59 the Cordillera Administrative Region Or CAR Is Composed of the Provinces of Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga and the Mo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

59 the Cordillera Administrative Region Or CAR Is Composed of the Provinces of Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga and the Mo

The Cordillera Administrative Region or CAR is composed of the provinces of Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga and the Mountain Province. The Region is bounded by the Cagayan and Isabela provinces on the north and east, respectively, Pangasinan and Nueva Vizcaya on the south, and the Ilocos provinces and La Union on the west. This makes it the only land-locked region in the country. CAR has a total land area of 1, 961, 110 ha, in which 177, 839 ha are agricultural. It has rugged mountain ranges, forests, deep gorges and ravines, wide pasturelands and river MAJOR CROP PRODUCTION basins. It encompasses most of Area Harvested Production Volume the areas within the Cordillera Crop Central Mountains of Luzon, the (ha) (MT) largest mountain range in the Rice 118, 401.33 420, 340.00 country. The region has Types II Corn 53, 418.00 197, 585.33 and III climate which are very Mango 792.67 3, 722.63 suitable for rice, corn and cabbage. CAR is the country’s top cabbage Garlic 11.33 14.55 producer. Source: countrystat.bas.gov.ph Share of Agriculture in the Local Employment Kalinga - 2 Agriculture Tabuk City Others Ifugao - 2 Hungduan 59 Balangto Welding Shop Ep-Ep Welding Shop San-d-Uy Agri-Parts & Machineries Tabuk Farm Machineries 60 BALANGTO WELDING SHOP Year established: 2011 Nongolonan, Hungduan, Ifugao Mobile No. 0906-979-3480 Classification Type of Enterprise : Manufacturer Scope of Operation : Municipal Mode of Production/Distribution : By order Products Other Services Offered Hand Tractor Repair of other agricultural machineries Warranty Duration: no data Coverage: no data 61 EP-EP WELDING SHOP Year established: 2002 Hapao, Hungduan, Ifugao Mobile No. 0926-298-8559 Classification Type of Enterprise : Manufacturer Scope of Operation : Municipal Mode of Production/Distribution : By order Products Other Services Offered Power Tiller Repairs Product designing Product modification Warranty Duration: One (1) month Coverage: Repairs and other services 62 SAN-D-UY AGRI-PARTS & MACHINERIES Year established: 1992 14 Mayangao St., Dagupan, Centro, Tabuk City, Kalinga Mobile No. 0906-944-5983 Classification Type of Enterprise : Dealer Scope of Operation : Provincial Mode of Production/Distribution : By order Products Hand Tractor Diesel Engine Generator Set Rice Cutter Boom Sprayer Warranty Duration: Indefinite Coverage: no data 63 TABUK FARM MACHINERIES Year established: 2012 Mayangao St., Dagupan, Tabuk, Kalinga Mobile No. 0908-546-6290 / 0947-834-3560 Classification Type of Enterprise : Manufacturer-Dealer Scope of Operation : Provincial Mode of Production/Distribution : By batch Products Other Services Offered Hand Tractor w/ Trailer Repairs Rice Thresher Fabrication Product modification Warranty Duration: Two (2) weeks Coverage: Repairs and other services 64 .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

One Big File
