement on users’ acceptance of product placement in mobile social networks. The results of the online survey indicate that content likeability is an antecedent of social media engagement and content credibility; social media engagement has an influence on content credibility; and content likeability, content credibility, and social media engagement both directly affect user acceptance of product placement in mobile social networks. Furthermore, social media engagement has an interaction effect with content likeability on the content credibility of mobile social networks. The results of the multi-group analysis indicate that young adults show differences with middle-aged adults in the direct effect of content likeability on social media engagement and in the interaction effect of content credibility and social media engagement on the acceptance of product placement in mobile social networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Video Streaming Best Practices for Pr
    VIDEO STREAMING BEST PRACTICES FOR PR Meerkat and Periscope Meerkat and Periscope are experiencing exponential growth. Since their launch in March, the two apps have seen more than 1.5 million live streams. In addition, video consumption is generally on the rise. Cisco predicts that video will account for 80 per cent of all Internet traffic in 2019, up from 64 per cent in 2014. People want to share their worlds. More importantly, they want to be invited into yours. General Electric (GE), pictured below, is taking its audience on an entirely new, experiential journey with Periscope. Meerkat and Periscope have put the spotlight on streaming video and video podcasts. Are they the latest shiny tools of the Internet or something more? We say more. With live streaming, you can engage your audience directly, in real time; boost existing PR content initiatives; and grow awareness and audience engagement. All types of brands are taking advantage of the medium, from musicians to chefs and from real estate professionals to business consultants. The only question left is how to get started with the new tools. Don’t worry; we’ve got you covered. The world is your oyster. Live streaming allows for PR aims like growing awareness and engagement as well as thought leadership. In the campaign pictured to the right, Nestle worked with influencers to “drum” up interest in its ice cream. The results speak for themselves. Nestle’s Drumstick Periscope Channel generated more than 5,000 views and more than 50,000 hearts in roughly 12 hours. Influencers (Nestle worked with four.) generated 1,500 views and more than 64,000 hearts.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects and Opportunities of Native Code Extensions For
    Effects and Opportunities of Native Code Extensions for Computationally Demanding Web Applications DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Dr. Phil. im Fach Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft eingereicht an der Philosophischen Fakultät I Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin von Dipl. Inform. Dennis Jarosch Präsident der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin: Prof. Dr. Jan-Hendrik Olbertz Dekan der Philosophischen Fakultät I: Prof. Michael Seadle, Ph.D. Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. Robert Funk 2. Prof. Michael Seadle, Ph.D. eingereicht am: 28.10.2011 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 16.12.2011 Abstract The World Wide Web is amidst a transition from interactive websites to web applications. An increasing number of users perform their daily computing tasks entirely within the web browser — turning the Web into an important platform for application development. The Web as a platform, however, lacks the computational performance of native applications. This problem has motivated the inception of Microsoft Xax and Google Native Client (NaCl), two independent projects that fa- cilitate the development of native web applications. Native web applications allow the extension of conventional web applications with compiled native code, while maintaining operating system portability. This dissertation determines the bene- fits and drawbacks of native web applications. It also addresses the question how the performance of JavaScript web applications compares to that of native appli- cations and native web applications. Four application benchmarks are introduced that focus on different performance aspects: number crunching (serial and parallel), 3D graphics performance, and data processing. A performance analysis is under- taken in order to determine and compare the performance characteristics of native C applications, JavaScript web applications, and NaCl native web applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Advertising Content and Consumer Engagement on Social Media: Evidence from Facebook
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Marketing Papers Wharton Faculty Research 1-2018 Advertising Content and Consumer Engagement on Social Media: Evidence from Facebook Dokyun Lee Kartik Hosanagar University of Pennsylvania Harikesh Nair Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/marketing_papers Part of the Advertising and Promotion Management Commons, Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, Business Analytics Commons, Business and Corporate Communications Commons, Communication Technology and New Media Commons, Marketing Commons, Mass Communication Commons, Social Media Commons, and the Technology and Innovation Commons Recommended Citation Lee, D., Hosanagar, K., & Nair, H. (2018). Advertising Content and Consumer Engagement on Social Media: Evidence from Facebook. Management Science, http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2902 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/marketing_papers/339 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Advertising Content and Consumer Engagement on Social Media: Evidence from Facebook Abstract We describe the effect of social media advertising content on customer engagement using data from Facebook. We content-code 106,316 Facebook messages across 782 companies, using a combination of Amazon Mechanical Turk and natural language processing algorithms. We use this data set to study the association of various kinds of social media marketing content with user engagement—defined as Likes, comments, shares, and click-throughs—with the messages. We find that inclusion of widely used content related to brand personality—like humor and emotion—is associated with higher levels of consumer engagement (Likes, comments, shares) with a message. We find that directly informative content—like mentions of price and deals—is associated with lower levels of engagement when included in messages in isolation, but higher engagement levels when provided in combination with brand personality–related attributes.
