DOCSLIB.ORG

Science and Technology: the Making of the Air Force Research Laboratory

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Science and Technology: the Making of the Air Force Research Laboratory Science and Technology The Making of the Air Force Research Laboratory ROBERT W. DUFFNER Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 2000 Library of Congress Catloging-in-Publication Data Duffner, Robert W. Science and technology : the making of the Air Force Research Laboratory / Robert W. Duffner. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 1-58566-085-X 1. Air Force Research Laboratory (Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio) I. Title. UG644.W75 D84 2000 358.4’0072073—dc21 00-064302 Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: distribution unlimited. ii For Carol, Kelly, Susanne, and Tyler, Who make life more interesting and worthwhile Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER . ii DEDICATION . iii FOREWORD . xi ABOUT THE AUTHOR . xiii PREFACE . xv Part 1 The Decision 1 Introduction . 3 2 Rumblings of Laboratory Consolidation . 7 3 The Catalyst: National Defense Authorization Act and Vision 21 . 23 4 Overhauling Infrastructure . 45 5 Laboratory Studies and Strategy . 71 6 Corona 1996: Leadership and Decisions . 93 7 The Last Dance: Meeting in the Secretary’s Office . 115 8 Conclusion . 129 Part 2 The Transition 9 Early Strategic Planning . 137 10 Shaping the Technology Directorates . 161 11 Getting the Message Out . 195 v Chapter Page 12 Other Perspectives: Independent Review Teams . 209 13 Headquarters: Two Staff Directorates . 227 14 The Final Push . 253 15 Conclusion . 265 Appendix A Chronology . 271 B Laboratory Consolidations prior to Formation of a Single Laboratory . 289 C Orders Activating the Air Force Research Laboratory . 293 GLOSSARY . 301 INDEX . 303 Illustrations Figure 1 Infrastructure Requirements for Defense Laboratories . 36 2 Air Force S&T Manpower Reductions, Program 6 . 63 3 Manpower Trends . 64 4 Air Force Battlelab Locations . 88 5 Single-Laboratory Organization . 116 6 Vision 21 Background Infrastructure . 120 7 S&T Strategy—Single-Laboratory Reorganization . 121 8 Old versus New Laboratory Structure: AFMC Organization . 123 vi Figure Page 9 Merging Vision and Mission . 124 10 Issues Influencing the Creation of a Single Laboratory . 131 11 General Viccellio’s Initial Vision of Single-Lab Organization, 26 November 1996 . 138 12 Phased Implementation Approach for a Single Laboratory . 145 13 Second Stage of the Implementation Plan . 148 14 Evolution of the Single Lab . 149 15 Single-Lab Transition Structure . 152 16 AFRL Technology Directorates . 178 17 AFRL Directorate Matrix . 179 18 AFRL Locations . 180 19 AFRL Emblem . 199 20 Proposed Organization—AFRL, Phase II . 259 21 Pre-AFRL S&T Organization . 260 22 Air Force Research Laboratory . 260 Photo Maj Gen Richard R. Paul . frontispiece Maj Gen Richard R. Paul . 24 Dr. Donald C. Daniel . 27 Gen Henry Viccellio Jr. 30 Tim Dues . 41 Dr. Vince Russo . 41 Col Dennis Markisello . 48 Dr. George R. Abrahamson . 72 vii Photo Page Dr. Sheila E. Widnall . 75 Dr. Gene McCall . 76 Gen Ronald R. Fogleman . 98 Lt Gen Lawrence P. Farrell Jr. 110 Blaise Durante . 122 Ms. Wendy Campbell . 153 Dr. Robert “Bart” Barthelemy . 163 AFRL’s First Technology Directors as of October 1997 . 188 Col Richard W. Davis . 233 Dr. Brendan B. Godfrey . 239 Col John Rogacki . 242 Tables 1 Consolidation of 13 Air Force Laboratories . 12 2 Air Force “Laboratories” Identified for Vision 21 Study . 37 3 Total Laboratory Manpower (Fiscal Years 1989–2001) . 61 4 End State No. 3: Single Air Force Laboratory . 111 5 Bergamo Meeting Team . 141 6 Air Force Single-Lab Transition Staff (January 1997) . 154 7 Task Groups and Leaders . 155 8 Technology Directorate Task-Group Membership . 165 viii Table Page 9 Decision Options, AFRL Directorates . 174 10 First Directors, Deputies, and Chief Scientists of AFRL . 187 11 Air Force Research Laboratory: Before and After . 190 12 Road-Show Schedule . 203 13 Independent Assessment Board . 210 14 Grassroots Review Board . 217 15 XP Task Group . 228 16 Colonel Rogacki’s Integration and Operations Task Group . 243 17 Colonel Markisello’s Support Task Group . 244 18 AFRL Research-Site Detachments . 262 19 AFRL Technology-Directorate Detachments . 