MISSING TARGETS An alternative MDG midterm report NOVEMBER 2007 Missing Targets: An Alternative MDG Midterm Report Social Watch Philippines 2007 Report Copyright 2007 ISSN: 1656-9490 2007 Report Team Isagani R. Serrano, Editor Rene R. Raya, Co-editor Janet R. Carandang, Coordinator Maria Luz R. Anigan, Research Associate Nadja B. Ginete, Research Assistant Rebecca S. Gaddi, Gender Specialist Paul Escober, Data Analyst Joann M. Divinagracia, Data Analyst Lourdes Fernandez, Copy Editor Nanie Gonzales, Lay-out Artist Benjo Laygo, Cover Design Contributors Isagani R. Serrano Ma. Victoria R. Raquiza Rene R. Raya Merci L. Fabros Jonathan D. Ronquillo Rachel O. Morala Jessica Dator-Bercilla Victoria Tauli Corpuz Eduardo Gonzalez Shubert L. Ciencia Magdalena C. Monge Dante O. Bismonte Emilio Paz Roy Layoza Gay D. Defiesta Joseph Gloria This book was made possible with full support of Oxfam Novib. Printed in the Philippines CO N T EN T S Key to Acronyms .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. iv Foreword.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... vii The MDGs and Social Watch
[Show full text]
Heirloom Recipes of the Cordillera
Heirloom Recipes of the Cordillera Partners for Indigenous Knowledge Philippines HEIRLOOM RECIPES OF THE CORDILLERA Philippine Copyright 2019 Philippine Task Force for Indigenous People’s Rights (TFIP) Partners for Indigenous Knowledge Philippines (PIKP) This work is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License (CC BY-NC). Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purpose is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holders. Published by: Philippine Task Force for Indigenous People’s Rights (TFIP) #16 Loro Street, Dizon Subdivision, Baguio City, Philippines And Partners for Indigenous Knowledge Philippines (PIKP) #54 Evangelista Street, Leonila Hill, Baguio City, Philippines With support from: VOICE https://voice.global Editor: Judy Cariño-Fangloy Illustrations: Sixto Talastas & Edward Alejandro Balawag Cover: Edward Alejandro Balawag Book design and layout: Ana Kinja Tauli Project Team: Marciana Balusdan Jill Cariño Judy Cariño-Fangloy Anna Karla Himmiwat Maria Elena Regpala Sixto Talastas Ana Kinja Tauli ISBN: 978-621-96088-0-0 To the next generation, May they inherit the wisdom of their ancestors Contents Introduction 1 Rice 3 Roots 39 Vegetables 55 Fish, Snails and Crabs 89 Meat 105 Preserves 117 Drinks 137 Our Informants 153 Foreword This book introduces readers to foods eaten and shared among families and communities of indigenous peoples in the Cordillera region of the Philippines. Heirloom recipes were generously shared and demonstrated by key informants from Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Kalinga and Apayao during food and cooking workshops in Conner, Besao, Sagada, Bangued, Dalupirip and Baguio City.
[Show full text]
Beyond the Fields: Ethnographic Explorations on Notions and Practices of Sustainability in Ifugao, Philippines
Beyond the fields: Ethnographic explorations on notions and practices of sustainability in Ifugao, Philippines. Kathrine Ann Cagat Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD 2015 Department of Anthropology and Sociology School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 1 Cagat, Kathrine Ann (2015) Beyond the fields : ethnographic explorations on notions and practices of sustainability in Ifugao, Philippines. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23666 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. DECLARATION FOR PHD THESIS I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the SOAS, University of London concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the mate- rial presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination.