    [Show full text]
  • Communications Business Plan
    1 5. Team Letter 7. Mission, Vision & Values 6. What is Citizen-Centric? 9. Organizational Chart CONTENTS 14. SWOT 20. Audience Demographics 16. Department Highlights 23. What We Do 18. Collaboration Workload 24. Five Year Implementation Table by Goal 2 10. Executive Summary 11. Benchmarking: Statistically Valid Survey 11. Industry Trends & Best Practices 12. Citizen Survey Data CONTENTS 32. Fiscal Outlook 33. Future 34. Staff Time 3 David Graham Assistant City Manager Sarah Prohaska Communications Director Nicole Hricik Marketing Supervisor & Communications Liaison Melissa Yunas Project Manager Maureen Kenyon Social Media Coordinator/Digital Storyteller Benjamin Elliott Digital Video Producer Matt Dutiel Digital Video Producer Avi Monina Digital Media Production Coordinator Gustavo Nadasi Digital Technology Coordinator Patricia D’Abate Web Content & Graphic Specialist Alyssa Taylor Graphic/Digital Content Specialist 4 Team Letter The last decade has ushered in dramatic change in the ways people receive news and information. The evening television news and the morning newspaper are no longer the definitive source of news. People now have a multitude of channels from which they receive information – a 140-character tweet, a Facebook video, local news blog or live streamed video. Technology has provided an ever- expanding host of venues for sharing information with names like Meerkat, Instagram, Periscope and Snapchat. People can download and digest information anywhere at any time with tablets and smart phones. For a large, diverse City like Port St. Lucie, it can be challenging to communicate to every audience in the particular ways that resonate with each one. However, the City’s communications team enjoys and thrives on these challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • Mining Social Media for Newsgathering: a Review
    Mining Social Media for Newsgathering: A Review Arkaitz Zubiaga Queen Mary University of London, London, UK [email protected] Abstract Social media is becoming an increasingly important data source for learning about breaking news and for following the latest developments of ongoing news. This is in part possible thanks to the existence of mobile devices, which allows anyone with access to the Internet to post updates from anywhere, leading in turn to a growing presence of citizen journalism. Consequently, social media has be- come a go-to resource for journalists during the process of newsgathering. Use of social media for newsgathering is however challenging, and suitable tools are needed in order to facilitate access to useful information for reporting. In this pa- per, we provide an overview of research in data mining and natural language pro- cessing for mining social media for newsgathering. We discuss five different areas that researchers have worked on to mitigate the challenges inherent to social me- dia newsgathering: news discovery, curation of news, validation and verification of content, newsgathering dashboards, and other tasks. We outline the progress made so far in the field, summarise the current challenges as well as discuss future directions in the use of computational journalism to assist with social media news- gathering. This review is relevant to computer scientists researching news in social media as well as for interdisciplinary researchers interested in the intersection of computer science and journalism. 1 Introduction The popularity of social media platforms has increased exponentially in recent years, arXiv:1804.03540v2 [cs.CL] 11 Sep 2019 gathering millions of updates on a daily basis [1, 2].
    [Show full text]
  • A Social Media Guide for Farmers
    A Social Media Guide for Farmers Introduction What is social media? Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, Snapchat, TikTok — “social media” is the collective term for these websites and applications. Unlike traditional media, where a single author or organization talks to a passive audience, social media serves as a place for public conversations between many users. People use social media to share and discuss their daily lives, including their buying habits, with friends and family: it’s online word-of-mouth, available for free to anyone. And just like word-of-mouth, social media can have a huge impact on the success of your business. Why does social media benefit my business? You should care about social media because your customers do. Of all adults in the US, 68 percent use Facebook, and 66 percent of those users visit the site every day. A third of all US adults use sites such as Instagram and Pinterest. Among millennials, over 90 percent regularly use social media. Simply put, the people who will buy from you spend a lot of time looking at social media. You should make sure your business is in front of their eyes. How do I use it? The most important thing to remember about social media is that your business shares the same space as your customers’ friends. Whatever you do must compete with the daily activities and interests of those personal networks. Instead of simply promoting your business, your goal on social media should be to build a community and participate in conversations. People enjoy learning about the day-to-day stories and interests of your business much more than they enjoy advertising.
    [Show full text]
  • The Enchanting Lawyer Podcast. the Show That Walks You Step by Step to Improving Strategies You Can Use Today to Grow Your Business
    Introduction: Welcome to the Enchanting Lawyer Podcast. The show that walks you step by step to improving strategies you can use today to grow your business. We show you how being kind, useful and, of course, enchanting will bring you more clients and build a thriving community. Now here’s your host from sunny San Diego, Jacob Sapochnick. Jacob: Hello everybody, this is Jacob Sapochnick and you’re listening to the Enchanting Lawyer podcast. This is a show where we interview the most inspiring entrepreneurs from all over the world who share their ideas and help us do our work better and inspire us to be innovative and creative. Today, I’m on the road again – actually I’m in Palo Alto right now – at the Computer Museum, International Computer Museum here. Just finished the day of amazing conference with international entrepreneurs, seen so many interesting technologies, innovative technologies that are coming out so I’m super excited and pumped. I’m even more excited to have a special guest today with this international flavor. My guest today is all the way in Australia. His name is Antonio Calero and he’s a social media strategist and coach who specialize in user behavior management – which is a very, very important area. He helps businesses understand better their unique audiences to create effective social media content and campaigns and other communications which are very highly important. Today we’re going to talk about very exciting things, mostly the technology of live streaming. Antonio, welcome to the show. Antonio: Hi Jacob! Thank you very much for having me on the show.