262 ix Foreword History is the study of change. It is an important—but often neglected—resource and tool that allows each of us to analyze and extract the most relevant experiences from the past and apply that knowledge to today’s decision-making process. What has happened in the past affects the way we live in the future. Therefore, to ignore history is a mistake. Likewise, to capture the history associated with contemporary events can have huge payoffs for future leaders and is an extremely wise investment of time and energy. Early in my career, I served on the history faculty at the Air Force Academy, where I challenged cadets to gain a better appreciation for the past. As part of that educational process, I encouraged students to consider history a basic building block in their development as professionals. My goal was to make them more aware of a time-tested database that they, as future leaders, could draw upon in shaping policies and strat- egy to best accomplish the mission. Later, as chief of staff, I initiated a reading program of selected historical works to promote the professional growth of all Air Force personnel. This history documents a watershed event within the United States Air Force during my tenure as chief of staff—the crea - tion of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). As the “high technology” service, the Air Force has always searched for ways to improve continuously its science and technology en- terprise. In that context, the making of AFRL was not a bureaucratic accident. Rather, it was the product of a complex mixture of historical forces and pressures at work that con - vinced people at all levels that the time was ripe to bring about fundamental reform in how the Air Force conducts its business of science and technology. In terms of significance, a wealth of past studies has fo - cused on almost every aspect of the “operational” side of the Air Force. But there has been a scarcity of available scholarly studies that address the far-reaching implications of science and technology. Bob Duffner’s insightful and comprehensive account of the evolution of events leading to the genesis of a xi single Air Force laboratory is a major contribution that helps fill that gap. Organization and infrastructure are critically im - portant components of the total science and technology picture. Thus, the manner in which our laboratory system is organized is a critical factor in the Air Force’s ability to assure that we are investing in and delivering the most relevant tech- nologies possible. Duffner is an accomplished historian who weaves an engag- ing and cogent story of how the Air Force moved from 13 separate labs to one consolidated lab. Thoroughly researched and documented, this balanced and highly readable narrative is divided into two parts. Part one addresses the reasons why the Air Force decided to consolidate its far-flung science and technology enterprise into one lab. How the new lab was im - plemented is the focus of part two. This study is especially revealing because the reader is given access to the inner work- ings and struggles of a major Air Force organizational restructuring through interviews with key individuals who participated directly in the decision-making process to estab- lish a single lab. People—collectively and individually—make history. The creation of the Air Force Research Laboratory represents one of the most sweeping reforms in the history of the Air Force and is testimony to the principle that change is inevitable. Understanding why and how a single lab happened is criti- cally important in assessing where Air Force science and technology has been in the past and where it is going in the future. This book offers a unique perspective on how and why the Air Force altered its organizational approach to science and technology. I strongly recommend that it be added to every serious Air Force professional’s reading list. RONALD R. FOGLEMAN General, USAF, Retired Chief of Staff, 1994–97 xii About the Author Robert W. Duffner is chief of the Air Force Research Laboratory’s history office at the Space Vehicles and Di- rected Energy directorates (Phillips Research Site) located in Albuquer- que, New Mexico. A graduate of Lafay- ette College, he received his PhD in history from the University of Mis- souri. He served as an infantry rifle- platoon leader with the 101st Air- borne Division in Vietnam and later as a colonel in the Army Reserve Robert W. Duffner