[Show full text]
Indigenous Peoples Plan
Indigenous Peoples Plan Project Number: 41220-013 October 2018 Philippines: Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project (INREMP) Community Management Plan for Bun-ayan, Camatagan, Capinitan and Supang Sabangan, Mountain Province Prepared by the Barangays of Bun-ayan, Camatagan, Capinitan and Supang of Sabangan, Mountain Province for the Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Philippines and for the Asian Development Bank. This indigenous peoples plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT PLAN Updated April 2019 BUN-AYAN, CAMATAGAN, CAPINITAN AND SUPANG SABANGAN, MOUNTAIN PROVINCE 2 ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank ADSDPP Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan ANR Assisted Natural Regeneration AO Administrative Order AP Affected Person CADT Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title CAR Cordillera Administrative Region CDA Cooperative Development Authority CF Conservation Farming CIS Communal Irrigation System CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan CMP Community
[Show full text]
Worldviews on Biodiversity from Selected Villages Around Ifugao Rice Terraces in the Philippines
Journal of Nature Studies 14 (2): 81-95 ISSN: 1655-3179 WORLDVIEWS ON BIODIVERSITY FROM SELECTED VILLAGES AROUND IFUGAO RICE TERRACES IN THE PHILIPPINES Inocencio E. Buot. Jr.1, 2 and Harold M. Carag1 1 Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baňos, Laguna, Philippines 2Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines Open University, Los Baňos, Laguna, Philippines *Corresponding author: ABSTRACT – This paper aims to assess the respondents’ prior knowledge on biodiversity and suggest some action plans for biodiversity awareness campaign among the locals. A total of 18 respondents from Banaue, Hungduan and Mayoyao participated in the survey. The web tool was adopted from http://biodiversity.wwviews.org/ (2012) but with some modifications. The results show a great concern over the loss of biodiversity (83% of the respondents) and is clearly reflected in their support of protective measures at the expense of economic constraints. Around 56% of the respondents are familiar about biodiversity and understood that most people in the world including the Ifugao residents, are affected by biodiversity loss. Sixty-seven percent (67%) of the respondents said that both industrialized and developing countries should be obliged to pay for biodiversity protection and when needed, 78% of them think that a global fee should be paid for their utilization. There is a general remarkable support for expanding international biodiversity regulation and therefore the extent to which burdens and benefits are shared. The local scenario of Ifugao was briefly analyzed and an action plan on biodiversity awareness campaign through policy and education was suggested. Keywords: Worldviews, Biodiversity, Ifugao Rice Terraces INTRODUCTION The concept of worldview has been described as mental lenses that are entrenched ways of perceiving the world (Olsen et al., 1992).
[Show full text]
Organic Matter Clogging Results in Undeveloped Hardpan and Soil Mineral Leakage in the Rice Terraces in the Philippine Cordilleras
water Article Organic Matter Clogging Results in Undeveloped Hardpan and Soil Mineral Leakage in the Rice Terraces in the Philippine Cordilleras Tomoyo Kurozumi 1, Yasushi Mori 1,*, Hiroaki Somura 1 and Milagros O-How 2 1 Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; [email protected] (T.K.); [email protected] (H.S.) 2 Universal Harvester Inc., 7th/8th Avenue, Cubao, Quezon City 1109, Philippines; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 31 August 2020; Accepted: 9 November 2020; Published: 12 November 2020 Abstract: Rice terraces in Cordillera, Philippines, a world cultural heritage site, are threatened by the risk of collapse. It is crucial to manage these rice terraces for their conservation, while simultaneously practicing traditional farming. We examined the soil environment and investigated its effects on rice terrace conservation, by focusing on the hardpan condition; infiltration process, which is related to the collapse of rice terraces; and soil nutrition conditions in these sites. Field survey and soil analysis revealed that in areas where the hardpan was not sufficiently developed and water infiltration was effectively suppressed, organic matter content was significantly high, suggesting organic matter clogging. In these rice terraces, the amounts of P, K, Ca, and Mn were significantly low, showing the mineral leaching under reductive soil conditions. Therefore, hardpan formation, rather than organic matter clogging, is essential for the suppression of infiltration and prevention of potential terrace collapse. Because hardpan formation or organic matter clogging cannot be identified from the surface of flooded rice paddies, it is difficult to identify the influencing factor.