    [Show full text]
  • What's Behind the Sudden Growth of Tiktok? a Powerful Chinese Backer and Celebrity Shout-Outs Are Helping the App Make Strides in the US
    What's Behind the Sudden Growth of TikTok? A powerful Chinese backer and celebrity shout-outs are helping the app make strides in the US ARTICLE DECEMBER 19, 2018 Debra Aho Williamson and Man-Chung Cheung We’ve seen plenty of social apps rise and fall (Vine, Yik Yak, Meerkat, to name a few). But the short-form video app TikTok has a powerful owner and a concept that’s catching on not only with young people, but also older generations in the US. Can it take on Facebook and the other big names of social media? What Is TikTok? TikTok is the international version of Douyin, a popular short-form video app in China. Users can upload short, quirky videos of themselves to the app and share them with followers. ByteDance, the Chinese company that owns both apps, acquired US short-video app Musical.ly in 2017 and merged it with TikTok in August. TikTok has been on a growth tear around the world, but its US performance has been especially notable. TikTok's US monthly active user audience grew by 30 million in the three months since the merger, and downloads were up 25% in the US and 20% worldwide, according to app tracker Apptopia. Tracking by App Annie found that TikTok was the second most- downloaded app in the Apple App Store and Google Play as of What's Behind the Sudden Growth of TikTok?: A powerful Chinese backer and celebrity shout-outs are helping the app 1 make strides in the US ©2020 eMarketer Inc. All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • 30-Minute Social Media Marketing
    30-MINUTE SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING Step-by-Step Techniques to Spread the Word About Your Business FAST AND FREE Susan Gunelius New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto To Scott, for supporting every new opportunity I pursue on and off the social Web and for sending me blog post ideas when I’m too busy to think straight. And to my family and friends for remembering me and welcoming me with open arms when I eventually emerge from behind my computer. Copyright © 2011 by Susan Gunelius. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-174865-0 MHID: 0-07-174865-2 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-174381-5, MHID: 0-07-174381-2. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every oc- currence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefi t of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Implications of Facebook Marketing for Organizations
    Contemporary Management Research Pages 73-84, Vol. 9, No. 1, March 2013 doi:10.7903/cmr.9710 The Implications of Facebook Marketing for Organizations Rooma Roshnee Ramsaran-Fowdar Central Queensland University E-Mail: [email protected] Sooraj Fowdar Central Queensland University E-Mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT With the explosive popularity of Facebook as a social media, there has not been much research that examines Facebook marketing and its implications for businesses. This paper represents an exploratory effort into this direction and analyzes existing Facebook marketing practices and tools, their benefits, and concerns associated with this type of social media marketing. Practical implications are suggested for organizations using Facebook as a social marketing tool and areas for future research are identified. Keywords: Facebook, Social Media, Marketing, Organizations, Word-of-Mouth INTRODUCTION Social media has changed the way organizations do business online over the past few years, and, as a consequence, social media marketing has created its own niche in the business world. Organizations are hiring community managers and social media analysts, and they are forming their own departments, separate from those of the traditional marketing and advertising sectors. As more and more users connect to the social network, it stands to reason that social media is becoming the increasingly accepted mode of communication for the Internet audience. The most visited online social network is Facebook, founded in 2004 and with over 600 million users and presence in over 70 countries (Carlson, 2011; Techtree News Staff, 2008). The Facebook site allows users to create a profile of themselves and explore the profiles of Contemporary Management Research 74 others, gaining an insight into others’ lifestyle and interests (Acar & Polonsky, 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • Social Media Glossary.Indd
    Social Media Glossary Archiving - the process of storing or preserving public records or historical materials (such as documents) Avatar - a cartoonish image that represents a person online, mostly within social networks Bio - a brief statement within a profi le of the user's life and accomplishments Bitmoji - a mobile app that allows users to create personalized avatars and use them in messaging apps Block - to stop someone from being able to see, access, or post a user’s social media site Blog - an online space where a company or user posts regular entries of content on a specifi c topic of common interest; short for web log; can also be used as a verb meaning to maintain or add content to a blog Chat - web-based communication, typically through a text-based instant messaging app Check-In - to indicate on a social media site that a user has visited a geographic location or an event Click Bait - a term that describes advertising material that employs a sensationalized headline to attract clicks Creep - to browse, sometimes excessively, another user’s social media profi les, photos and videos Designated Public Forum - a space in which the government intentionally opens or designates a non-traditional area for First Amendment activity based on policy or practice E-Discovery - any process in which electronic data is sought, located, secured, and searched with the intent of using it as evidence in a civil or criminal legal case Emoji - a small, digital image used to express an idea or emotion in electronic communication Facebook - a social
    [Show full text]