while serving as a consulting faculty member at the Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Dr. Duffner’s earlier book, Airborne Laser: Bullets of Light (Plenum Press, 1997), is a history of the world’s first successful demonstra- tion of an Air Force laser on board an aircraft that engaged and disabled tactical missiles. xiii Preface Vision is often an elusive concept because organizations often package it in terms of an appealing aphorism intended to symbolize efficiency and productivity. But a well-defined vision is useful only if leaders and workers at all levels persist- ently promote and practice it to bring about fundamental change in how an organization operates. This book is about the creation and implementation of the Air Force’s vision to reinvigorate its science and technology infrastructure during the mid-1990s in an effort to keep pace with changing times. This vision, which manifested itself from an organizational perspective in the creation of a single Air Force laboratory, was the latest initiative in an evolutionary chain of activities stemming from the World War II era designed to create, strengthen, and refine the Air Force’s research and technology enterprise.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • At the Former Griffiss Air Force Base Rome, New York
    EPA/ROD/R02-02/598 2002 EPA Superfund Record of Decision: GRIFFISS AIR FORCE BASE (11 AREAS) EPA ID: NY4571924451 OU 25 ROME, NY 07/23/2002 001002_UK08_10_03-B0894 Final Record of Decision for Building 26 Source Removal Area of Concern (ST-35) at the Former Griffiss Air Force Base Rome, New York April 2002 AIR FORCE BASE CONVERSION AGENCY able of Contents T Section Page List of Abbreviations and Acronyms........................................................................... iv 1 Declaration.................................................................................1-1 1.1 Site Name and Location ................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Statement of Basis and Purpose ....................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Description of Selected Remedy...................................................................... 1-1 1.4 Statutory Determinations.................................................................................. 1-2 1.5 Authorizing Signatures..................................................................................... 1-2 2 Decision Summary....................................................................2-1 2.1 Site Name, Location, and Brief Description .................................................... 2-1 2.2 Site History and Enforcement Activities.......................................................... 2-1 2.3 Community Participation................................................................................. 2-3
    [Show full text]
  • April 1,1995
    DCN 1043 AVIATION-TROOP SUPPORT COMMAND, MO APRIL 1,1995 TABLE OF CONTENTS TAB 1. ITINERARY 2. BASE SUMMARY SHEET 3. SECRETARY OF DEFENSE RECOMMENDATION 4. CATEGORY CHART 5. INSTALLATION REVIEW 6. STATE MAP - DOD INSTALLATIONS AND STATISTICAL DATA 7. STATE CLOSURE HISTORY LIST -1 sr 8. PRESSARTICLES 9. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION '. COMMISSION BASE VISIT \ AVIATION-TROOP COMMAND (ATCOM), MO Saturday, April 1,1995 SSIONERS ATTENDING: Alan J. Dixon Lee KIing STAFF ATTENDING: Ed Brown Mike Kennedy David Lyles I3lNuuw Friday. March 31 2:30PM MT Lee Kling and David Lyles depart Malmstrom AFB en route St. Louis, MO: MILAIR C-2 1. -\-. ' 6:30PM CT Lee Kling and David Lyles anive St. Louis, MO from Malmstrom. * Lee Kling and David Lyles drive to Lee Kling's residence for overnight. lO:09AM ET Ed Brown and Mike Kennedy depart DC National en route St. Louis, MO: TWA flight 123. 11:26AM CT Ed Brown and Mike Kennedy arrive St. Louis, MO airport fkom DC National. * Rental car (Kennedy): National Confirmation#: 1046585036 Days: April 1 Phone#: 1800-227-7368 11 :30AM CT Ed Brown and Mike Kennedy depart St. Louis airport by car to pick up Lee Kling and David Lyles at Lee Kling's residence. 12:30PM CT Ed Brown and Mike Kennedy pick up Lee Kling and David Lyles and depart en route ATCOM. 1 :00PM CT Alan J. Dixon departs personal residence en route ATCOM. 1:45PM CT Alan J. Dixon, Lee Kling, Ed Brown, Mike Kennedy and David Lyles arrive ATCOM. 2:00PM to ATCOM base visit. ) 5:OOPM 5:OOPM CT Alan J.