[Show full text]
Soil Fertility Limitations of Rice Terraces in Cool Elevated Area
Philippine Journal of Crop Science 2003, 28(1): 39-48 Copyright 2005, Crop Science Society of the Philippines Released January 2005 SOIL FERTILITY LIMITATIONS OF IFUGAO RICE TERRACES TAHERE A SIGARP, NENITAV DESANIER01, JIMMY C CABIGAT2, EMILIO H ABAYAO2 & ALFONSO B CAYONG2 'Philippine Rice Research Institute, Maligaya, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija. 2 Local Government Unit, Ifugao In 2002 and 2003, a total of 68 soil samples were collected from Ifugao rice terraces in 3 municipalities (Banaue, Hungduan and Kiangan) and evaluated for fertility status through 2 methods: (a) minus-one-element test (MOET) and (b) soil analysis (SA). For SA, the samples were dried and sieved while for MOET the samples were kept moist. MOET setups were prepared in 2 replicates planted with PSB Rc44 and Palawan (local variety) following procedures described by Descalsota et al (2001) and Sigari et al (2002). Soils with relative shoot dry weight (RSDW) of 80% or less were considered nutrient-deficient. Likewise, SA was done to measure soil texture, pH, %OM, %0C, total N (%), C:N ratio, available P, exchangeable K, available Zn, S, Cu and soluble Fe. Soils with total N < 0.2%, Olsen P < 6 ppm, exchangeable K < 0.2 cmol/ kg soil, available Zn < 1 ppm, available S < 6 ppm, and available Cu < 0.1 ppm were identified as nutrient-deficient. By MOET, N deficiency was found common to all soils. In Banaue, 31.9% of the soils were recorded as deficient in P, 78.6% in K, 31.9% in Zn, 61.2% in S, and 17.8% in Cu.
[Show full text]
(CSHP) DOLE-Cordillera Administrative Region August 2017
REGIONAL REPORT ON THE APPROVED CONSTRUCTION SAFETY & HEALTH PROGRAM (CSHP) DOLE-Cordillera Administrative Region August 2017 No. Company Name and Address Project Name Project Owner Date Approved C.R. DOMINGO 142 National CONSTRUCTION AND 1 Highway, Brgy. 3, 17PG0011- Construction of Ibulao Flood Control DPWH-IFDEO August 1, 2017 POWER DEVELOPMENT, San Mateo , Isabela INC. 16PG0068- Construction/Upgrading/Rehabilitation/of C.R. DOMINGO 142 National Drainage along Nueva Vizcaya-Ifugao-Mt. Province CONSTRUCTION AND 2 Highway, Brgy. 3, Boundary Road, K0301+509,K0295+700- DPWH-IFDEO August 1, 2017 POWER DEVELOPMENT, San Mateo , Isabela K0295+800,K0301+100-K0301+400,K0312+600- INC. K0313+107,K0314+060-K0314+198 17PJ0018- Local Infrastructure Program- Construction of ROJUNED 3 Ramon, Isabela Rural Health Unit (Extension), Barangay Santa Maria, DPWH-ISDEO August 1, 2017 CONSTRUCTION Alfonso Lista, Ifugao C.R. DOMINGO 142 National CONSTRUCTION AND 17PG0012- Construction of Banao Flood Control 4 Highway, Brgy. 3, DPWH-IFDEO August 1, 2017 POWER DEVELOPMENT, (Tungngod Side) San Mateo , Isabela INC. C.R. DOMINGO CONSTRUCTION AND POWER DEVELOPMENT, 142 National CW-ALPIP-01-2017/Construction of Transbasin Tunnel 5 INC. AND Highway, Brgy. 3, and its Appurtenant Structures of Alfonso Lista Pump NIA-CAR August 1, 2017 CONSOLIDATED San Mateo , Isabela Irrigation Project (ALPIP) EXPLOSIVES GROUP CORPORATION (JV) 17PK0042- Rehabilitation Restoration of National Road BLESSING BUILDERS & Purok 4, Bulanao, along Various Section od Upper Kalinga Roads Mt. 6
[Show full text]
Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, Ifugao Province, the Philippines 18-24 April 2006