    [Show full text]
  • Ministry of Defence Acronyms and Abbreviations
    Acronym Long Title 1ACC No. 1 Air Control Centre 1SL First Sea Lord 200D Second OOD 200W Second 00W 2C Second Customer 2C (CL) Second Customer (Core Leadership) 2C (PM) Second Customer (Pivotal Management) 2CMG Customer 2 Management Group 2IC Second in Command 2Lt Second Lieutenant 2nd PUS Second Permanent Under Secretary of State 2SL Second Sea Lord 2SL/CNH Second Sea Lord Commander in Chief Naval Home Command 3GL Third Generation Language 3IC Third in Command 3PL Third Party Logistics 3PN Third Party Nationals 4C Co‐operation Co‐ordination Communication Control 4GL Fourth Generation Language A&A Alteration & Addition A&A Approval and Authorisation A&AEW Avionics And Air Electronic Warfare A&E Assurance and Evaluations A&ER Ammunition and Explosives Regulations A&F Assessment and Feedback A&RP Activity & Resource Planning A&SD Arms and Service Director A/AS Advanced/Advanced Supplementary A/D conv Analogue/ Digital Conversion A/G Air‐to‐Ground A/G/A Air Ground Air A/R As Required A/S Anti‐Submarine A/S or AS Anti Submarine A/WST Avionic/Weapons, Systems Trainer A3*G Acquisition 3‐Star Group A3I Accelerated Architecture Acquisition Initiative A3P Advanced Avionics Architectures and Packaging AA Acceptance Authority AA Active Adjunct AA Administering Authority AA Administrative Assistant AA Air Adviser AA Air Attache AA Air‐to‐Air AA Alternative Assumption AA Anti‐Aircraft AA Application Administrator AA Area Administrator AA Australian Army AAA Anti‐Aircraft Artillery AAA Automatic Anti‐Aircraft AAAD Airborne Anti‐Armour Defence Acronym
    [Show full text]
  • ANNUAL REVIEW with an Economic Impact Analysis
    FISCAL YEAR 2013 ANNUAL REVIEW with an Economic Impact Analysis Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate Approved for public release [88ABW-2013-5451] distribution unlimited Message Table of Contents From The Director 4 4 Mission and Vision Statements 5 Focus – FY 2013 in Review 6 Leadership 8 Growth Trends 9 FY 2013 Budget 10 AFRL/RI Campus Data is the new oil, and refining that data into information and knowledge is what we do. This 16 11-12 Remote Research Sites exquisite knowledge gives our air, space, and cyber forces the competitive advantage needed to 13 Controllable Contested Environment protect and defend this great nation. The Information Directorate reinvigorated its research vector towards novel and affordable Command, Control, Communications, Cyber, and Intelligence (C4I) 14-15 Core Technical Competencies technologies and continues to be recognized as a national asset and leader in C4I. 16-17 Inventing the Future This past year has been a series of challenges. Federal budget uncertainty dominated our 18-19 Accomplishments planning landscape and the postwar demobilization and sequestration has affected the science 20-21 Patents and technology community unlike any time in the past. Unprecedented personnel furloughs, travel, 19 22-23 Research Facilities training, and conference restrictions tested the morale of the workforce. Nevertheless, the great people of the Information Directorate persevered. Revenues from a loyal customer base remained 24-25 Collaborations strong. In a time when our customers experienced extraordinary budget reductions, they chose 26-27 Academic Affiliations to spend their limited resources with the Information Directorate. This financial vote of confidence 28 Information Institute greatly enhanced overall total revenue to just a few percentage points below last year.
    [Show full text]
  • Reliability Analysis Center
    the Journal of the First Quarter 1998 Reliability Analysis Center RAC is a DoD Information Analysis Center sponsored by the Defense Technical Information Center and operated by IIT Research Institute Pioneering Reliability Laboratory Addresses Information Technology Written by the RAC Staff with the assistance of the Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate history office. The Air Force Research Another of the first reliability operational parameters into Laboratory Information efforts of RADC was the reliability requirements. The Directorate at the Rome (NY) publication of reliability original team created by Research Site is the current prediction models. An RCA Naresky for reliability name for a laboratory which document, TR 1100, became the technology development was a has been the DoD focal point basis of an RADC technical four man group: Edward for electronic reliability since report which was the first Krzysiak (group leader), the 1950s. Established in 1951 military reference on failure Anthony Coppola, Anthony D. as the Rome Air Development rates of electronic components. Pettinato, Jr., and John Fuchs. Center (RADC), becoming the A series of RADC Reliability As the number of reliability Rome Laboratory (RL) in Notebooks provided updates, personnel grew, statistical December 1990, and officially until RADC became the studies in reliability were adopting its present title in preparing activity for MIL- performed by various October 1997, the organization HDBK-217, Reliability individuals and groups under has been the primary DoD Prediction of Electronic the overall direction of David electronic reliability research Equipment. Prediction models F. Barber and his successor and development agency since for electronic parts became the Anthony J.
    [Show full text]
  • Ballistic Missile Defense Glossary
    BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE GLOSSARY VERSION 3.0 JUNE 1997 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE ORGANIZATION 7100 DEFENSE PENTAGON WASHINGTON, DC 20301-7100 PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PURPOSE The purpose of this glossary is to facilitate a common language within the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and the ballistic missile defense community. This glossary supplements other existing Department of Defense (DoD) publications. SCOPE This glossary is not an official DoD publication; it is limited to terminology that relates to ballistic missile defense. A number of computer, software, and engineering terms are included, especially those applicable to BMD. In addition, numerous acquisition terms are included in light of BMDO’s ongoing transition to a more acquisition-oriented agency. Many entries are taken from the DoD 5000-series of directives, the DoD program objective memorandums, the Joint Staff Glossary (Joint Pub 1-02), and the Defense Systems Management College Glossary. A number of outdated or seldom-used terms are also included for historical relevance, though obsolete terms are denoted. WORLD WIDE WEB The BMDO Glossary can be found on the BMDO World Wide Web home page at http://www.acq.osd.mil/bmdo/bmdolink/html/ FORMAT All entries are listed in alphabetical order, including acronyms (which are cross-referenced with their corresponding definition). General terms are defined in a BMD context where appropriate. In cases where a term has more than one BMD-related meaning, multiple definitions are given. Wherever possible, organizational changes occurring since publication of the October 1995 BMDO Glossary are incorporated. Please note that abbreviations and acronyms listed herein are capitalized for ease of reference.
    [Show full text]
  • Air Force Science and Technology Contributions to the Nation
    The Limitless Sky Air Force Science and Technology Contributions to the Nation Edited by: Alexander H. Levis Chief Scientist, USAF with the assistance of Colonel John C. Bedford, USAF, Ret. Captain Sandra Davis Air Force History and Museums Program United States Air Force Washington, D.C. 2004 “…problems never have a final or universal answer, and only constant inquisitive attitude towards science and a ceaseless and swift adaptation to new development can maintain the security of this nation through… air supremacy” Dr. Theodore onv Kármán to General Henry H. “Hap” Arnold 15 December 1945 To the Air Force scientists and engineers, military and civilian, for keeping true to von Kármán’s vision. Acknowledgement Neither the Symposium nor this book would have been possible without the support of a number of organizations. The Air Force Association provided a venue for the Symposium and made it a part of its Fall ’03 convention in Washington, D.C. The Air Force Legislative Liaison and the Public Affairs Offices provided administrative support and publicity, while the Centennial of Flight Office included this activity in the centennial program. The organizing committee was chaired by Col. John B. Bedford, AF/ST, and included Alexander G. Levis and Nancy C. Stenger from AF/ST, Bill Heimdahl from AF/HO, Col. Tom Schubert from AF/LL, Maj. Michelle Ryan, AF/CVAH, and Napoleon Byars from AFA. The Program Committee had the responsibility of selecting the topics and working with the multiple authors to produce the papers and the presentations. The committee was chaired by Alexander H. Levis, AF/ST, and included Barbara A.
    [Show full text]
  • Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
    Description of document: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Technical Report Bibliography for reports responsive to a search for keyword/subject terms: Post Attack Command and Control System, PACCS, 1930-1988 Requested date: 2013 Released date: 21-October-2013 Posted date: 14-April-2014 Source of document: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC-R) ATTN: FOIA Requester Service Center 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Suite 0944 Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060-6218 The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. From: "Hamilton, Mike CIV DTIC R" Date: Oct 21, 2013 8:19:10 AM Subject: DTIC FOIA 2013-164 Good Morning Attached is information on your below FOIA request.
    [Show full text]
  • AFFTC Test Plan Guide.Pdf (New Window)
    AFFTC-TIH-93-01 AIR FORCE FLIGHT TEST CENTER TEST PLAN PREPARATION GUIDE A MAY 1994 F REVISED FEBRUARY 1999 F T C TECHNICAL INFORMATION HANDBOOK Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. AIR FORCE FLIGHT TEST CENTER EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE, CALIFORNIA AIR FORCE MATERIEL COMMAND UNITED STATES AIR FORCE Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED February 1999 Final TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Air Force Flight Test Center Test Plan Preparation Guide JON: 6. AUTHOR(S) PEC: PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER AFFTC 412 TW/CA AFFTC-TIH-93-01 Edwards AFB CA 93524-6843 SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER N/A N/A 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. A 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) The Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC) Test Plan Preparation Guide provides the established guidelines to assist test plan authors in preparing accurate and clearly written AFFTC test plans.