REPORT OF A JOINT REACTIVE MONITORING MISSION TO THE RICE TERRACES OF THE PHILIPPINE CORDILLERAS, IFUGAO PROVINCE, THE PHILIPPINES 18-24 APRIL 2006 Mission team: Mr Feng JING, UNESCO World Heritage Centre (UNESCO/WHC, Paris) Ms Katri Lisitzin, International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Ms Cristi Marie C. Nozawa, the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Mr Ricardo Favis, Consultant of UNESCO Office in Bangkok, Thailand TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements Executive Summary and List of Recommendations……………………………………….3 1. Background to the Mission……………………………………………………………7 1.1 Inscription History………………………………………………………………………7 1.2 Inscription Criteria and World Heritage values…………………………………………7 1.3 Integrity issues raised in the IUCN evaluation report at time of inscription……………7 1.4 Examination of the State of Conservation by the World Heritage Committee…………8 1.5 Justification of the mission……………………………………………………………..9 2. National Policy for the Preservation and Management of the World Heritage Property………………………………………………………………………………9 2.1 Protected Area legislation……………………………………………………………9 2.2 Institutional framework………………………………………………………………9 2.3 Response to the recognition of values under international treaties and programmes…9 3. Identification and Assessment of Issues…………………………………………10 3.1 Management Effectiveness……………………………………………………………10 3.2 Findings and observations of the mission……………………………………………...11 3.3 Information on any threat or damage to or loss of outstanding universal value, Integrity authenticity of the property………………………………………………….12 4. Assessment of the State of Conservation of the property………………………….15 4.1 Review of whether values and the conditions of integrity are being maintained……...15 4.2 Review of follow-up measures to previous decisions of the WH Committee…………17 5. Conclusions and Recommendations…………………………………………………20 5.1 Recommendations for action to be taken by the State Party, including draft recommendations to the World Heritage Committee………………………………….20 5.2 Benchmarks and timeframe for corrective measures………………………………….21 6.
[Show full text]
LIST of MUNICIPAL HEALTH OFFICERS Cordillera Administrative Region As of January 7, 2020
LIST OF MUNICIPAL HEALTH OFFICERS Cordillera Administrative Region As of January 7, 2020 Province/ City Provincial Offices and Municipality Rural Health Units Contact Number Email Address Dr. Maria Christina V. Cabrera (PHO II) 0917-175-952 [email protected] [email protected] / Dr. Alex M. Bayubay (DMO V) [email protected] Bangued MHO: Bangued Dr. Glygoric A. Cortes (MHO) Boliney RHU: 0927-421-2696 Boliney Ms. Princess Mae S. Stimson (PHN) Bucay RHU: 0917-302-6781 Bucay Dr. June G. Aznar (MHO) Bucloc RHU: 0906-572-5201 [email protected] Bucloc Dr. Andrew Chamson M. Bacuso (DTTB) Daguioman RHU: 0927-803-9131 Daguioman Dr. Rellin Gay A. Apelo (DTTB) Danglas RHU: 0905-498-0789 [email protected] Danglas ABRA Dr. Joan Rose G. Lampac (MHO) Dolores RHU: 0917-779-3925 Dolores Dr. Joan Rose G. Lampac (DTTB) Lacub RHU: 0917-801-6914 Lacub Ms. Lea Sharon B. Ibay (PHN) 0916-897-3343 Lagangilang RHU: 0921-668-9667 [email protected] Lagangilang Dr. Ruby Rose L. Orosco (MHO) Lagayan RHU: 0917-895-6744/ 0917-412-4627 [email protected] Lagayan Dr. Melanie Aggudong (DTTB) Langiden RHU: Langiden Dr. Antonio L. Valera (PHO I) La Paz RHU: La Paz Ms. Caroline Afos Parel (OIC- PHN) Licuaan- Licuan_Baay RHU: 0926-916-5646 Baay Dr. Ma. Flavie D. Blanca (MHO) Luba RHU: 0917-825-7359 [email protected] Luba Dr. Anthea Marie R. Gabaoen (MHO) Malibcong RHU: 0917-854-4304/ 0977-177-8740 [email protected] Malibcong Dr. Mira Peace B. Kapuno (MHO) Manabo RHU: Manabo Dr. Joel Beleno (MHO) Peñarrubia RHU: 0906-574-1318 [email protected] Peñarrubia Dr.
[Show full text]
(CSHP) DOLE-Cordillera Administrative Region April 2018
REGIONAL REPORT ON THE APPROVED CONSTRUCTION SAFETY & HEALTH PROGRAM (CSHP) DOLE-Cordillera Administrative Region April 2018 Date No. Company Name and Address Project Name Project Owner Approved BALAAN BOEN Kin-iway, Besao, Construction of Patogtog Slope Protection with 1 LGU-BONTOC April 2, 2018 CONSTRUCTION Mountain Province Drainage MERJAN P. HAMBON #74 Bakakeng Norte/ LGU-BAGUIO C/O April 02, 2 GENERAL Construction of Roofing at BCEMS Sur, Baguio City CBAO 2018 CONSTRUCTION #14 Daguitan st., 18PL0032: Rehabilitation of Pinukpuk Junction Flood April 02, 3 JEP CONSTRUCTION Dagupan Centro, DPWH-LKDEO Control 2018 Tabuk City, Kalinga #75J Appl St., Airport CAMIA CONST. 18PC0010: Road Upgrading (Unpaved to Paved) Village., Pengue April 02, 4 DEVELOPMENT Ayaga-Sta.Marcela-Flora-Lasam Road, (22619-23768) DPWH-ASDEO Ruyu, Tuguegarao 2018 CORPORATION – (23777-24448)- (24489-26002), Apayao City, Cagayan 18PB0021: Construction/ Maintenance of Flood B.C. CUERPO 2B E. Rodriguez Sr. Mitigation Structures and Drainage Systems- April 02, 5 CONSTRUCTION Ave. San Juan, DPWH-AFDEO Construction of Karagawan Flood Control, Brgy. 2018 CORPORATION Rodriguez, Rizal Poblacion, Kabugao, Apayao #21 Pucay April 03, 6 JERRISON TIONG Proposed 3-Storey Building with Penthouse Jerrison Tiong Road, Baguio City 2018 18PI0003- Convergence and Special Support Program, Construction/ Improvement of Access Roads leading to PA 399-D Upper Trades, Industries, and Economic Zones, Abatan- April 03, 7 KVC CONSTRUCTION Wangal, La Trinidad, DPWH-AMPDEO Bagnen Road, in support
[Show full text]
The Regional Disparity Caused by Decentralization Policy In
地球環境研究，Vol.20（2018） The regional disparity caused by decentralization policy in developing countries ―A case study of road management systems under the implementation of the local government code 1991 in the Philippines― KAINUMA Emi＊ Key words：Decentralization, Local governance, Road management, Infrastructure, the Philippines the Marcos administration, she promoted transfer of 1．Introduction authority over the infrastructure from national to local Decentralization is characterized as one of the government responsibility which directly associates world wide political trends in the late 1980s and 1990s with people’s life. The code’s most important feature that is believed to have promoted democratization. is the decentralization of five basic service, namely Opening up of the market and loosening of the formal health, agriculture, social welfare, public works and procedures lead by centralized political system environment as well as natural resources（Tapales, were expected to be one of the effective methods to 1998）. This code became even more significant if accelerate the local development. The Philippines, appreciated within the context of the country’s highly which will be the focus of this study, adopted the centralized politico-administrative history, a tradition drastic policies during those times. The new local inherited from the period when the country was government code, namely the Local Government Code colonized and ruled by so-called“Imperial Manila” 1991 or Republic Act No.7160, was established in 1991 （Brillantes Jr., 1999）. and implemented in 1992. Under the code, responsibilities to construct The purpose of enactment of the code was and maintain provincial, city, municipal and to assist the self-dependency as well as to accelerate barangay１）roads are ordained to respective sections the economic activities of local areas.
[Show full text]