    [Show full text]
  • Air-Defense Systems in the Organization of US Nuclear Command and Control, 1940–1960
    The Computer in the Garbage Can: Air- Defense Systems in the Organization of US Nuclear Command and Control, 1940-1960 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Volmar, Daniel. 2019. The Computer in the Garbage Can: Air- Defense Systems in the Organization of US Nuclear Command and Control, 1940-1960. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41121266 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Computer in the Garbage Can: Air-Defense Systems in the Organization of US Nuclear Command and Control, 1940–1960 A dissertation presented by Daniel Volmar to The Department of the History of Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History of Science Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts November 2018 © 2018 Daniel Volmar. Some rights reserved. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of the license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ . Dissertation Adviser: Peter Galison Daniel Volmar The Computer in the Garbage Can: Air-Defense Systems in the Organization of US Nuclear Command and Control, 1940–1960 ABSTRACT During the late 1950s, the United States Air Force initiated development on nearly two- dozen military “command and control systems.” What they shared in common was a novel application of digital electronics to the problem of nuclear warfare.
    [Show full text]
  • Air & Space Power Journal, September-October 2013, Vol. 27
    September–October 2013 Volume 27, No. 5 AFRP 10-1 Senior Leader Perspectives Military Space ❙ 4 At a Strategic Crossroad Gen William L. Shelton, USAF Space Acquisition Issues in 2013 ❙ 11 Lt Gen Ellen M. Pawlikowski, USAF The Importance of Designating Cyberspace Weapon Systems ❙ 29 Brig Gen Robert J. Skinner, USAF Ira C. Eaker Award Winners ❙ 49 Features Maintaining Space Situational Awareness and Taking It to the Next Level ❙ 50 Col Mark A. Baird, USAF Air Force Cyber Warfare ❙ 73 Now and the Future Col William J. Poirier, USAF Maj James Lotspeich, PhD, USAF Space Superiority, Down to the Nanosecond ❙ 98 Why the Global Positioning System Remains Essential to Modern Warfare Col Bernard J. Gruber, USAF Col Jon M. Anderson, USAF, Retired Departments 120 ❙ Historical Highlight Why Are We in Space? Neil P. Ruzic 144 ❙ Book Reviews The Battle for Hearts and Minds: Uncovering the Wars of Ideas and Images behind the Global War on Terror; A Study of Media Performance and Influence, Propaganda, and Strategic Communication ............................ 144 Timothy S. McWilliams Reviewer: Toby Lee Lauterbach The Technical Collection of Intelligence ...................... 147 Robert M. Clark Reviewer: Capt Kyle Bressette, USAF The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan ..................... 148 Robert D. Crews and Amin Tarzi, eds. Reviewer: Col Jack D. Kem, PhD, USA, Retired Transforming Defense Capabilities: New Approaches for International Security ................... 150 Scott Jasper, ed. Reviewer: Dr. Karen S. Wilhelm Vietnam Declassified: The CIA and Counterinsurgency ............ 153 Thomas L. Ahern Jr. Reviewer: Steve Miller John F. Kennedy and the Race to the Moon ................... 156 John M. Logsdon Reviewer: Nicholas Michael Sambaluk, PhD Once a Fighter Pilot: The Story of Korean War Ace Lt.
    [Show full text]
  • Locating Air Force Base Sites History’S Legacy
    Locating Air Force Base Sites History’s Legacy Edited by Frederick J. Shaw Preface Locating Air Force Base Sites History’s Legacy Frederick J. Shaw Editor Updated Edition 2014 Air Force History and Museums Program United States Air Force Washington DC 2004 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Locating air force base sites : history’s legacy / Frederick J. Shaw, ed. p. cm. 1. Air bases—United States—History. 2. Air bases, American—History. 3. Air bases—Location—United States. 4. United States. Air Force—History. I. Shaw, Frederick J. ck J. UG634.49.L63 2004 358.4’17’0973 2004026963 Preface Preface This is a an updated edition created in 2014. It adds chapter 5 on the Base Realign- ment and Closure Commission, 2005, and chapter 6 on the Joint Basing Initiative. The original Preface is continued below Over the past twelve years, the base infrastructure of the United States Air Force (USAF) has shrunk rapidly to accommodate force downsizing engendered by the ending of the Cold War. Still more radical changes are necessary to efficiently sup- port the agile forces required to wage the “Global War on Terrorism.” Historically, the ebb, flow, and utilization of Air Force installations are interconnected to changes in the size, composition, and capabilities of major flying and nonflying organizations. As a result, the number of USAF installations has fluctuated accord- ing to the complex interaction of the perceived global threat, technology, strategy, tactics, and projected force structure. This study describes military, technical, eco- nomic, and political reasoning that has influenced the location, or basing, of major flying and nonflying units in the continental United States, excluding Alaska, between 1907 and 2003.
    [Show full text]